Amounts Of Microelements Research Articles

Element Cycling at Thermally Active Coal-Waste Dumps: A Case Study of Calamagrostis epigejos and Solidago canadensis

Coal-waste dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin are usually colonized by tall grass Calamagrostis epigejos and Solidago canadensis, which influence the direction of vegetation formation and the soil chemistry. The aim of this study is to analyze and determine the content of major elements (Fe, Ca, P, Mg, Al, Na, K, S) and trace elements (Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, Sr, Cd, Cr) in aboveground and underground parts of the plants and the soil at the thermally active coal-waste dump. Analysis of the heavy metal concentrations reveals that they are higher in plant materials than in soil materials within the root zone of the plants. Environmental indicator analysis (geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, translocation factor) shows that the studied species exhibit varying degrees of pollution, with cadmium and zinc showing the highest accumulation rates. The content of elements in the analyzed species, both in washed and unwashed specimens, does not show significant differences, which is confirmed by the enrichment factor. Statistical analysis shows a positive correlation between the amount of microelements in plants (roots, aerial part) and soil samples in both thermally active and inactive zones. These findings broaden the scientific inquiry and hold practical significance for the reclamation of post-industrial areas.

Effect of Copper, Zinc and Molybdenum Micro Elements in Plants When Using Granular and Liquid Nitrogen Fertilizer with Micro Elements Made from Local Raw Materials

A new type of micronutrient liquid fertilizers was obtained by treating the calcium nitrate porridge obtained on the basis of research with urea (ammonium nitrate, KAS) and micronutrient (Cu Zn Co) salts in the amount necessary for plant growth. The chemical composition, product properties and rheological properties of liquid fertilizers containing microelements were studied, and a laboratory device for the production of liquid fertilizers was created. As a result of preliminary investigations, it was found that copper, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, calcium, magnesium are the most scarce trace elements in the soils of our republic. In order to apply microelements to the soil as fertilizers, the research was carried out in order to find their various sources, to study various industrial residues, to solve the problems of testing, processing of local raw materials and industrial waste containing trace elements a rational technology for obtaining new types of simple and complex liquid, granular and suspended fertilizers was developed, and its agrochemical properties and the amount of microelements in the plant composition and its effect on the absorption of nutrients (NRK), cotton yield and quality parameters of fiber were determined when used in typical gray soil conditions.

Chemical Composition and Biological Active Substances from Hazelnut Green Leafy Covers

This investigation aims to study the perspectives for obtaining natural remedies and food addit­ives from raw plant materials that can be used in food, pharmaceutical, and other industries. The selection of hazelnut green leafy cover as an item is based on the fact that it is a natural organic resource that is now being discarded as waste. In the article, the results are presented about the determination of mineral elements and bioactive compounds in the bio-extracts of 70% ethyl alcohol (BE-III) and distillation water (BE-IV) obtained from the green leafy cover of the plant (Corylus avellane L.) where grow in the north-western region of Azerbaijan. According to our study, BE-III has 25 chemical elements, excluding Rb, for a total of 12.797%, while BE-IV contains 26 chemical elements for a total of 21.347%. Amounts of mac­roelements are 10.4%, and microelements are 2.69% in the content of BE-III, while amounts of macroele­ments are 17.82%, and amounts of microelements are 3.53% in the content of BE-IV. Amounts of organic compounds are 87.2% in the content of BE-III, while their amounts are 78.65% in the content of BE-IV. The amount of Zn, which has antioxidant activity, is 0.009%, and the amount of Se is 0.002% in the con­tent of BE-IV. These values vary in the content of BE-III, the amount of Zn is 0.01%, but the amount of Se is 0.001%. 15 bioactive substances were identified in the content of BE-III bio-extract; however, 5 bioact­ive substances were identified in the content of BE-IV bio-extract. According to our research results, the bio-extract obtained from hazelnut green leafy cover is abundant with antioxidants and bioactive sub­stances with antibacterial activity. For this reason, these bio-extracts can be used as both a food supple­ment and a means of treatment.

Preference of Pollinators over Various Forage Mixtures and Microelement Treatments

Low plant species richness and abundance, as well as contamination, can lead to a lack of nutrients in the diets of pollinators. This can cause increased oxidative stress, low resistance to disease and reduced detoxification ability. We proposed three forage mixtures with different botanical compositions, all of which should provide continuous forage for a wide range of pollinators. The monitored mixtures were treated by foliar application with selenium and zinc. Both elements should increase the quality of pollen and nectar. The effect of meadow mixtures and microelements on pollinator abundance, richness, and preference was evaluated using data obtained via the line transect method. Furthermore, the amount of selenium and zinc in the flowers was determined. It was found that the microelement treatment did not have any effect on the abundance and richness of the main pollinator taxa, which were affected only by a botanical composition of meadow mixtures. However, a preference for zinc-treated forage was observed in Apis mellifera, and a preference for selenium-treated forage was observed in Bombus spp. These two eusocial taxa appear to respond to an increased amount of microelements in the treated meadow mixtures. On the contrary, Lepidoptera was tied to untreated forage, where they were probably pushed by social bee species due to the competition.

