Amount Of Na Research Articles

Apatite-related Na+, Cu2+, Zn2+, CO3 2− containing calcium phosphates nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties for medical application

The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize the calcium phosphates modified by different amount of Na+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and CO3 2−, and to investigate their activity in model solution (at pH = 7.45 and 37 °C) and antibacterial properties against Streptococcus pyogenes. According to XRD and FTIR spectroscopy data the apatite-related phases with partial substitution РО4 3− → СО3 2− (B-type) have been prepared. Presence of sodium and carbonate ions led to increase of solubility in model solution during the first 48 h, while modification with both Cu2+ and Zn2+ cations (up to 0.6 wt%) significantly improved antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus pyogenes.

Bactericidal efficiency of silver nanocomposites obtained using Brewer’s spent grains

Silver nanocomposites were prepared using extracts resulting from different extraction methods of brewer’s spent grains (BSG) herein called BW3. Extracts were prepared using solvent (acetone and methanol aqueous solutions, and water) extraction methods, ultrasonic and microwave-assisted methods, and alkaline-acid hydrolysis.Extraction conditions influenced the composition of extract solutions differing in the amount of Na, K, P, Mg, Ca, Zn, and SO4−, Cl−, and NO3– anions, wherein predominantly varying contents of P and anions influenced the properties of the nanocomposites. Nanocomposites exhibited three major crystalline phases, namely, Ag3PO4 (9–74 wt%), Agmet (25–84 wt%), and AgCl (∼1–5 wt%) with different Ag crystallite sizes. Nanoparticles of different Ag phases were capped by organic structures consisting of chemical groups such as C–OH, C = O, C–OOH, –NH, and –PH. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites increased with increasing Agmet phase content.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of nanocomposites for Escherichia coli was as low as 4 μg mL−1. The antibacterial efficiency depended on the amount of (i) Ag+ ions from different Ag phases and their solubility, (ii) positively charged P and N hydrogen forms, (iii) negatively charged C groups and vacancies, and (iv) Ag phases crystallite size.

Seasonal determination of proximate composition and essential elements in commercial fishes from Pakistan and human health risk assessment

The seasonal variability in proximate composition and essential elements demonstrates that the habitat and feeding habits of fish species play a vital role in energy transfer.
 We aimed to ascertain seasonal variability in the biochemical composition (protein, lipids, carbohydrates, ash, and moisture) and the amounts of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn in the species Nemipterus japonicus, Epinephelus erythrurus, Nematalosa nasus, and Ilisha striatula inhabiting pelagic and demersal zones. We compared the nutritional profile of these fish species and their seasonal importance. The essential elements were detected by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and found in the following order: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Mn > Zn. To determine the proximate composition, we employed a number of methods: the Lowry method for protein analysis, the acid hydrolysis method for fat/lipid analysis, a formula for carbohydrates and moisture, and the incineration method for ash content.
 The spring inter-monsoon season showed the highest values for the essential elements in both pelagic and demersal species. However, the pelagic species had the highest biochemical composition levels during the southwest monsoon. The autumn intermonsoon had the lowest bio-profile for the fishes of both regimes.
 The summer season, which is not thought to be good for fish consumption, showed the highest biochemical composition levels in the pelagic fish. The nutritional profile of fish flesh can be affected by feeding habits, seasonal variation, and habitat.

Impact of different zinc concentrations on growth, yield, fruit quality, and nutrient acquisition traits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) grown under salinity stress

Salinity stress affects plant growth, development, nutrient uptake, and yield. Applications of micronutrients, specifically zinc (Zn), can mitigate the harmful consequences of salt stress. During the winter season of 2022, an experiment was conducted in the net house of BINA substation Satkhira, Bangladesh, to examine the impact of different Zn concentrations (5 and 10 kg ha-1) on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) growth, yield, fruit quality, and nutrient acquisition abilities under different salt stress (SS) conditions (SS0.5%, SS1.0%, and SS1.5% NaCl). The result of the study showed that different stress conditions lowered the plant height, the number of branches per plant, flower clusters, and fruits per plant, plant yield, vitamin C, protein and lycopene contents, and the acquisition of different nutrients, i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). The application of 10 kg Zn ha-1 (Zn10) increased all previously mentioned parameters in both saline and usual conditions. On the other hand, a decrease in the amount of Na in fruit was observed when Zn application was increased from 5 to 10 kg ha-1. Plant Na/K ratios were consequently lowest at the highest Zn concentration. Therefore, the findings indicate that Zn application improves tomato growth, yield, fruit quality, and nutrient acquisition traits by mitigating the negative impacts of saline environments.

