Amount Of Income Research Articles

Consumer Financial Protection Versus Catastrophic Healthcare Expenditure in Zambia

ABSTRACTBackgroundOut‐of‐pocket (OOP) expenses for healthcare are regarded as catastrophic, especially if they account for a substantial amount of a poor household's effective income. This study looks at the frequency and severity of catastrophic healthcare expenditures (CHE) to evaluate the level of monetary safeguarding provided by the present healthcare system in Zambia.MethodsThe study relied on the 2014 Zambia Household Health Expenditure and Utilization Survey, which was carried out in 10 different provinces. The investigated population is divided into quintiles, which divide family units into five groups, each of which represents 20% of the population. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and pairwise comparisons among the quintiles.ResultsAt 5% level of significance, pairwise analyses of the average of OOP healthcare expenditures as a proportion of non‐food spending reveal that the quintiles have statistically different means. If 10% limit is employed, the concentration index was −0.41, whereas was −0.67. At a 10% limit, the adjusted headcount () is 0.37, and the adjusted overshoot () is 0.15%.ConclusionThe frequency and severity of CHE were negligible during the study period. However, the less fortunate are more susceptible compared to the wealthy to be subjected to the occurrence and severity of CHE. Therefore, policy changes ought to emphasize the protection of the poor and vulnerable to accomplish the goal of universal healthcare (UHC). Finally, research is suggested to include equity and quality in the use of healthcare services.

The Influence Of Capital, Information Technology, and Work Experience On The Income Of Perak Smes, Celuk Village, Sukawati District

The Gianyar Regency area, especially the Sukawati sub-district, is considered to have become the center of silver crafts in the Bali region, which is found precisely in Celuk Village as a silver craft producing area that has existed since 1976, but in the current conditions Celuk Village is experiencing a decline in the number of established businesses. , the amount of production, and also the workforce, this condition seems to occur from year to year, thus triggering a decrease in the amount of income of business actors. The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of capital, information technology and work experience on the income of silver SMEs in Celuk Village, Sukawati District. This research is included in the quantitative research category. The total population and sample data that supports this research is 150 respondents. The research results show that capital, information technology and work experience have a significant positive effect on the income of Perak SMEs in Celuk Village, Sukawati District. The implication obtained from this series of activities is that capital, information technology, and work experience have successfully contributed to the income of Perak SMEs. The results of this activity can be used as a guide or reference for other SMEs in supporting increased income by paying more attention to capital, information technology and work experience, because the greater the amount of income earned, the greater the ability of a business to function automatically. finance all business expenses.

Marketing Efficiency and Disposal Pattern of Pomegranate in Maharashtra, India

Aims: This research aims to identify factors that influence marketing efficiency and disposal patterns of pomegranates, with the aim of increasing farmer income and reducing post-harvest losses. Study Design: Vashi market near to Navi Mumbai was selected for the study purpose due to maximum hoarding of pomegranates in the states and from the other states as well. A total 60 Producers and 40 functionaries were asked to respond against a structured schedule which was prepared for the purpose. Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken as the mandatory project work programme of MBA (Agribusiness) which was undertaken jointly by International Agribusiness Management Institute and ABC Company, Maharashtra in the month of January-April 2024. Methodology: Different stakeholders, connected to the Vashi market were selected purposively to address the problem statement and the corresponding objectives which were analysed further through descriptive statistics and Acharya Measurement of Marketing Efficiency. Results: Producers were getting more than 60 percent of the share in consumer rupee irrespective of the four major channels. The state share in pomegranate production was also quite significant at the national sphere. Despite that, storage issues, transportation issues and some cases issues of packaging materials generate cost escalation for the stakeholders. It was observed, where farmers were doing primary processing before selling the pomegranate to the next stakeholders were getting good amount of net income from it. Conclusion: It is advised to encourage the development of the farmers’ market where producers can sell directly to consumers and reaping more benefit from their surpluses.

