Amount Of Protein Research Articles

Study of structural and biochemıcal quality indicators in cultivated and wild barley specimens under irrigated conditions

The mass of 1000 grains, the number of grains per spike, spike weight, spike length, protein, essential amino acids - lysine and tryptophan have been analyzed in cultivated and wild varieties - Nutans, Pallidum and Nigropallidum of 21 barley specimens planted at the experimental field of the MSE of AR Genetic Resources İnstitute. In the analyzed samples, the mass of 1000 grains varied between 36.0-57.0 grams, the number of grains per spike was 26-56, the grain weight per spike – 1.07-4.5 g and the moisture content in the grain varied between 9.0 and 14.0. As seen in the table, the amount of total protein varied between 10.5 and 14.8% in the analyzed barley specimens. The highest protein content was detected in the wild barley specimen – H.vulgare subsp. vulgare var. nutans No 74 (hybrid) (14.8%), and the lowest protein content was found in the wild barley specimen – H.vulgare subsp. spontaneum AZGR-14520, No 39 (10.5%). The amount of tryptophan was the highest – 170 mg (mg per 100 g)) in H.vulgare subsp. spontaneum AZGR-14521, No 40 (similar) and the amount of lysine was the highest – 323 mg (mg per 100 g) in H.vulgare subsp. vulgare var. nutans/erectum No 47 (hybrid). Three samples that differed from the standard due to high lysine content were selected. So, the amount of lysine was highest -323mg (mg per 100 g) in H.vulgare subsp. vulgare var. nutans/erectum No 47 (hybrid) and cultivated barley specimen – H.vulgare subsp. var. nigropallidum No 44 (hybrid) – 308 mg (mg per 100 g). It has been found that the high lysine content in protein is closely related to the low amount of protein in the grain in most cases. That is, as the amount of protein in the grain decreases, the amount of lysine in its content increases. It is possible to select samples with a high amount of protein, which is considered one of the main indicators, and use them as a valuable starting material in practical selection work to create new varieties with good grain quality. Keywords: Barley, protein, lysine, tryptophan, mass of 1000 grains, biochemistry

THE INFLUENCE OF MULTICOMPONENT WINTER WHEAT SEED PROTECTANTS ON ITS PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY

We studied combined suspension compositions prepared by liquid-phase mechanical treatment based on the fungicides difenoconazole, tebuconazole, imazalil, fludioxanil, thiabendazole, prochloraz, sedoxan and the insecticides thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, plant growth regulators Enershanse, which showed a wide range of biological activity in field conditions. It was established that the main indicators of the quality of the final product - the nature of the grain, the amount of protein and gluten, glassiness, and the quality of gluten - depended on the fungicidal and insecticidal effects on the phytosanitary condition of winter wheat crops. All studied drugs had a protective effect. They contributed to the disinfection of winter wheat seeds from seed and soil pathology and harmful insects of the early period of plant development. It was found that for effective treatment of winter wheat seeds, it is best to use insectofungicidal preparations containing several components of different chemical classes. It was found that pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds with a suspension composition of thiamethoxam + sedaxan + fludioxonil + tebuconazole in the form of Vibranse Integral, suspension concentrate provided the greatest increase in grain yield by 0.49 t/ha (7.3%) with a control yield of 6.74 t/ha. The use of this drug ensures a particularly high protein content in the grain (16.07%) and gluten (36.8%) of the first quality group. We have established diverse positive effects of the drug Vibranse Integral, manifested in enhancing the growth processes of the root system due to the presence of the sedaxane molecule, the purpose of which is aimed at the formation of a healthy and well-developed root system, increasing the stress resistance of plants to abiotic factors, and the manifestation of a good protective effect in relation to soil and seed infections. We determined the lowest, relative to other studied drugs, yield (6.17 t/ha) from the use of a suspension composition of thiamethoxam (262.5 g/l) + difenoconazole (25 g/l) + fludioxonil (25 g/l (Celest Top), but the grain was of high quality. All other seed protectants occupied an intermediate position between the above-mentioned drugs.

B7-H3 enhances colorectal cancer progression by regulating HB-EGF via HIF-1α.