Toprak Özelliklerinin Çerezlik Kabağın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri

Bu araştırmada, Kütahya il ve ilçelerinde çerezlik kabak çekirdeği üretimine başlayan üretici arazilerinin toprak özelliklerinin, hasat edilen tohumların özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, Kütahya Tarım ve Orman İl Müdürlüğü‘nün çiftçilere çerezlik kabak tohumluğu dağıttığı tarlalardan (44 adet) ekim öncesi toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Toprak analizleri yapılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlara göre dekara 10 kg azot (N), 30 kg fosfor (P2O5), 11 kg potasyum (K2O) ve eksikliği belirlenen mikro elementleri yeterli seviyeye getirecek miktarda gübre önerilmiştir. Bu araştırma ile hasat edilen kabak tohumlarının verimi, morfolojik özellikleri, yağ ve protein içeriği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma alanındaki toprakların çoğunlukla killi tınlı, kireçli, organik madde içeriğinin orta, N içeriğinin yeterli, P içeriği yetersiz olarak belirlenmiştir. Toprakların mikro element içerikleri ise Fe ve Cu yeterli, Mn ve Zn çok az, B ise yeterli olduğu bulunmuştur. Kabak tohumlarının iç kısmının protein içeriği %22,6 ile 45,8 ve yağ oranı %41,48 ile 54,13 değerleri arasında değişmiştir. Bazı yetiştiricilerin ürettiği çerezlik kabak tanelerinin 100 tohum ağırlıklarının iri kalite sınıfına girdiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma verileri, büyüme ortamı olan toprak özelliklerinin ve iklim koşullarının kabak çekirdeğinin protein ve yağ içeriğine doğrudan etkisinin çok fazla olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Evaluation of Arsenic and Nutrients Uptake of Tomato Plant at Various Arsenic Concentrations of Irrigation Waters

ABSTRACT Under various Arsenic (As) loads, growth of the tomato plant and changes in elemental uptake were investigated in this experimental study. Plants were transplanted into the As free soils and the loads of As were increased gradually with irrigation. The root and stem dry weights (DW) steadily increased with the increase of As concentration up to 1.5 mg L−1, while the DW dropped to lower than the control plant’s DW when the As concentration was higher than mg L−1. Although the leaves DW variations for the studied As concentrations were negligible, As application to the tomato plants positively affected the biomass amount of leaf. Considering the decrease in root/shoot ratio, the root growth was more promoted at low As concentrations, while the effect of As on the production rate of aboveground biomass could be neglected. When the As concentration was increased from 0.5 mg L−1 to 3.0 mg L−1, average 90% of the total applied As to the plants was accumulated in the root and As content in the root was enhanced about four times. Significantly higher levels of N, K, Mg, and Ca in the aerial parts of tomato than in roots were determined while the level of P was about equal in the tissues. Among the tissues, the lowest microelements; Cu, Mn, Fe, and Zn concentrations were determined at the root of control plant. However, especially at high As loads, the increase in the amount of microelements in the root was considerably higher compared to the stem and leaf.

Перспективи впровадження технології енергетичних батончиків у закладах готельно-ресторанного господарства

Current lifestyle of humanity has dramatically accelerated changes in the food market, the main requirements to which are accessibility, fast obtaining the sufficient amount of energy for restoring physical force and speeding up brain activity. To satisfy these needs it is proposed the production of energy candy bars (in hotels and restaurants) possessing high biological value and harmonious organoleptic indices. The author proposes the technology with the thermic processing vegetable raw material as well as the technology without such processing. According to the proposed recipe composition of such energy candy bars, the establishments of hotel and restaurant businesses will get entirely safety food with more balanced composition of basic nutriments, a considerable amount of microelements, vitamins, and biologically active substances of antistress and immune stimulatory effects.