Evaluasi Penerapan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Pendapatan Kas Terhadap Pengendalian Intern pada Pemandian Air Panas Pariban

In information systems accounting income cash and internal control there needs to be a good procedure in a company that has been set. The gap between any duty unit-unit organization to separate functions, duty, and responsibilities of each employee as, parking lot, ticketing, café, restaoran, and lodging. Cash income is computerized so that the company can know the amount of income each month because it is able to present data on each income and expenditure transaction completely and accurately. The purpose of this study is to find penelitin how accounting of this information in at pariban hot springs . And to know that the implementation of the internal control have walked with the applicable regulation or not. Research sites as the object of this research is in pariban hot springs. Review at this research is cash income. Method collection method used is research filed literature and methods. And the method of analysis of data on research kualitatif this is the method. Based on the discussion this research result we can conclude that the system of cash revenues at pariban hot springs systematically has been running well. The event bagian-bagian selling transaction services have been able to coordinate well in completing the transaction.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENDAPATAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENGOLAHAN MINYAK KELAPA DI KELURAHAN RAHAMPUU KECAMATAN KABAENA KABUPATEN BOMBANA

This research is motivated by coconut commodities that thrive in all areas of Indonesia. If processed properly and given serious attention by the government, through coconut derivative products, one of which is coconut oil. Coconut commodities can contribute significantly to increasing the economic income of the community, region, and even country. This study aims to determine the amount of income and marketing strategies carried out to increase the income of coconut oil processors in Rahampuu Village, Kabaena District, Bombana Regency. The population in this study amounted to 20 coconut oil processors. The sample was determined using the census method, so the research sample amounted to 20 respondents. Data collection was conducted using observation, interview, and documentation techniques with the help of research instruments in the form of questionnaires. This research uses a quantitative approach. Data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive methods through identification and description activities and income analysis to determine the amount of income of coconut oil processing communities. The results showed that the income of the coconut oil processing community which was divided into three groups, namely the Eemolo group produced Rp 7,654,506, the Petolea group produced Rp 9,254,365, and the Tangkenokinolo group produced Rp 7,654,143. This group income will then be divided among each group member according to the number of group members. Marketing to increase the income of coconut oil processors in Rahampuu Village, Kabaena Subdistrict, Bombana Regency, is done by using the services of middlemen/collectors. This saves the community the cost of transporting the product from the production site to the Sikeli central market.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHA SUSU KAMBING ETAWA ( Capra aegagrus hircus ) CV. SERANGKAI ANUGERAH BAHTERA DI DESA MANDIANGIN BARAT KECAMATAN KARANG INTAN KABUPATEN BANJAR PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

This research technically aims to determine the process of the Etawa goat milk processing business and financially to determine the amount of costs, receipts and income obtained from the Etawa goat milk processing business. The research method used is a case study on CV. A Series of Bahtera Awards in October and November 2023 with a total cost of IDR. 14,369,785,- total receipts of Rp. 24,750,000,- and total income of IDR 10,380,215

The Waqf of Nûrî Bimaristan in Aleppo in the Mid-16th Century

Aleppo has been home to many civilisations, and especially during Zangid, Ayyubid, Mamluk and Ottoman periods, many waqf works were built in the city. One of these buildings, the Bimaristan of Nūrī, was built by Nūr al-Dīn Mahmud, one of the Zangid rulers. This hospital which was known as the Bimaristan of Nurī or the Bimaristan of Nūr al-Dīn Şehīd, was also known as “Bīmāristan-ı ‘Atīq” because a second bimaristan named Ergûn Kâmil was built in the city later on. In this bimaristan, patients were treated free of charge and their medication costs were covered by the waqf budget. In this study, after providing information about bimaristans, the Bimaristan of Nūrī and its founder Nūr al-Dīn Zangi, the waqf assets of the Bimaristan of Nūrī and their income amounts in the Mid-16th century, the waqf and hospital staff, their salaries and other expense items of the waqf are emphasised. The main sources of this study, which aims to reveal the importance of bimaristans in general and the Bimaristan of Nūrī in Aleppo in particular in terms of the history of medicine and architecture and its operating model, are the Aleppo awqaf registers in various funds with waqfs records in the Ottoman Archives.