B7-H3 (or CD276) represents an important costimulatory molecule expressed in many malignant solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The receptor of B7-H3 is not known, and the intracellular function of B7-H3 remains obscure. Herein, we report that B7-H3 upregulated the epidermal growth factor heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF), likely by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and thereby promoting the progression of CRC. Lentiviral transfection was performed on CRC cells to establish stable low-B7-H3 expression cells. A mechanistic analysis with an Agilent human gene expression profiling chip was conducted on them. Clinical data and specimens were collected to detect the connection between B7-H3 and HB-EGF in CRC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to detect the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of B7-H3, HB-EGF, and HIF-1α. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) quantitative real-time PCR was conducted. The protein level of HIF-1α and the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) pathway were detected by western blot. HIF-1α was recovered by lentiviral transfection, and the HB-EGF mRNA levels, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis ability were detected. B7-H3 promoted tumor progression through HB-EGF and the PI3K-AKT pathway. As B7-H3 was downregulated, HB-EGF levels were significantly reduced simultaneously, a growth trend that was shown by both CRC cell lines and cancer tissues. In addition, B7-H3 and HB-EGF had significant associations with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis in 50 CRC patients. The binding ability of HIF-1α to the HB-EGF promoter region was significantly decreased in the shB7-H3 RKO group. Western blot revealed that PI3K, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein amounts and p-AKT and p-mTOR phosphorylation were also downregulated in shB7-H3 RKO cells, suggesting that B7-H3 may regulate HIF-1α via PI3K-AKT signaling. After recovery of the HIF-1α level by lentiviral transfection, the HB-EGF mRNA levels, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in CRC cells recovered as well. B7-H3 may transmit intracellular signals through PI3K-AKT-mTOR-HIF-1α signaling, upregulating HB-EGF. As the final transcription factor of the pathway, HIF-1α regulates the transcription of the HB-EGF gene, thereby promoting HB-EGF expression, which eventually mediates cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis and promotes the progression of CRC.

Использование молекулярно-генетических маркеров для идентификации генов чувствительности к фотопериоду в селекционном материале сои

Soybean is one of the important oil and forage crops. It contains large amounts of oil, protein, vitamins, and other valuable nutrients. Annually, sowing area under soybean in Russia enlarges towards central and Siberian regions. However, soybean is very sensitive to photoperiod that is a key factor in regulation of soybean growth and development. The identification of gens controlling a photoperiodic sensitivity in soybeans is important for breeding of new adaptive cultivars. DNA-markers are an effective instrument for the selection of valuable genotypes from breeding germplasm. In this work, we identified gens contributing the most of decrease in soybean sensitivity to a day length. There were estimated six cultivars, five lines F6–F7, and five hybrids F1 of soybean. We used six molecular markers. Due to results, the early maturing cultivars Elana and Barguzin had the largest amount of recessive alleles; the cultivar Mamont had the largest amount of dominant alleles that characterizes it as middle maturing. The rest samples had two or three recessive alleles and belong to maturity groups from early to middle early. The analysis of hybrid combinations showed that a molecular marker for a Е3-gen is inherited co-dominantly. This allowed using it to control transferring of desired gens at crosses in progeny. Thus, the usage of the molecular-genetic markers was effective in selection by a studied trait and can be used in the breeding process.

Combined Dopaminergic Drugs with Supplemental Progesterone to Treat Recurrent Miscarriage and Ulcerative Colitis despite Diminished Egg Reserve

Rationale: Chronic inflammation of pelvic tissues related to increased cellular permeability may not only be responsible for diminished oocyte reserve (DOR) but may also contribute to recurrent miscarriage and other comorbidities. Objective: To determine if treatment with dextroamphetamine sulfate to release more dopamine from sympathetic nerve fibers to decrease excessive cellular permeability, and thus reduce excessive cellular immune activity, coupled with progesterone supplementation from luteal phase throughout the first trimester to increase the amount of the immunomodulatory protein the progesterone induced blocking factor (PIBF) could prevent another miscarriage in a 37-year-old woman with recurrent pregnancy losses. Findings: With this treatment, not only did she conceive in her first treatment cycle and delivered a full-term healthy baby, but the dextroamphetamine markedly improved her ulcerative colitis. Proof that the improvement of the ulcerative colitis was medication related and not merely fortuitous was determined by proving Koch’s postulates. The improvement was found to be long-lasting in that she has not had any symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease for 1 ½ years post-partum. Conclusions: Dopaminergic drugs plus progesterone should be considered first in women with DOR and a manifestation of potential excessive inflammation as evidenced in this case by inflammatory bowel disease. This is the second case report of improving treatment refractory ulcerative colitis with dextroamphetamine, which is considerably safer to the patient and more efficacious than the standard immune suppressants.

