Amount Of Milk Production Research Articles

The effect of back and breast massage on the amount of milk and anxiety level of mothers with preterm birth: A randomized controlled study

AimThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of back and breast massage on the amount of milk production and level of anxiety in mothers with preterm birth. MethodThe study was carried out with 36 mothers who had preterm delivery June 2021–May 2022 in a Maternity Hospital in Türkiye. ResultsNo difference was found between groups amount of breast-milk in first and second day. However, compared to the control group, the amount of breast-milk was found to be significantly higher in the group that received back and breast massage (p < 0.05) in the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh day. The state of anxiety scores of the mothers in experimental groups at sixth week were found to be significantly lower than control group (p < 0.01). ConclusionThe amount of expressed breast-milk with back and breast massage was higher than the mothers in the control group and their state anxiety scores were lower.

A Study on Effectiveness of Dairy Farming Related Front Line Demonstrations of Krishi Vigyan Kendra Shivamogga on Knowledge Level of Dairy Farmers

The lack of transfer of technology from research system to the client system is the main problem in increasing animal husbandry production in the developing world. The quality and quantity of milk production can be increased if farmer fallows scientific dairy farming practices. This is possible through the FLDs as it is an important and appropriate extension method which makes it possible to disseminate technology to the final user. It has played significant role in increasing the knowledge and adoption of scientific dairy farming practices by dairy farmers; thus, the present study was undertaken to assess the knowledge level of dairy farmers. The present study was conducted with the help of Ex-post facto research design with a sample size of 60 FLD beneficiaries and 60 Non beneficiaries. The knowledge level of respondents about scientific dairy management practices were checked in following subheadings viz knowledge about breeding, feed and feeding practices, health of dairy animals and other management practices in dairy farming and it is found that FLD beneficiaries had more knowledge in scientific dairy farming than non-beneficiaries. The probable reason for high knowledge among beneficiaries might be that the beneficiaries have been benefited by different extension activities, input supply and acquired guidance from research scientists of KVK through FLD’s showing that the FLD’s conducted by KVK were effective.

Optimizing hormonal and amino acid combinations for enhanced cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in bovine mammary epithelial cells.

The number of bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) is closely associated with the quantity of milk production in dairy cows; however, the optimal levels and the combined effects of hormones and essential amino acids (EAAs) on cell proliferation are not completely understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the optimal combination of individual hormones and EAAs for cell proliferation and related signaling pathways in BMECs. Immortalized BMECs (MAC-T) were treated with six hormones (insulin, cortisol, progesterone, estrone, 17β-estradiol, and epidermal growth factor) and ten EAAs (arginine, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, tryptophan, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, and valine) for 24 h. Cells were cultured in a medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) as FBS supplemented at a concentration of 10% to 50% showed a comparable increase in cell proliferation rate. The optimized combination of four hormones (insulin, cortisol, progesterone, and 17β-estradiol) and 20% of a mixture of ten EAAs led to the highest cell proliferation rate, which led to a significant increase in cell cycle progression at the S and G2/M phases, in the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin B1, cell nucleus staining, and in cell numbers. The optimal combination of hormones and EAAs increased BMEC proliferation by enhancing cell cycle progression in the S and G/2M phases. Our findings indicate that optimizing hormone and amino acid levels has the potential to enhance milk production, both in cell culture settings by promoting increased cell numbers, and in dairy cows by regulating feed intake.

Effect of Phosphorus and Zinc on Fodder Yield and Quality of Leguminous Fodder: Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.)

The contribution of the livestock sector to the Indian Economy is 4.11% of its total GDP and it is nearly 25.6% for total agricultural GDP. Small and marginal farmers are mainly attached to the mixed farming of field crops and dairy animals. Farmers get regular income from their dairy unit and also use dairy animals as economic security. Though India comes under the highest livestock populated countries, the production of milk is lower than expected because of improper feeding quality. Through the last two decades, the demand and price of milk both increase gradually, and farmers are not getting that much profit because of their dependency on ready cattle food. The gross profit after the selling of milk is nearly equal to the feeding expenditure. For the use of paddy straw as dry fodder, the quality and quantity of milk production are decreased. So, green fodder is the best option for livestock as it contains adequate nutrients as well as crude fibre. Among the fodder and forage crops, berseem is the second maximum cultivated fodder crop which possesses a 2 million ha area of fodder crops in India. There are several advantages of berseem as a fodder crop such as a short-duration crop, multi-cut nature, the capability of higher biomass production, the presence of a good amount of crude protein, cellulose, total digestible nutrients and succulent nature. Though Phosphorus and zinc play an antagonistic effect on each other, both are required for the growth and development of berseem crops. From cellular respiration to enzymatic reactions, phosphorus is essential for completing several metabolic activities. Zinc is related to yield and fodder quality by completing plant metabolisms like carbohydrates and auxin production. Adequate management practice is required to maintain the concentration of both nutrients at an optimum level. In Indian soil, zinc is deficient and phosphorus is mostly present in organic form. So, the use of biofertilizers will be effective to convert those complex nutrients form into simple and available for the plant.

