Amount Of Triolein Research Articles

Preparation of galactosylated curcumol liposomes

AbstractCurcumol (Cur), which is the primary active anti‐liver cancer component of Chinese traditional medicine Rhizoma zedoariae, was encapsulated in galactosylated liposomes to enhance its liver‐targeting efficacy. In this study, we optimized the preparation methods, prescription, and process of galactosylated curcumol liposomes (Gal‐Cur‐L). The experimental results showed that the encapsulation efficiency, particle diameter, and stability coefficient of Gal‐Cur‐L obtained by the two‐step emulsification method were improved compared with those of it obtained by other methods. Single‐factor investigation showed that two factors, pH and the amount of triolein, contribute at least partly to the encapsulation efficiency and particle diameter of Gal‐Cur‐L. The best prescription and process were obtained through orthogonal test: the ratio of lecithin to cholesterol was 2:1, the ratio of drug to lipid was 1:2, and the amount of ether and Twain‐80 were 4 ml and 1.6 g/L, respectively, 15 min for ultrasonic time, 100 W for ultrasonic power, and 20 min for homogeneous time. Using the best method, prescription, and process mentioned earlier, the basic test results of Gal‐Cur‐L were obtained, which demonstrated that our methods, prescription, and process of Gal‐Cur‐L were applicable. The encouraging results of this study provided references for the research of liver‐targeting reagents of curcumol.

High payload itraconazole-incorporated lipid nanoparticles with modulated release property for oral and parenteral administration.

The aim of this study was to develop high payload itraconazole-incorporated lipid nanoparticles (HINP) with modulated release property using a binary mixture core of solid and liquid lipid for oral and parenteral administration. High payload itraconazole-incorporated lipid nanoparticles were prepared by hot high-pressure homogenization method using tristearin (TS) as a solid lipid, triolein (TO) as a liquid lipid and egg phosphatidylcholine/Tween 80/DSPE-PEG2000 as a surfactants mixture. To investigate the effects of liquid lipid in lipid core on itraconazole (ITZ) dissolution and release, TS/TO ratio was varied as 100/0, 90/10 and 80/20 (mg/mg). All HINP formulations showed particle size around 300 nm and polydispersity index below 0.3. The incorporation efficiencies of HINP formulations were above 80%, and more than 40 mg of ITZ was incorporated into each HINP formulation. In-vitro dissolution and release rate of ITZ from HINP increased as the amount of TO in lipid core increased. Compared with commercial formulations of ITZ, the pharmacokinetics of ITZ was improved after oral and parenteral administration of HINP formulations containing 0% or 10% of TO in lipid core. High payload itraconazole-incorporated lipid nanoparticles with a binary mixture lipid core have a great potential for the development of controlled release formulation of ITZ.

Molecular Species of Triacylglycerol Isolated from Depot Fats of Ratites.

The depot fat of the emu, ratite native to Australia, has recently been found to be a source for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In this study, the chemical characteristics of the depot fat from the emu have been clarified and compared with those from the ostrich and rhea, other ratites. The fatty acid combination in triacylglycerol (TG) molecular species detected were dioleoyllinolein, palmitoyloleoyllinolein, palmitoyldiolein and dipalmitoylolein, which were common to all major species of ratite. In the emu, TG containing oleic acid accounted for 89% of the total and palmitoyldiolein (20.5%) and the amount of triolein (16.6%) was the highest in the three species. In the ostrich, TG containing linolenic acid accounted for 23% of the total and the amount of palmitoyloleoyllinolenin (7.4%) was the highest in the three species. In the rhea, TG containing linoleic acid accounted for 55% of the total and the amount of palmitoyloleoyllinolein (16.1%) was the highest in the three species.

Flavour retention by lipids measured in a fresh cheese matrix

Interactions between lipids and several aroma compounds (aldehydes, methylketones, esters, and dimethyldisulfide) were studied in a real food system composed of fresh cheese, triolein, and water. The concentration of 'free' ligands was measured with a dynamic headspace-gas chromatographic system. From our results, we conclude that retention of all flavouring molecules increases with the amount of triolein. This phenomenon is highly influenced, however, by the structure of the aroma compound, as demonstrated by RP-HPLC lipophilicity determinations. Within the same chemical family there exists a linear relationship between the lipophilicity index k(w) and retention, indicating that this physicochemical property should be taken into account in choosing the best internal analytical standard. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All right reserved.

Equilibrium and dynamic behavior for systems containing nonionic surfactants, n-hexadecane, triolein and oleyl alcohol

Phase behavior and electrical conductivity experiments were carried out for systems containing water, nonionic surfactants, triolein, n-hexadecane and oleyl alcohol. In systems where the amount of triolein was equal to or greater than the amount of n-hexadecane, the surfactant appeared successively in the lamellar liquid crystalline phase L α, the sponge phase D′, a bicontinuous microemulsion D and an oil-rich microemulsion O m as the system was made more lipophilic. The temperatures of the various phase transitions decreased with increasing hydrocarbon content. In one system five phases were found to coexist simultaneously: L α, D′, D, and excess water and oil. Conductivity measurements indicated no major change in microstructure of either D′ or D phases when the n-hexadecane-to-triolein ratio was changed from zero to one. In systems where the amount of hydrocarbon was much greater than the amount of triolein, the usual microemulsion phase behavior was seen with continuous variation of oil and water solubilization over a wide range. Videomicroscopy contacting experiments were consistent with the phase behavior results in that the D′ phase was observed as one intermediate phase when drops rich in triolein were injected into aqueous surfactant solutions but not when the drops were mainly hydrocarbon. In the latter case, microemulsions were seen which inverted continuously until the surfactant concentration in the drops became high enough that the lamellar phase formed.