The gemological characteristics of yellow seawater bead-cultured pearl farming in Beihai City, southern China

In this study, we comparatively investigated the gemological and fine-microstructural characteristics of yellow seawater pearls cultured in Pinctada fucata martensii using X-ray computed microtomography (μ-CT) analysis, ultraviolet-visible (UV−Vis) reflectance spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and Laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (LA−ICP−MS). Detection of the nacre thickness indicated that the average nacre thickness varied from 0.17 to 1.35 mm, and further theoretical calculations showed that the nacre accounted for about 15–68% of the whole pearl by volume. For yellow or light-yellow pearls, the spectroscopy results showed characteristic patterns such as certain distinct absorption features around 360, 400, 430, and 450 nm in the UV−Vis reflection spectra and the organic pigment-related peaks at approximately 1130 and 1530 cm–1 in the Raman spectra. Furthermore, dominant aragonite peak intensities were observed in the PL spectra of these samples, with the ratio between the overall fluorescence intensity (F) and the height of the main aragonite peak (A) consistently below 5. SEM observations showed that multiple amorphous structures, mainly composed of aragonite, coexisted in the nacre in these portions of the pearls, one of which was closely adjacent to the nucleus of the pearl. In addition, LA-ICP-MS analysis clearly revealed the nacre of the outer saltwater layers and the inner freshwater nucleus. Interestingly, we directly observed that the quantities of Na and Mg in the nacre were higher than that those in the freshwater nucleus. These findings substantially enhanced our knowledge of gemological, mineralogical, and fine-microstructural characteristics of as-grown yellow seawater pearls. Most importantly, this study revealed some key characteristics that could be used to identify imitation and color-treated yellow pearls and further guide the pearl production.

Highly efficient removal of Cs(I) using the magnetically separable potassium ferrocyanide: Mechanism, economic analysis, and impact insights

Cs nuclides, originating from nuclear weapon tests or compromised nuclear power plants are highly mobile and easily migrate among environmental media, eventually bio-accumulating in the human body and causing serious disease. Reliable and highly efficient removal of Cs(I) ions from radioactive wastewater is of great importance. Herein, a novel magnetic potassium ferrocyanide nanocomposite, viz. K4Fe(CN)6@Fe3O4, was rationally designed for Cs(I) removal. Through a well-controlled in-situ growth method, potassium ferrocyanide [K4Fe(CN)6, KFC] nanocrystals were in-situ grown onto the surface of Fe3O4 nanospheres forming KFC@Fe3O4 nanocomposite. The Cs(I) removal rate of KFC@Fe3O4 can reach over 95% within a relatively short time. Even in the presence of considerable amounts of Na+, Ca2+ and NH4+ ions, KFC@Fe3O4 maintained a considerably high removal rate. KFC@Fe3O4 yielded a relatively lager saturation magnetization value, enabling its rapid separation from the reaction system by introducing an external magnetic field. Notably the embedded potassium in KFC@Fe3O4 plays a vital role in Cs(I) exchange process. The experimental results underscore the superior performance of KFC@Fe3O4 as a potential Cs(I) adsorbent in wastewater. The implications of this study reach extend beyond mere technological advancements, highlighting that the application of this novel methodology for nuclear wastewater treatment requires the engagement of a broad spectrum of potential users. Overall, this study elucidated the mechanism of Cs(I) removal by KFC@Fe3O4, ad developed an eco-friendly and cost-effective strategy for radioactive wastewater purification, while deliberating on the advantages and potential challenges of scaling up the material and process for future application.