Phytochemicals Screening, Proximate composition and Antioxidants Analysis of Italian Citrus paradisi Fruits

Citrus paradise is a largely consumed fruit for nutrition and medicinal importance. This study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemicals, proximate, and antioxidants contents of Italian Citrus paradisi fruits. The phytochemicals screening and proximate analysis were performed using the methods of AOAC. Antioxidants contents and capacities of the extract were determined by DPPH and FRAP Assay. The grapefruits aqueous extract revealed the presence of various phytochemicals and contains significant (p < 0.05) amount of carbohydrates (89.36 %), moisture (74.80 %), lipids (4.56 %), protein (3.36 %), crude fiber (2.36 %), and ash content (0.83 %). The extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) increase in DPPH percentage inhibition of free radical scavenging activity and FRAP properties comparable to that of the standard, ascorbic acid. The grapefruits extract contains various phytochemicals, proximate nutrients, and exhibited free radical scavenging activity. The grapefruits have nutritional status, antioxidant properties, and medicinal importance.

Evaluation of Bee Pollen Produced in Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.), Rock Rose (Cistus criticus) and Wild Lavender (Lavandula Stoechas) Fields in Aydın Vicinity as Monofloral Bee Pollen and Determining Some Chemical Properties

In this study, the possibility of producing pollens harvested in certain periods from wild mustard (WM), rock rose (RR) and wild lavender (WL) fields, which are common in the region, as single plant pollen was evaluated and some chemical properties were determined in bee pollen collected from these plants. In the research, 4 colonies each were moved to WM fields in Aydın-Efeler, and to the RR and WL fields in Gaffarlar village of Koçarlı district of Aydın province. In these colonies, the plant origins of the pollen pellets taken from each group, separated according to their colors, were determined. Pellet weights, moisture contents, crude protein and total phenolic substance amounts were determined in the samples taken from WM, RR and WL pollen pellets of defined plant origin. WM, RR and WL pellet weights were 10,42±0,440 mg, 11,69±0,393 mg and 10,40±0,34 mg, respectively. In the same order as the moisture content were determined as 22,10±0,934%, 19,82±0,613%, 20,55±0,667%. In this study, the crude protein contents of WM, RR and WL bee pollen are; 20,5±0,47%; 13,8±2,51%; 16,5±0,95% also in the same order; total phenolic substance values were determined as 21,53±0,514 mg GAE/g, 16,12±0,539 mg GAE/g and 20,31±0,677 mg GAE/g. With this study, it was relize that the bee pollen produced in WM and RR fields in the Aydın precinct can be considered as monofloral bee pollen. Crude protein content and total phenolic substance content of RR bee pollen were found to be lower than the other two plants. It will be possible to establish standards with more comprehensive chemical analyzes on more WM and RR bee pollen samples collected from different vicinity.

Assessment of Combined Effects of Selenium and Cadmium on Antioxidant Activity of Enzymes Produced by Citrobacter freundii

Study’s Novelty/Excerpt This study is novel in demonstrating the differential effects of cadmium (Cd) and selenium (Se) on Citrobacter freundii, specifically highlighting the mitigation of Cd toxicity by Se addition. The research reveals that while Cd concentrations above 40 ppm hinder bacterial growth and significantly reduce protein content, Se addition alleviates these detrimental effects, reducing the protein content decline and antioxidant enzyme activities. This work provides new insights into the interplay between heavy metal toxicity and antioxidant defenses in bacteria, suggesting potential biotechnological applications for managing Cd contamination. Full Abstract In this study, Citrobacter freundii (NRRL B-2643) bacteria were cultured in an LB medium with different cadmium (Cd) concentrations. To mitigate the deleterious impact of Cd, varying quantities of selenium (Se), renowned for its antioxidative power, were added to the cadmium-containing growth medium. Bacterial concentration, soluble protein, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Glutathione reductase (GSH-Red), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) were determined by spectrophotometer. No significant microorganism growth was observed at 150 ppm and higher Cd concentrations. However, the bacterial growth was not affected up to 40 ppm Cd concentration. Bacteria were grown in media containing 0, 75, 100, and 125 ppm Cd, where the 0-ppm cadmium group served as control. The protein content of the microorganism grown in the medium containing 75, 100, and 125 ppm Cd decreased about 21, 40, and 62 percent, respectively, compared to the control. When 3.0 ppm selenium was added to the same growth medium, the percentage decrease in protein amount compared to the control was 12, 25, and 50, respectively. Compared to the control, an increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities in bacteria grown in cadmium-containing media was observed (p<0.05). With the addition of 1.0 and 3.0 ppm selenium to cadmium-containing media, a decrease was observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes.

