Amounts Of Inertinite Research Articles

Coal seam development characteristics and distribution predictions in marginal sea basins: Oligocene Yacheng Formation coal measures, Qiongdongnan Basin, northern region of the South China Sea

Coal measures located in marginal sea basins are important hydrocarbon source rocks. For the purpose of effectively guiding future oil and gas exploration, the characteristics and distribution patterns of coal seams in coal measures of a marginal sea basin are systematically outlined. Coal measures in marginal sea basins can have large thicknesses, but the individual coal seams can be very thin and lack lateral continuity. In the study area, the organic micro-components of the coal are dominated by vitrinite, with very low amounts of inertinite and liptinite. The amount of inorganic microscopic components is large, but with limited drilling results, few cores and thin coal seams, which are easily overlooked during logging activities, a comprehensive analysis of the logging data may improve efficiency in coal-seam identification and thickness determination. The development and distribution of coal seams in marginal sea basins are controlled by various factors, including (1) paleoclimatic and paleobotanic conditions, which could fundamentally limit coal formation, (2) coal-forming sedimentary environmental conditions that may limit the scope of coal-seam development from a macroscopic perspective, and (3) paleotectonic and paleotopographic conditions that define the coal-forming structures. Therefore, the descending and rising cycles of base-levels, along with changes in the growth rates of the accommodation spaces, can be used to determine the horizons that are potentially favourable for coal formation and can also indicate the migration trends of coal-forming environments on the structural plane. Seismic wave impedance inversion methods could be utilised for semi-quantitative assistance for prediction of coal seams. In summary, for models of coal-seam development in marginal sea basins, the grades should be divided according to reliability, and the different reliability levels should be predicted separately.The characteristics of coal seams developed in marginal sea basins are described.The macerals of coals developed in marginal sea basins have been ascertained.A development model and distribution prediction method for coal seams are assessed according to the control factors.A model for the prediction of coal-seam distribution is presented.

Effect of some operational parameters on desulphurization of high sulphur Indian coal by KOH leaching

This paper presents an experimental study on the effect of potassium hydroxide concentration and reaction time on coal properties during desulphurization of high sulphur Indian coal. Experimental results showed that maximum of 36.79% of total sulphur can be removed from coal by potassium hydroxide leaching with 20% potassium hydroxide concentration and 24 h contact time at atmospheric condition. Total sulphur reduction was contributed by 45.03–49.01% pyritic sulphur, 24.10–33.73% sulphate sulphur and 20.93–30.62% organic sulphur depending on potassium hydroxide concentration of 5–20% and reaction time of 6–24 h. Experimental result shows that ash% of coal increased from 8.33 to 14.09% due to accumulation of insoluble potassium aluminosilicate in the coal. Gross calorific value of coal decreased from 6854 to 6084 kcal/kg due to increase of ash content of coal and loss of some combustible matter in leaching process. Physico-chemical characterizations of raw and treated coal samples were carried out by using field emission scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared, petrographic analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetry to appraise the product quality. Field emission scanning electron microscope and coal petrographic image infer the occurrence of pitting and cavitation in the coal structure due to removal of pyrite sulphur (1.51–1.21%) from coal which causes escalation of vitrinite (67.65–70.43%) and few amounts of inertinite (18.03–18.86%) and liptinite (1.24–1.27%) as macerals. Thermogravimetric analysis–differential thermogravimetry analysis infers the improvement in combustion characteristics of treated coal by reduction in peak combustion temperature.

Petrographic characteristics and peat environments of Gashun mine (Jurassic), Hoxtolgay coalfield, China

Twenty-two coal samples and eleven parting samples were taken from Gashun Coal Mine, Hoxtolgay coalfield, Xingjiang Autonomous Region, and the samples were analyzed by using optical microscopy. The results indicate that the dominant macerals are vitrinite (av. 76.6%) with minor amounts of inertinite (av. 18.84%) and low liptinite (av. 2.7%), along with low content of mineral matters (av. 1.86%). All GI, TPI, VI, GWI values and two facies diagrams indicate that the main coal facies are in limnic area. Meanwhile, the overall petrographic composition and coal facies types indicate that the coal formed in strong wet reducing peat accumulating conditions which were the lacustrine marshes.