Influence of relief conditions on plant growth and development

The objectives of our investigations are to describe the limits of variability of the main agricultural types of modern ukrainian winter wheat varieties in order to their relations with difference growth conditions. The most target traits for determining these relations are agronomic-value, such as yield, protein content and protein composition (amount of gliadins and glutenins). As an additional purpose we evaluated relations between relief conditions and amount of microelements and heavy metals, relation amid growth conditions and content of value microelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). Our investigations confirmed statements about relations between content of nutrient elements in winter wheat plants, their uptaking from soil, type of relief, wheat variety genotype and limits of adaptable for difference conditions. Winter wheat is an cultivar with wide, but specific demands to growth and development conditions. Due to relief conditions, north exposition of the slope gives more advantages for winter wheat vegetation. We recommended varieties Komerciyna, Smuglyanka, Zolotokolosa for growing under these conditions by grain productivity and varieties Komerciyna, Smuglyanka and Natalka by grain protein content and protein composition. Variability of agriculture-value traits between varieties was higher under slope conditions than on flat. Only variety Korisna was stable by protein composition under every condition. At the same time all varieties were depended on grows conditions (relief) to reach high level of grain yield. We cannot observe just the same by grain quality. We established that wheat grains contains more microelements than straw. At the same time the lead and nickel uptake was more in the straw samples. Thus, influence of relief on microelements and heavy metals content in the winter wheat grain and straw is not so high as for macroelements and, thus, for grain productivity and quality.

ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MICROELEMENTS IN ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URSI

The main purpose of the study was to determine the microelements content (Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, Cd) in the aboveground and underground parts of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi grows in two forest types of the Republic Buryatia. Element content was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS, AAnalyst 400 PerkinElmer). It was found roots accumulate the most amounts of microelements. The row of the elements accumulation in the leaves, stems and roots have a similar sequence: Mn> Fe> Zn> Cr> Cu> Pb> Ni> Co> Cd; in berries zinc ranks the first place in the row. The different intensity of elements accumulation by plants from the soil was detected. Due to the high level of chromium accumulation Arctostaphylos uva-ursi can serve as a source of this element for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and atherosclerosis.

Effect of biogenic and synthetic starting materials on the structure of hydroxyapatite bioceramics

In this study, a synthesis of hydroxyapatite by wet-chemical precipitation route was conducted, using a number of calcium oxide sources. Two biogenic calcium carbonates, which are common in nature, i.e. bird eggshells (Gallus gallus domesticus) and land snail shells (from Arianta arbustorum), as well as commercially available synthetic calcium oxides were used as calcium oxide sources. Calcium oxide starting materials and synthesised calcium phosphate products were investigated. Hydroxyapatite bioceramics obtained from the calcium oxides of different origins had significant differences in microstructure after thermal treatment. Microelement analysis of hydroxyapatite products by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) showed that they incorporate different amounts of microelements. The microstructure parameters of the obtained bioceramics were influenced by the presence of multiple trace elements in the structure of hydroxyapatite, which also significantly influenced the crystal lattice parameters. The origin of the calcium oxide starting material has a significant impact on the physicochemical properties and quality of bioceramic implants and, therefore, could also affect the biological properties of these materials.

Microelement Status and Soil and Plant Relationships of Olive Groves in West Anatolia Region of Turkey

The importance of olives to human health and nutrition is gradually increasing every passing year. Olive is a cultivated perennial plant, produced as table olives and olive oil, which are of economic importance in the Mediterranean countries—the most widespread olive-growing area—and Asian, American, and North African countries. In Turkey, olive growing is mostly carried out in the Aegean region followed by the Marmara and the Mediterranean regions. Thanks to the recently established olive groves, the importance of olive growing has increased. Although olive trees are more resistant to unfavorable conditions than other fruits, some problems such as a decrease in the yield and quality of the product may appear if there is a nutrition deficiency. Conditions for olive growing should be improved to provide the olive trees with better nutrition. To realize this aim, by determining nutritional status of sampling provinces with soil and leaf analysis recommendations about more accurate fertilization techniques will be provided. In this study, the amounts of microelements in the soil of olive groves and the nutritional status of microelements of olive trees in the provinces of Izmir, Manisa, Aydin, Mugla, Balikesir, Canakkale, and Bursa in the West Anatolia region were examined between the years of 1997 and 2009, and the relationships between the results of soil analysis and the results of leaf analysis were evaluated. Statistically significant correlations between the amounts of microelements in the soils and the amounts of microelements in the leaves were obtained. Although the soil and leaf samples were observed to have deficiencies in iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and boron (B), the deficiency in copper (Cu) was found in only leaf samples. According to the results of soil analysis, it was observed that 39% of the groves reveal deficiency in Zn, whereas the results of the leaf analysis revealed that 75% of them had deficiency in Mn. It is vital that these results be taken into consideration while preparing fertilization programs.