Systemic infection in aged mice causes upregulation of crystallin alpha A in the RPE/choroid

Aging changes the responsiveness of our immune defense, and this decline in immune reactivity plays an important role in the increased susceptibility to infections that marks progressing age. Aging is also the most pronounced risk factor for development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disease that is characterized by dysfunctional retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and loss of central vision. We have previously shown that acute systemic viral infection has a large impact on the retina in young mice, leading to upregulation of chemokines in the RPE/choroid (RPE/c) and influx of CD8 T cells in the neuroretina. In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of systemic infection on the RPE/c in aged mice to evaluate whether infection in old age could play a role in the pathogenesis of AMD. We found that systemic infection in mice led to upregulation of genes from the crystallin family in the RPE/c from aged mice, but not in the RPE/c from young mice. Crystallin alpha A (CRYAA) was the most upregulated gene, and increased amounts of CRYAA protein were also detected in the aged RPE/c. Increased CRYAA gene and protein expression has previously been found in drusen and choroid from AMD patients, and this protein has also been linked to neovascularization. Since both drusen and neovascularization are important hallmarks of advanced AMD, it is interesting to speculate if upregulation of crystallins in response to infection in old age could be relevant for the pathogenesis of AMD.

Identification of the energy parameters of an electrohydroimpulse plant for the production of valuable components from organic raw materials

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the developed bone degreasing stand. The object of the study is the production of valuable components from organic raw materials. Fractions of cattle crushed to the size of 2.5 mm, 5.2 mm and 10.5 mm were used to identify the effective mode of operation of an electrohydroimpulse installation. Physical and chemical methods of fat extraction are currently not relevant from the point of view of economy, due to environmental damage and labor intensity. In this regard, new effective methods of extracting fat from bone mass are needed. Therefore, the proposed method of extracting fat by spark discharge is an actual and alternative method for today. During the study, an acceptable temperature regime for fat production was obtained. Next, a laboratory stand was assembled, with which you can degrease the bone mass without changing the properties of fat. Experimental studies show that with an increase in the capacity of the capacitor bank in energy storage devices and the length of the discharge gap, the bone degreasing process becomes more efficient. During the study, it was found that at a liquid temperature of 38 °C and a pulse voltage of 25 kV on a switching device of an electrohydroimpulse installation, the degree of fat extraction increases without destroying the morphological structure of bone mass. Using the hexane extraction reaction, we determined the efficiency of fat extraction at a temperature of 38 °C, at which the fat mass from the bones is effectively broken down, and using the UV-1800 spectrophotometer, we determined the amount of protein in the bones before and after treatment. The study also showed that with a capacitor bank capacity of 0.5 uF, crushed to a fraction of 10.5 mm of pelvic bone, the separated fat is 18.7 %, and with constant grinding of the capacitor bank to a fraction of 2.5 mm – 19.4 %

On the issue of methods for the identification of melamine in milk and its processed products

The development and intensification of the dairy industry currently often leads to the appearance of counterfeit food products in circulation. Component adulteration of milk is widespread in relation to the most valuable protein component. To date, the problem is that the estimation of the amount of protein in milk and its processed products by arbitration methods is based on the determination of nitrogen and is currently imperfect, since when adulterated with nitrogencontaining substances such as melamine, urea gives false inflated values and does not allow for operational input and production control. We have analyzed the regulatory framework, scientific publications of domestic and foreign authors, review materials from open sources over the past 10 years on the issues of falsification of the protein component of milk and its processed products, methods of identification of adulterating components. As a result of the analysis of regulatory documents and scientific literature, it was established that the existing methods approved in regulatory documents are laborious to reproduce, require special equipment, training of personnel to work on this equipment, the use of chemical reagents and auxiliary equipment, often expensive. The modern method of identifying melamine using infrared analyzers will allow to establish its quantitative values with great accuracy in the presence of appropriate calibration dependencies, in many ways accelerate and simplify the procedure for delivery and acceptance of raw milk while maintaining quality and safety indicators at a high level in accordance with regulatory documents.