Improving Salt Leaching in a Simulated Saline Soil Column by Compost and Biochar in Vietnamese Mekong Delta

The problem of seawater intrusion in recent years has been serious in the coastal provinces of the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta. For rice cultivation in salt-affected areas, more effective techniques are required to remediate the saline soils for lowing salinity to secure rice growth and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential reclamation of compost and biochar in laboratory experiment using a saline soil sample from the rice cropping system. Our hypothesis was that the addition of compost and biochar might improve the infiltration rate, resulted in more effectively salts removing from saline soil. The experiment was set up with compost and biochar at rates of 5 g kg-1, 10 g kg-1 and 20 g kg-1, respectively and 10 g kg-1 compost combined with 10 g kg-1 biochar. Soil chemical characteristics such as amount of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ cations removed from soil into eluent by leaching, soil availabe N, P after finishing leaching were analyzed. Results indicated that all compost and biochar amendments enhanced Na+ leaching process. This study proved that material amendment such as 20g kg-1 biochar and 10g kg-1 compost plus 10g kg-1 biochar could speed up water infiltration. Compost additions increase the available N and P content in the soil after leaching. Available N and P contents have not been improved in treatments supplemented with biochar.

Investigation of Stability and Underlying Mechanism of Unstable Subgrades Loess Modified by Carbide Slag in Road Construction Projection

The repurposing of carbide slag (CS) coupled with the advancement of eco-friendly engineering methodologies promises a novel approach to addressing the technical challenges inherent in loess refinement. This inquiry delves into the feasibility of employing CS as an economically viable and ecologically sustainable remedy to amplify the engineering attributes of loess within the context of optimal preservation. In this investigation, assorted quantities of CS, spanning from 1% to 6%, were infused into the loess. The efficacy of CS as an additive was ascertained through a comprehensive array of tests administered across varied curing durations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days), concentrating on its influence over the soil’s mechanical attributes. The study conducted various tests such as dual hydrometer, Attberg limit, specific gravity, compaction, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), consolidation, physico-chemical properties (pH, conductivity), and chemical analysis (sodium percentage and sodium adsorption rate). The study demonstrated that the incorporation of CS into loess resulted in an increase in hydraulic conductivity, UCS, and optimum water content while reducing maximum dry density, plasticity, and compressibility. Specifically, the application of 6% CS resulted in a significant 6.7-fold increase in UCS from 226.8 (kPa) to 1508.8 (kPa) over a 30-day curing period. It was also observed that the addition of CS and curing period resulted in a decrease in soil pH from 8.5 to 7.5 and an increase in electrical conductivity (EC) from 250 to 490 μs/cm. When the CS concentration was increased to 6%, the amount of Na+ ions, the total soluble salts, and the percentage of Na in the loess decreased. The phenomenon can be ascribed to the replacement of Ca2+ for Na+, leading to a more slender, diffuse double layer and heightened stability. The application of calcium silicate in loess subgrades enhances their stability and potency, concurrently providing an ecologically sound waste management resolution. Consequently, it emerges as a profoundly viable choice for ameliorating loess within the realm of the construction sector.

A Novel Alkali Precipitation Method for Tungsten Separation and High‐Precision Isotopic Measurement in Geological Samples

Tungsten (W) isotopes are useful tools in geological and cosmochemical research, but the chemical separation of W is cumbersome for high‐precision measurement. Here, a novel alkali (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) precipitation method for separation and purification of W in geological samples is described, which simplifies the chemical procedure. The amphoteric character of W is exploited to separate it from most matrix elements in alkaline conditions. Subsequently, TEVA resin was applied to further purify W for measurements using a multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometer. Importantly, the introduction of a certain amount of Na in the W analyte can increase the signal intensity by approximately 1.6 times, which may be caused by Coulomb fission. Such Na‐triggered signal enhancement reduces the test portion mass required for analysis. Our results show that the Alfa Aesar W standard solution and geological reference materials JB‐3, BCR‐2 and BHVO‐2 yield 182W/184W ratios consistent with previously reported values within uncertainty. Repeated measurement of the Alfa Aesar W standard solution shows that the intermediate precision of 182W/184W was better than 5 ppm (2s), which is sufficient to identify subtle 182W isotope variations in terrestrial and extra‐terrestrial samples. Above all, the alkali precipitation method in this study optimises the experimental process and mass spectrometric analysis.