Estimating Economic Returns of Sheep and Goat Rearing in Karak Governorate

This study aims to estimate the economic returns of sheep and goat rearing as well as total cost and returns to identify the profit margin made by out each farmer. The random sample consists of 196 breeders who breed 58240, sheep and goats in the Karak governorate of Jordan. The sample represents 13% of the total sheep and goat population (445300) in Karak. The primary data were collected through personal interviews with farmers using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to achieve the study objectives and consisted of three themes. The first theme was questioning the variables that relate to the farmer’s personal characteristics (demography). The second theme contains a set of questions regarding financial production cost and return parameters during the milking season including the marketing process. The third theme consists of information about the return from selling individual sheep and goats and products such as wool and manure. The collected data from the questionnaire were statistically analyzed following Likert 5 Scale The financial analysis was conducted using Gross margin analysis. The findings of the analysis show that 52.6% of farmers were above 50 years old. the average size of the herd was 297. The variable cost for the herd was 13067.98, Jordanian Dinar, while the total returns were 17104.54, JOD, and the Gross margin ratio was 0.23599. The amount of milk production was (3,494.4) tons in a season lasting 3 months on average. The average prices of milk of goats and sheep are 1.1 and 0.87 JOD/kg, respectively, Moreover, 53.3% of the farmers processed the domestically produced milk into Jameed, butter, and margarine. The result of the analysis of gross margin was 30%, indicating the sheep and goats rearing projects make profits in Karak Governorate. The study recommends that a national program should be developed to maintain local breeds, set appropriate standards, and define trademarks for the local production of Jameed and domestic margarine.

COMPARATIVE STUDY: EFFECT OF PAIN INTENSITY ON BREAST MILK PRODUCTION IN POST SECTIO CAESARIAN MOTHERS WITH ERACS (ENHANCED RECOVERY AFTER CESAREAN SURGERY) AND CONVENTIONAL STUDY METHODS IN THE PUBLIC ROOM UMMI HOSPITAL BOGOR

Delivery by sectio caesarea can cause pain intensity from mild to severe which affects the mobilization of post-op sectio caesarea so that it inhibits early breastfeeding mothers. This study aims to determine the difference in the effect of pain intensity on breast milk production in post-op sectio caesarea mothers with ERACS and conventional methods in the postpartum room at UMMI Hospital Bogor. This study uses a comparative causal design method with a cross sectional approach. Data were taken from the postpartum ward of UMMI Hospital Bogor in May 2022. Respondents from this study were post sectio caesarea mothers with ERACS and conventional methods who met the inclusion criteria. The sampling technique is the Non Probability Sampling technique with the Consecutive Sampling method, with 56 samples consisting of 28 respondents from the ERACS method and 28 respondents from the conventional method. Collecting data using questionnaires and observation sheets. Data analysis used univariate analysis presented in the frequency distribution table, while bivariate data used Independent sample T test and chi-square test. From the results of the study, it was found that the lighter intensity was found in respondents using the ERACS method with a percentage of 32.1% (8 respondents). In the intensity of severe pain there are many respondents with conventional methods with a percentage of 30.4% (17 respondents). Breast milk production in post sectio caesarea mothers with less amount, is mostly found in conventional methods with a percentage of 25% (14 respondents). The amount of milk production that is quite a lot is found in the ERACS method with a percentage of 25% (14 respondents). And based on the independent sample T Test, there was a significant difference in the intensity of post-op sectio caesarea pain in mothers with the ERACS method and the conventional method (p=0.000), and there was also a significant difference in the production of post-op sectio caesarea breast milk in mothers with the ERACS method and the ERACS method. conventional (p=0.000). From the results of the chi-square test, there is a significant effect between the intensity of pain in post sectio caesarea mothers with the ERACS method and breast milk production (p = 0.023), and a significant effect between pain intensity in conventional post sectio mothers and breast milk production (p = 0.000) The conclusion of this study is that there is a difference in the effect of pain intensity on milk production in the ERACS and conventional methods.