Studies on Removal Mechanism of Oily Soil Mixtures Consisting of Binary Systems of Triglyceride and Fatty Acid or Fatty Alcohol

The removal mechanism of oily soils containing polar components such as fatty acids and fatty alcohols from fabrics in surfactant solutions was studied. Triolein as a model oily soil was mixed with oleic acid and oleyl alcohol in equal amounts and the mixtures thus obtained were applied to cotton and polyester fabrics.The surfactants used were dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the anionic type and dodecyl octa (oxyethylene) ether (C12E8), the nonionic type. The amounts of triolein and polar oils adhering to the fabrics were determined by the TLC-FID method following the extraction with ethyl ether.Triolein mixed with a polar oil was removed much more easily than when alone in either SDS or C12E8 solutions regardless of the type of fabric.The removal mechanism of triolein containing a polar oil in both surfactant systems is considered to be the following : In an SDS solution, the interaction between the polar oil and SDS at the oil/solution interface caused the interfacial tension to drop markedly, thus facilitating the removal of triolein by emulsification. In a C12E8 solution, the polar oil is solubilized highly in micelle formed by the surfactant promoting the removal of triolein by solubilization.On comparing the effects of the two polar oils for the removal of triolein in SDS solution, the presence of oleyl alcohol was more noted to be effective than that of oleic acid. This may possibly be due to the difference in the extent of interaction between SDS and oleic acid and oleyl alcohol.

In vitro and in vivo effects of exogenous lipids on the enzymatic hydrolysis of rat bile phospholipids.

The addition of total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, triglycerides, cholesterol or glycerol to incubation media containing rat pancreatic juice and bile labeled with [9, 10 3H2] oleic acid (90% of the radioactivity present as phospholipids) had no effect on the hydrolysis of bile endogenous phospholipids. The introduction of 2 or 10 mg of phosphatidylcholines and 0.5 ml of bile (approximately 1.5 mg of phospholipids) into the rat upper duodenum decreased the rate absorption of native bile phospholipids. It was not followed by an increase of free fatty acids released from biliary phospholipids in the intestinal lumen. The introduction of bile (0.5 ml) and small amounts of triolein (1.4--3.5 mg) into the duodenum had little effect on the rate of hydrolysis and absorption of native bile phospholipids, but caused a reduced absorption of the free fatty acids released or those coming from initial nonphosphorus biliary lipids. The introduction of bile (0.5 ml) and large amounts of triolein (30 mg) into the duodenum increased the rates of hydrolysis and absorption of endogenous bile phospholipids. These observations suggest that luminal lipid components can modify the organization of luminal micelles and, consequently, the action of the pancreatic phospholipase A2 and the absorption of bile lipids.

Effects of lipids on bioavailability of sulfisoxazole acetyl, dicumarol, and griseofulvin in rats

AbstractThe effects of hexadecane, oleyl alcohol, polysorbate 80, trioctanoin, and triolein on the bioavailability of sulfisoxazole N1‐acetyl, dicumarol, and griseofulvin were investigated. Compared to administration of the drugs in water, the rate of absorption of the drugs was either decreased or not changed by the lipids. The extent of absorption of sulfisoxazole acetyl and dicumarol was significantly increased by polysorbate 80 and triolein and not affected by hexadecane or oleyl alcohol. Trioctanoin increased the extent of absorption of sulfisoxazole acetyl but had no effect on the absorption of dicumarol. Compared to the aqueous vehicle, the extent of absorption of griseofulvin was decreased by hexadecane, oleyl alcohol, and triolein, increased by polysorbate 80, and not affected by trioctanoin. The extent of absorption of sulfisoxazole acetyl was not affected by the amount of triolein in which it was administered nor by emulsification of triolein prior to administration.

A Modified Bile Return System in the Dog.

SummaryEleven bile fistula dogs, with common bile duct sectioned, were permitted to recirculate their bile by periodically joining together polyvinyl cannulas fixed in the duodenum and gall badder and brought outside through stab incisions. In 6 of these dogs, fed varying amounts of triolein or oleic acid, steatorrhea was corrected completely within 12 days after rejoining the cannulas. In 5 other dogs fed similar diets, but not subjected to prior bile deprivation, fecal fat excretion was within normal limits for period up to 30 days. These results show that the steatorrhea of bile deprivation can be corrected by continuous bile return.Technical assistance of Stanley Duberman and Thelma J. Dean is gratefully acknowledged.