CO2 conversion into hydrocarbons via modified Fischer-Tropsch synthesis by using bulk iron catalysts combined with zeolites

To effectively address the challenges posed by global warming, a prompt and coordinated effort is necessary to conduct an extensive study aimed at reducing CO2 emissions and overcoming the obstacles presented by expensive and scarce fossil fuel resources. This study primarily focuses on comparing two different methodologies for preparing Na-promoted Fe3O4-based catalysts for the CO2 hydrogenation into hydrocarbon mixtures. Three catalysts were synthesized and tested: two samples were impregnated with a different amount of Na (1 wt% and 5 wt%), while a third one was obtained via coprecipitation with NaOH. As the latter catalyst exhibited the best performance, it was combined with zeolites in two ways: physical mixtures and core-shell structures. MFI-type zeolites were used in both configurations and a conventional structure was compared to a hierarchical one. As a result, mesopores increased successfully both the CO2 conversion from 37% to 40% and the liquid hydrocarbon (C6+) selectivity from 29% to 57%, doubling the C6+ yield. On the other hand, NH3-TPD and XPS measurements demonstrated that the intimate contact between the two materials in the core-shell structures led to the migration of Na from the oxide to the zeolite reducing the concentration of strong acid sites and, consequently, the liquid hydrocarbon yield.

Effect of sodium ions doping on structure and spectral properties of γ-Ce2S3 microcrystals

Rare earth sulfides are environmentally friendly and have excellent physical optoelectronic properties and coloring applications. In particular, red γ-Ce2S3 is an important and popular inorganic optical functional material. However, it has become crucial to improve the production efficiency of γ-Ce2S3 and its color performance and stability. By adding ammonium thiocyanate to the precursor, eco-friendly γ-Ce2S3 with excellent color performance was produced in this study. In addition, the effect of different amounts of Na+ doping on the final product's purity and the effect of chroma value were systematically investigated. Results show that an increase in Na+ can effectively lower the synthesis temperature of γ-Ce2S3, improve production efficiency, and optimize color performance prior to saturation. Finally, using density functional theory, the influence of the vacancy structure of γ-Ce2S3 and the change of energy band after the addition of Na+ were calculated, and a detailed experimental characterization in conjunction with density functional theory calculation thoroughly explained the significance of ion doping for reaction synthesis.

Sodium incorporation in foraminiferal calcite: An evaluation of the Na/Ca salinity proxy and evidence for multiple Na-bearing phases

The ratio of sodium to calcium (Na/Ca) in foraminiferal calcite has been proposed as a proxy for salinity, yet relatively little is known about the incorporation of sodium into the shells of foraminifera. Ongoing debates include the location of Na in the calcite crystal lattice, the possibility that at least some Na might be complexed with organics, and the influence of spines/spine bases. We present new Na/Ca measurements, determined using both solution and laser ablation ICP-MS, of the planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white) from plankton tows and sediment traps spanning a wide salinity range (32.5–40.7 salinity units), laboratory cultures under varying carbonate chemistry, and globally-distributed core-top samples. Our results show that Na/Ca in recently living foraminifera measured by laser ablation ICP-MS is elevated by up to 5 mmol/mol (∼85%) relative to the same samples measured by solution ICP-MS (the same comparison for Mg/Ca shows excellent agreement between the techniques). Na/Ca in recently living foraminifera measured by laser ablation ICP-MS displays a significant relationship with salinity above ∼36 salinity units with a slope of ∼0.7 mmol/mol/salinity unit; however, only a weak relationship is observed between salinity and Na/Ca measured by solution ICP-MS. We propose that Na is incorporated in at least two discrete phases; a primary phase within the CaCO3 mineral, and a (or likely multiple) secondary phase(s). Possibilities for these secondary phases include residual metastable CaCO3, fluid inclusions, high Na/Ca spine bases, and organics. These secondary phases contribute to spatially-resolved analyses (i.e. laser ablation ICP-MS) of recently living foraminifera but are removed by crushing/oxidative cleaning for solution ICP-MS, and during early diagenesis, as evidenced by the agreement between laser analysis of coretop samples and Na/Ca measured by solution. The amount of one of these secondary phases, or the amount of Na within this phase, appears to vary as a function of salinity, and is likely the principal driver of the previously observed steep Na/Ca-salinity relationship in recently living foraminifera analysed by laser ablation. Overall, we find salinity, temperature, carbonate chemistry, and bottom water saturation state (Ωcalcite) all have a significant but relatively weak effect on Na/Ca in the primary calcite phase. As such, Na/Ca in planktonic foraminifera recovered from sediment cores is unlikely to find widespread utility as a salinity proxy.