Production of recombinant proteins including the B-cell epitopes of autolysin A of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical sheep mastitis and their potential for vaccine development.

Staphylococcus aureus is the most common clinical mastitis-associated pathogen in sheep which contributes to reduced welfare of affected animals and, therefore, compromises the quality and quantity of milk production. To prevent mastitis and its spread, it is essential to guarantee adequate breeding conditions and animal health, through the adoption of good farm management practices and the application of suitable biosecurity measures. Vaccination can play a strategic role in prevention, control, and eradication of diseases. The identification of secreted and cellular antigens of the predominant sheep-CC130/ST700/t1773 lineage would assist in the design of effective vaccine against mammary infections caused by S. aureus. In the current study, we carried out a 3D structural prediction analysis with the identification of the best B cell epitopes of the whole and secreted portion of S. aureus AtlA. Fragments of atlA, containing the main predicted epitopes, were amplified, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli for recombinant protein production. Two selected clones produced recombinant proteins (rAtl4 and rAtl8) showing strong reactivity with a hyperimmune serum against the native AtlA and with blood sera collected from sheep with clinical S. aureus mastitis. These may represent potential candidate protein-based vaccines able to elicit a protective immune response to be evaluated by vaccination and subsequent challenge of the vaccinated sheep.

PREVALENCE OF MASTITIS IN NILI RAVI BUFFALO HERD AT LIVESTOCK EXPERIMENT STATION BHUNIKEY, PATTOKI

Mastitis is one of the major and keen parameter for quality and quantity of milkproduction. The recent study was conducted to estimate the occurrence rate of mastitis in four differentseasons of the year and its therapeutic cure in Llivestock Experiment Station Nili Ravi Bhunikey. Forthis purpose, the total of 1188 milk samples were screened for mastitis through California MastitisTest. Out of total 1188 milk samples, the prevalence rate of mastitis was 9.7% (27/279) in winter, 14%(40/286) in spring , 7.2% (23/320) in summer and 6% (18/303) in autumn respectively. An overallprevalence rate of mastitis was 9 %( 108/1188).The screened positive samples were subjected toculture on culture media. Seven antibiotics were selected for the fortitude of antibiotic sensitivityagainst the cultured organisms. Antibiotics used in current research were Gentamicin, Enrofloxacin,Amoxycillin, Norfloxacin, Tylosin, Oxytetracycline and Chloramphenicol. The efficacy of thedifferent antibiotics was checked by the configuration of the zone of inhibition. The outcome showedthat the incidence of mastitis was greater in spring and lower in autumn. From selected antibiotics,Enrofloxacin and Gentamycine have resulted in more effective against the cultured organism.

Türkiye's Whey Cheeses

In parallel with the increase in the population in the world, the amount of milk production also increases and a significant part of it is processed into cheese. Whey, which is mostly a by-product of the cheese industry, has a very high nutritional value and is used in the production of different cheeses in various countries. Different whey cheeses can be produced by processes such as thickening of whey by boiling, kneading curd cheese by mixing with different brine solutions, using yoghurt, butter, Çökelek, local herbs etc. in production, maturing in different ways. Ricotta, Mysost, Primost, Mascarpone, Requesón, Serac, Brousse, Zieger, Manouri, Myzithra, Ziger, Urda, Klila etc. are famous whey cheeses in the world. In Türkiye, cheeses such as Lor Peyniri (widely), Tire Çamur Peyniri, Horç, Tort/Dolaz, Kopanisti, Armola, Sepet Loru, Kirlihanım Peyniri, Taze Keş, Sarı Keş, Antakya Sürkü, Antakya Küflü Sürkü, Sirvatka Loru, Dumas Çökeleği, Otlu Lor and Şor Loru are cheeses made from whey. Whey cheeses produced in Türkiye have been dealt with separately or in summary in the literature and gathered in a joint report with this study.