Golgi associated RAB2 interactor protein family contributes to murine male fertility to various extents by assuring correct morphogenesis of sperm heads.

Sperm heads contain not only the nucleus but also the acrosome which is a distinctive cap-like structure located anterior to the nucleus and is derived from the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi Associated RAB2 Interactors (GARINs; also known as FAM71) protein family shows predominant expression in the testis and all possess a RAB2-binding domain which confers binding affinity to RAB2, a small GTPase that is responsible for membrane transport and vesicle trafficking. Our previous study showed that GARIN1A and GARIN1B are important for acrosome biogenesis and that GARIN1B is indispensable for male fertility in mice. Here, we generated KO mice of other Garins, namely Garin2, Garin3, Garin4, Garin5a, and Garin5b (Garin2-5b). Using computer-assisted morphological analysis, we found that the loss of each Garin2-5b resulted in aberrant sperm head morphogenesis. While the fertilities of Garin2-/- and Garin4-/- males are normal, Garin5a-/- and Garin5b-/- males are subfertile, and Garin3-/- males are infertile. Further analysis revealed that Garin3-/- males exhibited abnormal acrosomal morphology, but not as severely as Garin1b-/- males; instead, the amounts of membrane proteins, particularly ADAM family proteins, decreased in Garin3 KO spermatozoa. Moreover, only Garin4 KO mice exhibit vacuoles in the sperm head. These results indicate that GARINs assure correct head morphogenesis and some members of the GARIN family function distinctively in male fertility.

Assessment of the physicochemical profile of gluten-free flour and pasta products

The production of food products that do not contain gluten is being actively developed since it is not recommended for certain medical reasons, such as celiac disease. Therefore, developing high-quality and highly nutritional gluten-free (GF) pasta products is crucial. A shortage of domestic gluten-free food products characterises the consumer market of Kazakhstan. Buckwheat, rice, and corn flour are widely used to make gluten-free pasta. The results of the study showed that buckwheat flour contains significantly higher amounts of protein (11.9%), ash (1.54%), iron (2.47%), calcium (38.53%), magnesium (56.11%), phosphorus (267.55) and lower carbohydrate content (67.99%) compared to rice and corn flour. Moreover, pasta made from buckwheat flour also showed higher protein 9.39%, Ca (28.80 mg/100g), Mg (48.28 mg/100g), Fe (2.28 mg/100g), Na (5.50 mg/100g), P (196.45 mg/100g) content. Also, amino acids, such as lysine, tyrosine, alanine, valine, etc., were elevated in buckwheat flour-based pasta. Taken together, these data hint that buckwheat has the potential to become a nutrient-rich GF paste ahead of corn and rice. However, further research is needed to determine the cooking qualities and consumer acceptability.

Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Nutritionally Rich Plant, Dioscorea alata L.

Dioscorea alata belongs to Dioscoreaceae or the yam family. Around 600 Dioscorea species are consumed in various regions of the world. Dioscorea alata is well known cultivated tuber consumed by both rural and urban people. In this study, we have investigated the nutrient composition, phytochemicals, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the underground and aerial tubers of Dioscorea alata. The result of the analysis showed that the aerial tuber of D. alata contained a higher amount of moisture (68.51%), ash (4.64%), starch (5.61%), reducing sugar (0.029%), fat (0.33%) and protein (1.39%) than underground tuber of D. alata. At the same time, carbohydrates, free amino acids, vitamin C, sodium, potassium and iron contents were superior in the underground tuber than in the aerial tuber. Further, both underground and aerial tuber was a good source of phenols, flavonoids, tannins and diosgenin. The underground tuber exhibited better DPPH scavenging potential compared to the aerial tuber. Six solvents extract of D. alata showed significant to moderate antibacterial activity toward seven tested clinical stains. Thus, the tuber of D. alata could be used as a better food supplement to meet the calorie requirement and a rich source of relevant antimicrobial agents to treat microbial infections.