Heavy metals content in Serbian old plum brandies

Seven elements, namely, arsenic, lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese were determined in 31 samples of Serbian plum brandies by applying atomic spectrometry techniques. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used for quantification of copper, iron, zinc, manganese, lead and cadmium; and hydride generation atomic spectrometry absorption for arsenic quantification. Measured concentrations of heavy metals and arsenic was assessed according to the Serbian regulations, official regulations of some other countries and in respect of microelements content in other similar distilled alcoholic beverages. Amounts of microelements in maximal recommended daily and weekly intake of plum brandy were determined. The influence of production (home made and industrial), type of wooden barrel (oak and mulberry), and duration of ageing process on the content of Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn in plum brandies, as well as coefficient of correlation between Cu content and pH value were also studied.

ДОСЛіДЖЕННЯ КіЛЬКОСТі МіКРОЕЛЕМЕНТУ З ЗАХИСНИМИ ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМИ У ЛіКАРСЬКіЙ РОСЛИННіЙ СИРОВИНі

Ми представляємо результати досліджень кількості незамінного мікроелементу - селену у рослинній сировині. Селен - незамінний мікроелемент з чітко вираженими захисними властивостями, який контролює окисно-відновні процеси на клітинному рівні. Детально розглянуто вміст мікроелементу у різних родинах рослин. Встановлено кількісний рівень селену у дослідних зразках рослинної сировини, та визначені межі коливання мікроелементу.

The effect of municipal compost application on the amount of micro elements and their absorption in soil and medicinal plant of mint (Menthas)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of municipal compost (MC) application on micro elements concentration in soil and tissues of medicinal plant of mint. This study was carried out in a split plot based on complete randomized block design in three replications in the field of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources of Sari, Iran. The main plot was of six fertilizer levels (T 1 = control, T 2 = chemical fertilizer according to soil test, T 3 = 20 ton/ha compost + 1/2 treatments of T2, T 4 = 20 ton/ha compost, T 5 = 40 ton/ha compost + 1/2 treatments T 2 and T 6 = 40 ton/ha compost) and the sub plot was applied as follows: one year, two non-consecutive years, two consecutive years, three nonconsecutive years, three consecutive years and four consecutive years. The results show that the fertilizer treatments and the years of application had significant effects on the concentration of micro elements in medicinal plant of mint and also in soils. The compound effect of fertilizer treatments and years of application were significant on the concentration of Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, whereas it was not significant on the concentration of Mn in the plant root and also on the concentration of Cu, Fe and Zn in the plant leaves.

Sodium tolerance of plants in relation to ionic balance and the absorption ability of microelements

Salinity stress is a major abiotic problem in arid land agriculture. In particular, Na stress severely limits crop production because it causes Na toxicity and disturbs the homeostasis of essential cations and microelements in crops. The purpose of the present study was to verify the validity of two indexes with regard to Na tolerance in plants: (1) cation balance (([K]+[Ca]+[Mg])/[Na]), (2) absorption ability of microelements. Salicornia bigelobii (highly salt tolerant), beet (tolerant), maize (moderately sensitive) and bean (sensitive) were grown in artificially prepared saline (SA), sodic (SO) and highly sodic (HSO) soils. Salicornia bigelobii showed the best growth in SO soil and accumulated Na in the growing part of the shoot. Beet showed the best growth in SA soil and also needed Na for satisfactory growth. Both species, therefore, can be classified as halophytes. There was no relationship between growth and cation balance in Salicornia bigelobii and beet. The salt treatments suppressed the growth of maize and bean, with more severe suppression in bean. The cation balance of maize was higher than that of bean. Cation balance can, therefore, be an index of Na tolerance in maize and bean, which are glycophytes. Salicornia bigelovii and beet actively absorbed microelements under high Na conditions. In maize and bean, the salt treatments lowered the uptake amount of microelements, more so in bean. Absorption ability of microelements can, therefore, be an index of Na tolerance, irrespective of whether the plants are halophytes or glycophytes.

Studies on the Contents and Amounts of Microelements Taken Up by Meadow Sward in Conditions of Long-Term and Diversified Mineral Fertilization as to the Sward Fodder Value

Studies on the Contents and Amounts of Microelements Taken Up by Meadow Sward in Conditions of Long-Term and Diversified Mineral Fertilization as to the Sward Fodder Value

Availability of Microelements as Affected by Soil Reaction and Fertilization in Long-Term Field Experiments