Family Status and its Impacts on Livestock Management in Three Districts of Balkh Province

Background: Balkh is one of the strategic and high populated provinces in the north region of Afghanistan that has 14 districts which occupied 2.5% of the total land area of Afghanistan. Livestock is a dominant sector in the province; however, there is luck of knowledge and information in this regards. Materials and Methods: Primary data were collected from 44 households. The survey contained the questionnaires on family structure including the number of male, female and children per household and education status as well as the type and number of animals, animal diseases, quantity of milk production, source of income and water availability. Findings: Average number of the family member was higher in the Aziz Abad (11.2 persons), while Langar Khana had the lower family number (7 persons). Most of the children were educated in Poshti Bagh (85.1%) but only 27.3% of the children were educated in Dihdadi. There was none of the father and mother educated in Dihdadi. The most populated district was Poshti Bagh with 1400 family residence followed by Haji Kot (400) and Aziz Abad (320), respectively. The highest average number of dairy cattle per family and sheep per family belongs to Aziz Abad. Average number of layer chicken per family was 13.2, 7.5 and 2 in Dihdadi, Balkh and Nahri Shahi districts, respectively. Poshti Bagh had the highest milk production rate (9.8 kg/day) as compared to other villages. Foot and mouth diseases in cows, peste des petits ruminants (ovine rinderpest), parasite in sheep, and Newcastle in chicken are the most common diseases of livestock in the province. Source of drinking water in Poshti Bagh was deep well (20%) and river (80%), while people in Aziz Abad and Haji Kot used hand pumps. Conclusion: In Balkh province, livestock provides great opportunities to the upsurge of income and employment. The most of the dairy production comes from small-scale farms. To support the sustainability of small farms and livelihood in the villages, the supporters (NGOs or government) should focus more on families especially women skills related to livestock sector.

The relationship between the anxiety level of breastfeeding mothers and the amount of milk production in Mothers who have babies aged 1-12 Months in Sigumpar Dangsina Village, Sigumpar Health Center Working Area

Breast milk is a liquid that contains white blood cells, immune substances, enzymes, hormones, and proteins that are suitable for babies. Breast milk is an ideal source of nutrition, rich in food essences that can accelerate the growth of brain cells and the development of the nervous system. In breastfeeding, mothers often experience anxiety caused by milk production. Breast milk production can be influenced by several factors, namely infant birth weight, gestational age, maternal age and parity, maternal stress/illness, smoking, alcohol consumption, consumption of contraceptive pills, maternal diet, husband and family support, breast care, type of delivery and hospitalization. when giving birth. Mothers who experience anxiety will cause the let-down reflex to occur, resulting in disruption of breast milk production due to inhibition of the production of the hormones prolactin and oxytocin. This study aims to The relationship between the anxiety level of breastfeeding mothers and the amount of milk production in Mothers who have babies aged 1-12 months in Sigumpar Dangsina Village, Sigumpar Health Center Working Area. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional data collection approach. The population of this study were all breastfeeding mothers who had babies 1-12 months. The sampling technique used is a total sampling of 17 respondents. The data was processed by Spearman correlation test. The results showed p value = 0.003 so p &lt; 0.05 which means that there is a relationship between the level of anxiety of mothers who breastfeed their babies to the amount of milk production in mothers who have babies aged 1-12 months in Sigumpar Dangsina Village, Sigumpar Health Center Work Area. Mothers/Communities and their families support each other in breastfeeding so as not to cause anxiety in breastfeeding mothers

The Effect of Circular and Oscillating Breast Massage on the Amount of Breast Milk Produced: An Innovative Method.

Background: In addition to suffering stress and anxiety owing to being separated from their babies, mothers whose babies are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units suffer breastfeeding problems. Moreover, their breast milk production may decrease over time. Objective: Examining the effect of circular and oscillating breast massage on the amount of breast milk produced. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled experimental study used a pretest-posttest model. The participants included 120 mothers (experimental group: 60, control group: 60) who went to a breast milk pumping unit of a hospital between December 1, 2017, and July 31, 2019. A circular and oscillating breast massage device was used to massage both breasts for 10 to 15 minutes, three times a day, for 3 days, and milk production was measured daily. The sociodemographic characteristics, perceptions regarding breast massage, and daily breast milk amounts of the mothers were collected. Results: The average age of the mothers that participated in the study was 30.21 ± 5.58 years; the average birth week of their babies was 32.31 ± 4.10 weeks. There were no significant differences in the mothers' amounts of milk production before the procedure in the experimental and control groups. In the study group, milk production increased by 7.92%, 5.25%, and 5.02% on days 1, 2, and 3 of the procedure, respectively. The mothers' total amount of milk production before and after the procedure (3 days) increased by 22.28%. Significant differences were found between the study groups on days 1, 2, and 3 and the total amount of milk produced after the procedure. Conclusion: Our study found circular and oscillating breast massage increased the amount of breast milk produced and decreased breast pain and swelling. Similar studies on the clinical use of this treatment should be conducted in line with the results of this study.