Effect of blanching conditions and solar drying on selected nutritional, anti-nutritional and bioactive components of formulated avocado seed powder

Avocado (Persea americana Mill) seeds are mainly considered as waste by-products of avocado fruit processing in many countries, including Tanzania despite their potential health and economic benefits. The present work investigated the effect of hot water blanching and solar drying treatments on nutritional, bioactive, and cyanogenic glycosides of avocado seed samples in an attempt to develop quality avocado seed powders (ASPs) by using solar drying technology. Results showed that total ash, crude protein, crude fiber, total phenolic, proanthocyanidins, and cyanogenic glycosides contents showed a significant reduction in avocado seed powders with respect to increased blanching temperature and time. On the other hand, crude fat and total carotenoids contents, showed a decline with respect to increased temperature only. Blanching treatment at 85 °C for 10 minutes retained a significant amount of total ash (86.9%), crude fat (100%), crude protein (78.8%), crude fiber (91.6%), total carotenoids (43.6%) and total phenol contents (47.0%) in developed avocado seed powder. Cyanogenic glycosides were highly reduced at 95 °C for 20 minutes (81.1%) than at 85 °C for 10 minutes (58.5%). However, the level of cyanogenic glycosides in all avocado seed powders are far below the lethal dose (36 mg/100 g) of hydrocyanic acid. The significant high losses of nutrients and phytochemicals was observed at a blanching treatment of 95 °C for 20 minutes. This could be due to prolonged leaching of soluble compounds to hot water and degradation of heat-sensitive bioactive compounds. The aforementioned results revealed that, different temperatures and times during hot water blanching significantly influence the quality of formulated avocado seed powder. Therefore, hot water blanching treatment at 85 °C for 10 minutes and solar drying technology could be employed to produce a nutrient-rich and palatable avocado seed powder that can find its use in normal food consumption and food processing industries, particularly in low income settings. Key words: Avocado seed, avocado seed powder, solar drying, hot water blanching, utilization

Effect of Physicochemical Surface Properties of Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatite on Angiogenesis.

Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) is a widely studied bioceramic for bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to its similarity to the mineral component of bone. As bone mineral contains various ionic substitutions that play a crucial role in bone metabolism, the bioactivity of HA can be improved by adding small amounts of physiologically relevant ions into its crystal structure, with silicate-substituted HA (Si-HA) showing particularly promising results. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how distinct material characteristics influence the bioactivity due to the intertwined nature of surface properties. A coculture methodology was optimized and applied for in vitro quantification of the biological response. Initially, HA and Si-HA samples were produced and characterized. To compare the bioactivity of the samples, a method was developed to measure interactions in an increasingly complex environment, first including fibronectin (FN) adsorption and subsequently cell adhesion in mono and coculture using primary human osteoblasts (hOBs) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs), with and without FN precoating. An experimental set-up was designed to assess to what extent different surface features of the samples contribute to the induced biological response. An 8-nm gold sputter coating was applied to eradicate the electrochemical differences and polishing and abrading was used to reduce the differences in surface topographies. Overall, 1.25 wt% Si-HA exhibited most nanoscale variations in surface potential. In terms of bioactivity, 1.25 wt% Si-HA samples induced the highest osteoblast attachment and vessel formation. Additionally, in vitro vessel formation was established on Si-HA surfaces using a hOB:HDMEC cell ratio of 70:30 and a methodology was established that enabled the assessment of the relative effect of topographical and electrochemical features induced by silicon substitution in the HA lattice on their bioactivity. It was found that the difference in the amount of protein attached to HA and 1.25 wt% Si-HA after 2 h was affected by topographical differences. Conversely, electrochemical differences induced different vessel-like structure formation in coculture with a FN precoating. Without an FN precoating, both topographical and electrochemical differences dictated the differences in angiogenic response. Overall, 1.25 wt% Si-HA surface features appear to induce the most favorable protein adsorption and cell adhesion in mono and coculture with and without FN precoating.