ZEOLITIZATION OF COAL WASTE AS Cu(II) ION ADSORBENT

TZeolization of coal waste was carried out as an adsorbent for Cu(II) ions. Fly ash tailings were collected from Lati Steam Power Plant (SPP) Berau and tested using SEM instruments, X-ray diffraction and AAS. Synthetic zeolites are prepared by hydrothermal reaction under alkaline and alkaline conditions. Characterization of the synthetic zeolite using SEM has formed a zeolite material with a pore size >10 µm and shows an increase in the amount of Na from 3.06% to 11.82%. XRD results show that Na-P1 zeolite is formed at the main top of 2θ16, 30, 33, 10 and 40, 80, and the relative intensities are 34, 31 and 36, respectively. In addition, elemental materials such as silica and mullite are continuously formed on the main top of 2θ26.50 and 26.10, the relative strength of silica is 100, and the relative strength of mullite is 57.9. The optimum adsorption capacity of zeolite for maximum copper ion was 80.330% at pH=4, 97.958% at 150 mg adsorbent weight, and 94.550% at 50 min contact time. The formation of these new materials significantly improved the adsorption capacity of fly ash under optimal conditions of pH = 4, sorbent weight of 150 mg, and contact time of 50 min.

Effects of freeze‐dried black carrot fiber addition on the physicochemical, color, sensory attributes, and mineral contents of ayran

AbstractThe present study was conducted to evaluate the production of ayran by adding freeze‐dried black carrot fiber at different ratios (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%), followed by its storage for 14 days. It turned out that the more the amount of black carrot added, the more the amounts of Na, Mg, K, and Ca, though the sensory scores decreased. While pH, titratable acidity, viscosity, whey separation, and acetaldehyde contents of ayran were not affected by black carrot addition (p > .05), water‐holding capacity, volatile fatty acids, L*, a*, and b* values appeared to be significantly affected (p < .05). The highest and lowest a* values were determined on the 1st (A1: 7.09) and 14th (C: −1.24) days, respectively. Higher L*, b*, and volatile fatty acid values were found in the ayran sample containing 0.25% black carrot fiber (A1) following the control samples. Apart from the water‐holding capacity of ayran, no significant change occurred in other properties during storage (p > .05). The highest water‐holding capacity was observed in A2 (19.53%) on the 14th day of storage. The ayran‐containing 0.25% black carrot fiber presented the best results. Fortification of ayran with black carrot fiber is likely to make a significant contribution to the diversification of functional dairy products.Novelty impact statementFreeze‐drying of black carrot will enable to obtain rich color substances in its composition, reduce transportation, and storage costs, and provide a product with a longer shelf life. This study has aimed to increase the consumption of high‐fiber black carrot, which is freeze‐dried and powdered, by adding it into ayran, and to benefit from the rich nutritional content of black carrot, as well as developing a natural, nutritious, and highly appealing product for consumers. As a consequence, an important contribution will be made to the product diversification in the dairy industry. The functional properties that black carrot will bring to ayran will ultimately benefit public health.