PENGARUH TEKNIK MARMET SEBAGAI BENTUK PEMBERDAYAAN IBU TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBU POST PARTUM

Breast milk (ASI) is the single and best food that meets all the growth and development needs of babies up to 6 months of age as well as foods that are rich in nutrients and are very important for children's growth. Decrease in the amount of milk production in the first days after delivery and the low coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. Some of the things that hinder exclusive breastfeeding include insufficient milk production, working mothers, wanting to be considered modern, problems with the nipples, the effect of advertising on formula milk and the influence of other people, especially family. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the marmet technique toward milk production. This type of research is pre-experimental with a pretest and posttest design. The population in this study were 30 post partum mothers with a total sample of 17 respondents who met the inclusion criteria with the Simple Random Sampling technique. The instrument in this study used SOP (standard operating procedures) observation sheets. This research has been conducted and analyzed by paired sample t test. The results of this study indicate the effect of the marmet technique on breast milk production with p = 0.001

Effectiveness of Breast Massage on Amount of Milk Production in Mothers who are not Actively Breast Feeding Preterm Babies

ontext: Breastfeeding to premature baby is often challenging for the postnatal mothers. In case of preterm labour milk synthesis is poor due to insufficient sucking reflex and poor mother baby bonding, if baby is admitted in neonatal unit. Breast massage is a technique to improve milk production in lactating mothers. Aims: To assess the effectiveness of breast massage on amount of milk production in mothers who are not actively breast feeding preterm babies. Settings and Design: Setting was postnatal ward Queen Mary Hospital, Lucknow. Research design was quasiexperimental (time series one group pre test post test). Methods and Material: Data were collected with the help of demographic profile and assessment of breast milk tool from 26 samples using purposive sampling technique who met the inclusion criteria. The pretest data collected before intervention and post test data collected after each intervention consecutively for 3 days. Statistical Analysis used: Mean, mean difference, standard deviation, t-test and chi-square. Results: The result revealed that on day 1, the post intervention milk production was found to be more (12.34±3.83) than pre intervention (3.03±1.98), t =16.68. On day 2, the post intervention milk production was found to be more (60.61±20.52), than pre intervention (17.07±6.73), t= 15.62 . On day 3, the pre intervention milk production was 25.15±7.13, which increased to 81.92±21.10 after intervention, t=20.16 at 0.05 level of significance. Conclusions: The findings of the study conclude that breast massage was found to be effective in increasing the amount of milk production among mothers who are not actively breast feeding preterm babies.

PRODUKCJA MLEKA I WYZWANIA ZWI ˛AZANE Z PRZEJSCIEM Z DOJU KONWENCJONALNEGO ´ NA ZROBOTYZOWANY W CHORWACJI

Milk production in the Republic of Croatia is facing a great challenge. Over the years, there has been a decline in the number of farms, cattle and the amount of milk production. Data for 2019 show a decrease in the number of cows for milk production of 4.4% compared to the previous year, or 14.4% over the last 5 years. Consequently, during the mentioned period, there was a drop in milk production by 15.5%. There are several reasons for this situation: high fragmentation of parcelled land, rural population moving to cities and other richer EU countries, negative population demographics, strong pressure of cheap milk imported by retail chains from western and northern EU member states, insufficiently modernized farms. All this makes it difficult for the survival of the Croatian farmer. Self-sufficiency in milk production in 2019 in Croatia was only 48.4%. In order to somewhat stop these negative trends, the Government of the Republic of Croatia is trying to encourage farmers to modernize dairy farms. One way of modernization is the introduction of milking robots. Farmers increasingly accept the proposed idea. Currently, 40 robots were installed in Croatia, distributed on 27 farms. Preliminary production results show that on robotic farms there has been an increase in milk production at the lactation level of about 528 kg. In addition to the production effect, the robotization of farms also leads to a financial effect on the entire Croatian economy.