Organic petrography of Mississippian and Devonian shales in east-central Kentucky

The Devonian and Mississippian oil shales of east-central Kentucky are classified as marinites. The petrographic composition of the kerogen in the shales is complex, and significant amounts of macerals from all of the major groups are present. Unfigured alginite (lamalginite) and bituminite are the most abundant macerals present, followed by vitrinite and inertinite (fusinite and semifusinite). Figured alginite (telalginite) includes Leosphoridia and Tasmanites; a minor amount of sporinite (~1% or less) is also present. The maceral composition of the Cleveland and Sunbury Shale interval from a core taken in Fleming County, Kentucky was determined quantitatively. The liptinite suite in the Sunbury interval was dominated by bituminite, while the Cleveland contained higher proportions of alginite. The total amount of inertinite plus vitrinite was found to be relatively constant. Variations in maceral composition affect the scatter of Fischer assay oil yield versus organic carbon relations for Eastern US oil shale. The kerogen macerals were found to correlate selectively with certain trace elements (e.g. Cr, Cu, V and Zn), suggesting that the maceral composition may be related to shale provenance. Bituminite:alginite ratio was found to correlate selectively with trace element concentration and supports the concept that the organic precursors for this maceral were bacterial decay products.

コークスの高温性状（ＣＳＲ）推定法

Recently, the quality of metallurgical coke has been evaluated not only by strength at room temperature, such as the drum index, but also by high-temperature properties.The coke strength after CO2 gasification (reaction) (CSR) is one of the evaluation methods of coke for high-temperature properties. The authors have been trying to estimate the value of CSR by studying properties of coal.In this work, coke from coal and coal blends with different properties is prepared to get the relationship between the properties of coal and the value of CSR.The estimation method for the value of CSR from the properties of coal such as the reflectance of vitrinite and the amounts of inertinite and ash, especially alkali content, is proposed.This method is ascertained with the value of CSR of coke produced from a commercial oven.

The properties of macerals in Czechoslovak coals rich in inertinite

Czechoslovak bituminous coals rich in inertinite contain a considerable amount of inertinite with a reflectance range displaced towards and partly overlapping that of the vitrinite reflectance. Together with the existence of the transitional maceral group of semivitrinite, this causes difficulties in maceral analysis as well as in the technological evaluation of these coals. The relationship between the volatile matter of vitrinite and its reflectance is very close for both vitrinite- and inertinite-rich coals. The analogous relationship between the vitrinite reflectance and the volatile matter of inertinite displays a considerable scatter due to the effects of some higher values of the volatile matter of inertinite — related to the presence of inertinite with relatively low reflectance. The results of investigations into the coking properties of coals rich in inertinite, however, do not supply any proof of a higher fusibility of these coals.

Influence of coal characteristics on CO 2 gasification

The rate of CO 2 gasification of a coke is one of the most important qualities of metallurgical coke. Many workers are trying to estimate the rate of CO 2 gasification of coke by studying properties of coal, such as the reflectance of vitrinite and the amounts of inertinite and ash in coal. The specific-gravity separation method is used to prepare coals which possess almost the same reflectance, but contain different amounts of inertinite and ash. The relation between the rate of gasification and the properties of coal is quantitatively explained.

Prediction methods in coal and coke microscopy

SUMMARYPrediction of coke strength based on measurements of vitrinite reflectance and data from group‐maceral analyses requires information about the coking power of the different coal macerals in relation to rank. A range of bases are considered by different individuals to be important in prediction studies, e.g. the optimum ratio of reactive to inert constituents for each ‘V‐step’ (vitrinite oil reflectance step × 10); the proportion of vitrinite and clarite and rank; the amount of inertinite with no consideration given to an optimum ratio of reactives to inerts; the rank with little regard given to varying maceral composition. Entirely satisfactory results can be obtained by all investigators for coke‐strength predictions from certain coals under given coking conditions. For other coals, some of the determined values lie well outside the permissible limits of error. Reasons for these deviations may lie in an erroneous, or at least in an inadequate evaluation, of the different microscopical parameters. With this introduction, different predictive methods are discussed and tested. Limits of applicability are demonstrated. Possible improvements are suggested and questions, which have so far not been answered entirely satisfactorily, are posed. Above all, the underlying importance of light microscopy to a major industrial field is stressed.