Determining the level of essential elements in patients with Ewing Sarcoma: A correlation

BackgroundMetal ion aberrant metabolism is essential for health and disease, and its research has sparked a lot of interest. This study aims to compare the critical mineral resources—magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and potassium (K)—in biological materials (scalp hair, blood, and serum) of 87 Ewing Sarcoma (ES) hypertensive men and women, age range 31–60 years, in an urban area, with 62 nonhypertensive subjects from the same age range and living area. MethodsAn atomic-absorption spectrophotometer was used after microwave-induced acid digestion to determine elemental concentrations. The results' authenticity and precision were verified using a traditional wet acid digestion procedure and accredited reference materials. The average convalesces from all elements have been within the 99.2%–99.7% of certified values. ResultsIn the biological samples from patients with ES hypertension, the amount of Na was found to be higher than in controls. Patients with ES hypertension had lower Mg, K, and Ca levels in their biological samples (scalp hair and blood) than healthy controls of both genders. ConclusionsCa, Mg, and K deficiency can work with other ES hypertension risk factors. These findings will help physicians and other healthcare professionals determine the depletion of essential micronutrients in the biological samples (blood and scalp hair) of patients with hypertension. After microwave-induced acid digestion, the elemental concentration was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results' authenticity and precision were confirmed using a traditional wet-acid digestion procedure and accredited oriented materials. The average recoveries from all elements have been within the 99.2%–99.7% of certified values.

Diagenetic Fluid and Its Impact on Sandstone Reservoirs in the Southern Boxing Sag, Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China

Diagenesis typically exerts a crucial impact on the formation of high-quality sandstone reservoirs in the Eocene Shahejie Formation, Dongying Depression. To better understand the formation process of petrophysical properties, this research conducts petrographic and geochemical analyses to investigate the nature of diagenetic fluids. Petrographic observations suggest that the dominant cements are carbonate, authigenic quartz, and clay minerals, accompanied with the dissolution of feldspar and calcite. The homogenization temperature of aqueous inclusions in quartz overgrowth usually exceeds 90°C corresponding to the maturity of organic matter. Quartz overgrowths contain higher amounts of CaO and Al2O3 than detrital quartz. This indicates that the siliceous fluid mainly originates from the dissolution of feldspar. Moreover, the conversion of clay minerals also provides trace amounts of silica into pore water during the burial process. Carbonate cements consist of early-stage calcite as well as late-stage Fe-calcite and ankerite. Calcite with relatively higher MnO proportions shows yellow luminescence and dissolution signs. Fe-calcite and ankerite cements have a higher homogenization temperature than that of quartz overgrowth and mainly concentrate in FeO and MgO as well as contain a small amount of Na+, K+, and Sr2+. The rare earth element (REE) pattern of bulk mudstone and carbonate cements as well as C–O isotopic evidences indicate that the diagenetic fluids of carbonate cementation are primarily controlled by the adjacent mudstone, whereas mineral dissolution and altered clay minerals in sandstone provide additional cations for the local reprecipitation of late-stage carbonate. Therefore, diagenetic fluids within sandstone reservoirs are typically subject to alkaline–acid–alkaline conditions and are influenced by internal sources in a closed system. Compaction significantly reduces the pore space of sandstone reservoirs in the Boxing Sag. Carbonate cementation further increases the complexity of pore structure and obeys the principle of mass balance.