Kualitas fisik dan sifat organoleptik bakso daging sapi dengan Penambahan tepung oat (avena sativa)

Beef meatballs using tapioca flour only contain a small amount of protein, fat and fiber in them. The nutrition is very low, only around 0.1% of the daily recommendation. Therefore, there is a need for healthier alternative flour, one of which is oat flour. This research is a diversification of healthy meatball products made from oat flour which contains better nutrition than tapioca flour. The method used was an experimental study with a completely randomized design pattern of three treatments (substitution of tapioca flour with oat flour at 0%; 50% and 100%) which was repeated seven times. The variables observed were chemical quality (air, protein, fat, carbohydrates), physical quality (pH and cooking loss) and organoleptic properties (color, aroma, texture and taste). Data analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA). If there is a significant difference between treatments, Duncan's further test is carried out. The results showed that the amount of oat flour had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the pH of the meatballs. The amount of oat flour linearly (P<0.05) reduced the level of meatball cooking loss. The organoleptic properties of meatballs with 50% oat flour are more similar to meatballs using 100% oat flour, and have slightly the same level of preference. It can be concluded that oat flour can be used as a substitute for tapioca flour to improve the physical and organoleptic quality of beef balls. Meanwhile, the ideal oat flour substitution rate is as much as 50%.

Photobiomodulation of Na,K‐ATPase in native membrane fraction and reconstituted in DPPC:DPPE‐liposome

AbstractStudies focusing on how photobiomodulation (PBM) can affect the structure and function of proteins are scarce in the literature. Few previous studies have shown that the enzymatic activity of Na,K‐ATPAse (NKA) can be photo‐modulated. However, the variability of sample preparation and light irradiation wavelengths have not allowed for an unequivocal conclusion about the PBM of NKA. Here, we investigate minimal membrane models containing NKA, namely, native membrane fraction and DPPC:DPPE proteoliposome upon laser irradiation at wavelengths 532, 650, and 780 nm. Interestingly, we show that the PBM on the NKA enzymatic activity has a bell‐shaped profile with a stimulation peak (~15% increase) at around 20 J.cm−2 and 6 J.cm−2 for the membrane‐bound and the proteoliposome samples, respectively, and are practically wavelength independent. Further, by normalizing the enzymatic activity by the NKA enzyme concentration, we show that the PBM response is related to the protein amount with small influence due to protein's environment. The stimulation decays over time reaching the basal level around 6 h after the irradiation for the three lasers and both NKA samples. Our results demonstrate the potential of using low‐level laser therapy to modulate NKA activity, which may have therapeutic implications and benefits.

Enhanced protein intake on maintaining muscle mass, strength, and physical function in adults with overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background & AimsWeight loss in individuals with obesity and overweight leads to metabolic and health benefits but also poses the risk of muscle mass reduction. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aims to determine the initial protein amount necessary for achieving weight loss while maintaining muscle mass, strength, and physical function in adults with overweight and obesity. MethodsRelevant literature databases, including Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), Excerpta Medica (Embase), the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL), and Web of Science, were electronically searched up to 15 March 2023. We examined the effect of additional protein intake on muscle mass, strength, and physical function in adults with overweight or obesity targeting weight loss. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool. Results were synthesized using standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) via a random-effects model. ResultsForty-seven studies (n = 3,218) were included. In the muscle mass analysis, twenty-eight trials with 1,989 participants were encompassed. Results indicated that increased protein intake significantly prevents muscle mass decline in adults with overweight or obesity aiming for weight loss (SMD 0.75; 95% CI 0.41 to 1.10; p < 0.001). Enhanced protein intake did not significantly prevent decreases in muscle strength and physical function. An intake exceeding 1.3 g/kg/day is anticipated to increase muscle mass, while an intake below 1.0 g/kg/day is associated with a higher risk of muscle mass decline. The risk of bias in studies regarding muscle mass ranged from low to high. ConclusionsAdults with overweight or obesity and aim for weight loss can more effectively retain muscle mass through higher protein intake, as opposed to no protein intake enhancement.

Mushroom-A Nutritious and Environment Friendly Crop: A Review

Mushroom is very nutritious and environment friendly crop additionally to numerous medicinal values. Mushroom contain low protein amount than the animals but way more in case of plants. Except iron it contain higher amount of fiber, essential amino acids and minerals. It is not only a vegetable of full of nutrients as Vitamin D but also it has a property that can prevent cancer, HIV-1 AIDS (a serious disease in human being) and others diseases. It is a crop which requires minimum resources and space to cultivate, which is grown in all over the world and with minimum cost throughout the year. It has a marvelous prospective and petition for growing a nutritious food item with superb taste from agricultural waste substrates that are rich and low expensive for growing, mushroom is a very environmentally friendly crop; lignocellulosic waste material can be also converted into food, feed and fertilizers by its cultivation. However, the consumption and production of mushrooms is much lower than other crops, so the investment in the mushroom industry is not very large.