In Search of the Determinants of Dairy Production in an Emerging Market

In view of the growing importance of the dairy sector, especially for the livelihood of the rural population and the increasing demand for milk by the Indian population, higher yield of milk animals and milk availability have become the focal point of attention. This study aims to identify the determinants of dairy production in India by examining the relationship of crossbreed and buffalo populations with the quantity of milk production across different Indian states. Fifteen major Indian states were included in this study and relevant secondary data from 2001 to 2019 was taken for analysis. The sources of statistical data are BAHS (GOI), Statistical abstract, NDDB website, etc. Coarse cereal, fodder crops, grazing land, artificial insemination and veterinary services have an influence on the total milk production of the Indian states, and the significance of these impacts were tested by pooled OLS regression analysis. Crossbreed cows, indigenous cows, buffalo and goat populations were tested with the Spearman’s rho correlation test, and these variables were also found to have a positive correlation with the quantity of total milk production (TMP). The study was further extended to compare the population strength of the crossbreed and buffalo, their growth rate and ultimately the status of average milk production across the major Indian states during the period 2001 to 2019. Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab and Andhra Pradesh were found to have healthy production of milk. However, Bihar and Rajasthan were found as promising states. States like Orissa, Kerala, Uttarakhand and West Bengal were found to have certain points of concern.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN PROFITABILITAS PADA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH SUMBER MULYA DI KABUPATEN KEPAHIANG

ABSTRACT The study was purposed to find out income and profitability was achieved by a Sumber Mulya dairy farm. Research was held in July – Agust 2018 in Sumber Mulya dairy farm Kepahiang. The methods used in this research is case study method. Primary Data obtained through interviews with the respondents and recording. Data obtained for time 12 months on technical aspects and financial data covering production costs, data revenue, income data, the amount of data the data the amount of milk production and livestock lactation. Secondary data retrieved from the data contained in these farms. Data analysis used analysis formulas use income and profitability ratios. The result showed that Sumber Mulya Dairy cattle farm was net incomeaverages per month is Rp. 5,427,176,91 with the number of 7.00 averagecows lactation flat tail. Total cost per month of Rp.10,032,823.29 Profitability achieved by the company said 10,78% profitable because the value of profitability is greater than the interest rate a bank of 4.35%. Key word : income, dairy farm, profitability, dairy farm, milk production

Subclinical Mastitis Prevalence on Small Scale Dairy Farming in Bogor

Background: Subclinical mastitis prevalence data in Bogor Regency is still lacking in every farm. It is important to calculate the prevalence and evaluation of the causative factors for subclinical mastitis in dairy cows to maintain the quality and quantity of milk production and determine the most appropriate control. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe Subclinical Mastitis Prevalence on Small Scale Dairy Farming in Bogor. Method: The data collection was carried out by determining 126 dairy cows as an individual sample using simple random sampling. Sample testing was performed using the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Results: The results showed that the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in the farm area was still very high at 82.5% with the results of 104 positive and 22 negative. Conclusion: The causes of subclinical mastitis are sanitation and poor hygiene in the implementation of milking.

Impact Analysis of Seasons on Milk Production in Tamil Nadu

Dairy farming is vulnerable to seasonal variable factors such as temperature, cold climatic conditions, and rainfall. These affect the production and reproduction traits of dairy animals. Seasonal variability also affects the quantity of consumption and marketing of milk considerably. The study aimed to assess the seasonal fluctuation in milk production in Sivagangai District Cooperative Milk Producer Union Limited (SDCMPUL), Tamil Nadu. The study used secondary data. The milk production data were collected from SDCMPUL, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu. The data covered the period from 2001-02 to 2020-21. The study used descriptive statistics, CAGR, and paired ‘t-test to determine the variation of milk production according to seasonal changes. The MS office - Excel software and SPSS software were used to analyse the data. The results revealed that the mean milk production of the lean and flush season was 2.46 and 2.30 lakh liters, and the CAGR of milk production in SDCMPUL, Tamil Nadu, during the period 2001-02 to 2020-21 was 5.65 percent, and it was 5.23 percent in lean season and 6.11 percent in the flush season while the growth rate of milk production during the lean and flush season was positive and was significant statistically. It was found that the quantity of milk production was higher in the lean season than a flush season; however, the variability of milk production was more in the flush season than in the lean season.

ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВА МОЛОКА КОРОВ В ОСЕННЕ-ЗИМНИЙ ПЕРИОД

Providing high-grade and high-quality dairy products, increasing the amount of milk products produced is an important task of agro-industrial complex. In Russia, dairy products are mainly produced from cow's milk. The quantity and quality of dairy products depends on the composition and properties of milk. During lactation, the chemical composition of milk changes. The article presents the results of studies of the chemical composition of milk of cows in autumn and winter period. It was found that the amount of protein, fat, lactose, dry non-fat milk residue and dry milk residue in cow's milk in autumn and winter increases.