盐胁迫对3种平欧杂种榛幼苗叶片解剖结构及离子吸收、运输与分配的影响

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 盐胁迫对3种平欧杂种榛幼苗叶片解剖结构及离子吸收、运输与分配的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202102260542 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31960324） Effects of salt stress on leaf anatomical structure and ion absorption, transportation and distribution of three Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut seedlings Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31960324) 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:研究盐胁迫下3个品种平欧杂种榛幼苗叶片解剖结构和离子代谢特征，以揭示盐胁迫响应与适应机制及不同品种的耐盐性差异。以‘达维’、‘辽榛7号’、‘玉坠’2年生压条苗为材料，在盆栽条件下经轻度、中度、重度（分别为50、100、200 mmol/L NaCl）盐胁迫处理，设对照为0，研究幼苗叶片显微解剖结构参数和Na+、K+、Cl-、Ca2+含量的变化及其在根、茎、叶中的吸收、运输和分配特征。不同品种平欧杂种榛叶片厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度随着盐胁迫程度的增强呈现出先增加后降低的特点，轻度和中度胁迫下各参数显著高于对照。中度盐胁迫显著提高了各品种叶片结构紧密度。盐胁迫导致平欧杂种榛根、茎、叶Na+和Cl-含量明显高于对照。盐胁迫下，Na+和Cl-在叶中的绝对含量明显高于茎和根，但二者的增幅以根中最大，叶中最小，表明平欧杂种榛根系首先会吸收并截留一定数量的Na+和Cl-，然后将其运输至茎和叶中。与对照相比，轻度和中度盐胁迫下根、茎对K+和Ca2+的吸收保持稳定或减少，叶对K+和Ca2+的吸收则有所增加，重度胁迫下根、茎、叶K+含量以及茎、叶中Ca2+含量显著减少。盐胁迫导致不同品种平欧杂种榛根、茎、叶K+/Na+比和Ca2+/Na+比显著降低。随着盐胁迫程度的增强，不同品种平欧杂种榛从根到叶以及从茎到叶的SK+，Na+和SCa2+，Na+均表现为先升高后降低的趋势，盐胁迫对‘辽榛7号’和‘玉坠’从根到茎的SK+，Na+影响不显著。盐胁迫下，平欧杂种榛叶片通过一系列形态结构的调整来适应盐渍化生境，在积累盐离子的同时，通过加强对K+和Ca2+的选择性吸收和运输能力来维持体内的离子平衡以及较高的K+/Na+和Ca2+/Na+比，进而维持盐胁迫下机体正常的生理代谢活动。盐胁迫下‘辽榛7号’表现出更强的形态与生理适应性，其耐盐性强于‘达维’和‘玉坠’。 Abstract:This study investigated the leaf anatomical structure and ion metabolism characteristics of seedlings of three Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut varieties under salt stress, to reveal the salt stress response and adaptation mechanism, and the salt tolerance differences of different varieties. Three Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut varieties (Dawei, Liaozhen 7, Yuzhui) were selected as testing materials. The two-year-old seedlings were treated with control, mild, moderate and severe salt stress (0, 50, 100, and 200 mmol/L NaCl concentrations, respectively) in a pot experiment. Subsequently, the leaf microanatomic structure parameters and the variation of ions (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+) content were analyzed. The absorption, transportation and distribution of these ions in roots, stems and leaves were investigated. With the increase of salt stress, the leaf thickness, upper epidermis thickness, lower epidermis thickness, palisade tissue and spongy tissue thickness of different Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut varieties increased first and then decreased, and these parameters under mild and moderate stress were significantly higher than those of the control group. The moderate salt stress significantly improved the leaf structure tightness of all varieties. Compared with the control, salt stress significantly increased the Na+ and Cl- content in roots, stems and leaves of Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut. Under salt stress, the absolute contents of Na+ and Cl- in leaves were significantly higher than those in stems and roots, however, the increase of the two was the largest in roots and the smallest in leaves, which indicated that the roots of Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut could absorb and intercept a certain amount of Na+ and Cl- and then transport them to stems and leaves. Compared with the control, the absorption of K+ and Ca2+ by roots and stems remained stable or decreased under mild and moderate salt stress, while K+ content in roots, stems and leaves and Ca2+ content in leaves and stems decreased significantly under severe salt stress. Salt stress significantly reduced the K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios in roots, stems and leaves. With the increase of salt stress, the SK+,Na+ and SCa2+,Na+ from root to leaf and from stem to leaf of different Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut varieties increased first and then decreased. The effects of salt stress on SK+,Na+ from root to stem of Liaozhen 7 and Yuzhui were not significant. Under salt stress, the leaves of Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut could adapt to the saline habitat through a series of morphological structure adjustment. When accumulating salt ions, Ping'ou hybrid hazelnut could enhance the selective absorption and transportation capacity of K+ and Ca2+ to maintain the ion balance and high K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ ratios, so as to maintain the normal physiological and metabolic activities under salt stress. The Liaozhen 7 showed stronger morphological and physiological adaptability to salt stress, and its salt tolerance was stronger than that of Dawei and Yuzhui. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Microwave dielectric properties of Na+-substituted CaMg0.9Li0.2Si2O6 ceramics