Results presented in this paper come from two long-term fertilization experiments carried out in Skierniewice (since 1923) and _ yczyn (since 1960). The top layer of soil in Skierniewice contains a little more clay and silt (17%) than at _ yczyn (14%), but the climatic conditions are alike - the mean for many years shows the precipitation of 520mm and temperature 7,9°C. Soil samples for the determination of microelements were collected in the years 1999 and 2000 from the control plots (Ca) and from combinations corresponding to 3 fertilization systems: mineral (CaNPK), organic (Ca + FYM) and mixed organic-mineral (CaNPK + FYM). The contents of B, Cu, Zn, Mn were determined in 4 extract solutions: 0,01mol CaCl2, EDTA, 1mol HCl and HF (total contents). The paper presents average results for the last two years. The following amounts of microelements (%) in relation to the total contents in particular extract solutions were obtained: CaCl 2 m Cu 0,4< Zn 2,2< Mn 3,5 < B 5,0; EDTA - B 2,4 < Mn 5,7 < Zn 9,0 < Cu 13,9; HCl - B 7,8 < Cu 37,3 < Zn 37,6< Mn 72,5. The soil contents of readily soluble forms of Mn were significantly higher in non-limed than in limed soil, while the amounts of B, Cu and Zn were higher in limed soils as some amounts of Cu and Zn were present in lime fertilizers. In the system of mineral fertilization, some amounts of boron and zinc were introduced to the soil together with fertilizers, however, they were insufficient in view of nutritional requirements. On the other hand, in the organic-mineral system the amounts of introduced boron were adequate, copper and zinc twice higher and manganese four times higher. The use of mineral fertilization alone for 26 years, leads to soil depletion of zinc and copper and the use of manure alone enriches soil in those components.

Mineral composition of cultured Ginseng cells

The contents of macroelements and microelements in ginseng roots and callus cultures was determined by atom absorption spectroscopy. Ginseng cells and tissues were shown to accumulate considerable amounts of microelements. The content of six of eleven mineral components studied (K, Ca, Na, Mo, Mn, and Cr) in callus cultures was higher than that in roots of agricultural ginseng plants. We revealed good correlations between the contents of microelements (K, Ca, and Mg), as well as between the concentrations of macroelements (Mo, Li, Cu, and Cr) in ginseng cultures. The ability to accumulate elements varied between ginseng species, which was probably related to their genetic features. Our findings indicate that cultured ginseng cells hold much promise as the source of microelements.

WATER RESISTANCE OF CERAMZITE CONTAINING GALVANOTECIINICAL SLIME/KERAMZITO, TURINČIO GALVANOTECHNINIO ŠLAMO, ATSPARUMAS VANDENIUI

In the Lithuanian metal working plants galvanotechnical slime is formed during the manufacturing process. It consists of Fe, Ca, Mg and combinations of microelements Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb such as hydroxide, sulphide etc. To prevent contamination of the environment by metal combinations contained in the galvanotechnical slime it has to be utilized for ceramic products during the manufacturing process. In Lithuania the galvanotechnical slime is utilized for ceramzite produced in the Palemonas factory. The aim of this work is to find out whether the microelements contained in galvanotechnical slime are emitted from ceramzite into the environment while ceramzite is affected by water. There is hydromical clay in Lithuania. Cremate clay contains 70—95% of hydromicas, 5—30% kaolinite, and up to 5% of chlorite and traces of montmorillonite. It contains quartz, feldspars, calcite and limonite as well. Oxidical structure (%) is: SiO2 48–51, Al2O3 + TiO2 14—19, Fe2O3 5—8, CaO 7–11, MgO ∼ 3, K2O ∼ 3, Na2O ∼ 1, SO3 up to 0.4, loss by roasting 10—13. In producing ceramzite (1050—125°C) mullite, quartz, hematite, magnetite, anorthite, spinel, forsterite etc. are formed from clay components. If ceramzite contains galvanotechnical slime, the microelements along with ceramzite components compounds thermodynamically a few of Ca, Mg, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn silicates and aluminates and Ca, Mg, Ni, Cu ferrites. The amount of microelements transferring from ceramzite into water has been defined with the atomicabsorption spectroscopy by keeping ceramzite granules in distilled water for 3,6 and 12 months. The results of the investigation demonstrate that the compounds of Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Mn, and Co do not transfer from ceramzite into water. The amounts of metallic compounds in the water C H 2 O are limited by the values of their solubility product L: C H 2 O = 5,62 Cmax L0,087, The amount of metallic compounds in the water C H 2 O depends on the extraction length according to the satiation curve. The results of the investigation show that ceramzite containing galvanotechnical slime is an ecologically clean heat insulating substance.

The deficiency symptom of microelements on rice plant

Abstract As the rice plant is usually cultured, in practice, on a waterlogged field associated with heavy irrigation, it could be supposed that the rice plant may be supplied with a sufficient amount of microelements and rarely suffers from a lack of them.