Amount Of Photon Energy Research Articles

Simulation Study on the Optimization of Photon Energy Delivered to the Prefrontal Cortex in Low-Level-Light Therapy Using Red to Near-Infrared Light

Brain functions have been proved to be affected by external stimuli. Low-Level-Light Therapy (LLLT) using near-infrared photons is one of the effective ways to modulate the hemodynamic activities in the brain. However, the biphasic hormetic dose-response where bioenergetics are stimulated at a low dose and inhibited at a high dose is well observed in all photon stimulations. The amount of photon energy delivered to the brain are affected by the wavelength as well as the multilayered head structure with variations of optical parameters (OPs). A real 3D volume head model is built for each participant in this study, and the boundary conditions of each OP in each layer is considered. The Monte Carlo simulation with wavelengths ranging from 650 nm to 1064 nm is implemented to investigate the energy delivered to the brain under different radiation profiles. Results show that 1064-nm photons penetrate deeper than 810-nm photons except for scalp absorption at the lower bound due to low melanin content. Collimated-beam radiation is better than diverging-beam due to a more uniform intensity distribution at the scalp surface. Further research to optimize LLLT dosage for each individual is imperative due to the high inter-person variability in structure and OPs.

Potential energy of photon passes through cold mirror on photovoltaic-thermoelectric generator with artificial lights radiation

The amount of photon energy becomes a key parameter that determines the release of electron bonds which is often called a band-gap in photovoltaic cells (PV) to generate electricity. This paper presents the results of measurements of photon energy from radiation sources of artificial light Halogen, Incandescent and Xenon which aims to adjust the bad gap type of solar cell material. Simulations of measuring 50 watts of bulb radiation were carried out repeatedly with the Spectrometer sensor and the application software Spectragryph 1.2.8 on each electron Volt the bulb light. The incoming radiation form the bulb is concentrated with a Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) Fresnel lens with an optimal light transmission capability of 92%. The results of this light transmission will be divided after illuminating at the Cold mirror (CM) spectrum splitterr, partly reflected in the PV module and partially transmitted to the thermoelectric generator (TEG) in the PV-TEG hybrid. The measurement of photons leading to PV show values of 2.2 and 2.4 eV for Halogen with Cadmium Sulfide that match the band-gap for the photon’s energy. While the Incandescent photon energy, it is more suitable with PV material in Silicon, Germanium and Indium nitride. For Xenon, it gives the effect of releasing electrons bond to Cadmium sulfide and band gap which is below 2.42 eV, such as CdSe, InN and Si. The maximum light intensity reflected by CM is emitted by a Xenon bulb, then Halogen and the lowest is Incandescent (50> 40> 36) a.u., respectively. Meanwhile, the energy of the photons transmitted to the TEG module illustrates a different trend, where the best Halogen is followed by the lowest then Xenon incandescent.

Superefficient light emission

Quantum Dots A challenge to improving synthesis methods for superefficient light-emitting semiconductor nanoparticles is that current analytical methods cannot measure efficiencies above 99%. Hanifi et al. used photothermal deflection spectroscopy to measure very small nonradiative decay components in quantum dot photoluminescence. The method allowed them to tune the synthesis of CdSe/CdS quantum dots so that the external luminescent efficiencies exceeded 99.5%. This is important for applications that require an absolute minimum amount of photon energy to be lost as heat, such as photovoltaic luminescent concentrators. Science , this issue p. [1199][1] [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aat3803