Ceramics with low dielectric constant are widely used in high frequency substrates. The low temperature sintered CaMg0.9-xNa2xLi0.2Si2O6(x = 0–0.05 and 0.1) ceramics with low dielectric constant and dielectric loss were prepared by the traditional solid-state reaction method, with 0.5wt%LBSCA additive. The XRD patterns of the samples were obtained by X-ray diffraction and it was found that there were three ceramic components, CaMgSi2O6, CaSiO3 and Na2MgSiO4, which indicated that the experimental sample was a multiphase ceramic system. Through the trend of bulk density as functions of the content of substitution and the change of SEM morphology, it could be found that appropriate amount of Na+ substitution can promote the grain growing and the densification of ceramics. Results demonstrated that both the Q × f and εr were relevant to bulk density and the second phase. The τf was also affected by the second phase to some extent. In particular, the ceramics sintered at 925 °C for 3h possessed the desirable microwave dielectric properties for LTCC application: εr = 7.03, Q × f = 17,956 GHz, and τf= −79 ppm/°C.

Differences in the Effects of Calcium and Magnesium Ions on the Anammox Granular Properties to Alleviate Salinity Stress

Divalent cations were known to alleviate salinity stress on anammox bacteria. Understanding the mechanism of reducing the salinity stress on anammox granules is essential for the application of the anammox process for saline wastewater treatment. In this study, the effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ augmentation on the recovery of the activity of freshwater anammox granules affected by salinity stress was evaluated. At the condition of a salinity stress of 5 g NaCl/L, the specific anammox activity (SAA) of the granule decreased to 50% of that of the SAA without NaCl treatment. Augmentation of Ca2+ at the optimum concentration of 200 mg/L increased the SAA up to 78% of the original activity, while the augmentation of Mg2+ at the optimum concentration of 70 mg/L increased the SAA up to 71%. EPS production in the granules was increased by the augmentation of divalent cations compared with the granules affected by salinity stress. In the soluble EPS, the ratio of protein to polysaccharides was higher in the granules augmented by Ca2+ than with Mg2+, and the functional groups of the EPS differed from each other. The amount of Na+ sequestered in the soluble EPS was increased by the augmentation of divalent cations, which seems to contribute to the alleviation of salinity stress. Ca. Kuenenia-like anammox bacteria, which were known to be salinity stress-tolerant, were predominant in the granules and there was no significant difference in the microbial community of the granules by the salinity stress treatment. Our results suggest that the alleviation effect of the divalent cations on the salinity stress on the anammox granules might be associated with the increased production of different EPS rather than in changes to the anammox bacteria.

Variation of Minerals Content and Some Bioactive Compound in Some Wild and Cultivated Edible Plants Grown Naturally in Kastamonu Region

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional and some bioactive compounds like pigment, total phenolic, amino acid, and ascorbic acid of nine species as Capsella-bursa pastoris L., Chenopodium album L., Echinophora tenuifolia L., Malva sylvestris L., Trachystemon orientalis L., Tragopon reticulatus L., and three woody species as Asparagus acutifolius L., Smilax excelsa L., and Vitis vinifera L., which are widely consumed in Kastamonu region. All species were taken from the local market in the second week of May 2019. According to the result, K was the most abundant macronutrient ranged from 20 470 to 65 410 mg kg-1, followed by Ca, Mg, and P. The amount of Na, Cl, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co of samples Mn was in the range 100.4-3 280, 759.5-13 930, 77.6-4 298, 8.2-25.3, 9.40-25.4, 307-1 590 and 3.9-11.21 mg kg-1, respectively. In terms of chemical constituents, T. orientalis, V. vinifera, M. sylvestris, and T. reticulatus are the richest species with the high level of total chlorophyll, β-carotene, lycopene, phenolics, free amino acid, glycine betaine, ascorbic acid, but S. excelsa and C. album are two poorest species. As a result, T. orientalis, M. sylvestris, V. vinifera, and T. retiqulatus were the richest species in terms of total phenolics, amino acid, chlorophyll, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, but S. excelsa and C. album were the two poorest species. Considering all data, it can be said that these species were found significantly beneficial in terms of mineral sources have the potential to provide essential nutrients and antioxidant compounds to the consumers.