Analysis of the Effect of Regional Original Revenue and Balance Funds on Gross Regional Domestic Product in Lombok Barat Regency in 2010-2022

Economic growth can detail many aspects of an economy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Regional Original Revenue and Balance Funds on Gross Regional Domestic Product in Lombok Barat Regency. This study uses descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data collection technique used is literature study and documentation. The data used is secondary data from 2010-2022 obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPAKD) of Lombok Barat Regency. The analysis method used in this research is multiple regression analysis with hypothesis testing using the classical assumption test, followed by a partial t test, a simultaneous f test, and a coefficient of determination (R²) test with a significant level of 5%. The results of the econometric criteria test research in this study did not have classical assumption deviations. Based on partial and simultaneous tests, it shows that Regional Original Revenue and Balance Fund have a positive relationship and have a significant effect on Gross Regional Domestic Product in Lombok Barat Regency. As for the coefficient of determination (R²) value of 98% is influenced by the amount of Regional Original Income and Balance Fund while the rest is influenced by other variables outside the model.

The Importance of Investments in Scientific Research in the Innovative Activity of Industrial Enterprises

In the article, the importance of investments in scientific research in the implementation of digital transformation and automation in industrial enterprises is studied on the example of developed countries, such as USA, theoretical and practical proposals are made for directing investments in scientific research in digitization and automation of industrial enterprises of Uzbekistan. The innovative activity of industrial enterprises should be such that it creates innovations in all processes: from research and development to production, from production to management, from sales to delivery to consumers, to study of the post-consumer situation, introduction of new digital and automated technologies, management system evaluation of activities, improvement of the functionality of products and technologies, reduction of costs and increase of efficiency, organization and production of marketing and advertising activities, with coverage of consumers, convenient delivery to customers, packaging, clarification of product description and rules of use of the product, as well as benefits or advantages obtained as a result processes should be covered. In addition, having a certain share of the main products in the total volume of production, it is possible to create business models with the aim of achieving a large amount of income from the main products due to the increase in the volume of sales with new technologies of production. The use of investment funds by industrial enterprises in the direction of scientific research in their innovative activities has a great effect.

Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani Tanaman Pala Di Kelurahan Kareko Kecamatan Lembeh Utara Kota Bitung Utara

This study aims to analyze the income of nutmeg farming in Kareko Village, North Lembeh District, Bitung City. This research lasted for 3 (three) months, namely May to July 2023 from the preparation stage, to the preparation of research results. The research was conducted in Kareko Village, North Lembeh District, Bitung City. The data collection method used was the survey method. Data were collected in the form of primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from survey results and direct interviews with farmers based on question data that had been prepared and secondary data were obtained from relevant agencies related to this study. The sampling method used was purposive sampling, respondents were selected as many as 20 respondents. Data analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis using tables to know the amount of income earned by farmers. The results of research on nutmeg farming in Kareko Village, North Lembeh District, Bitung City can be concluded that the average revenue of IDR7,248,500 and production costs of IDR2,016,000 obtained an average income of IDR5,110,475, so the farming carried out provides income for farmers so it is feasible to develop.

Проблемы фискальной прозрачности в контексте реформирования законодательства о публичных неналоговых платежах

This article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of reforming public relations arising from the establishment, introduction and collection of public non-tax payments, and the impact of the current state of legal regulation of the relevant sphere on the level of fiscal transparency of the budgetary and tax system of the state. The connection between the chaotic construction of legislation on public non-tax payments and the low level of fiscal transparency is explained. It is concluded that it is necessary to implement the preparatory stage of the reform of the relevant sphere of legal regulation by creating an official register of public non-tax payments and, as a result, "freezing" the growth of their number, as well as imposing on the state bodies administering the relevant payments the obligation to publish information on the amount of income from collecting existing payments, as well as specific items of their expenditure taking into account their types and specifics in order to increase the level of transparency in the budget and tax sphere.

Analysis of the Effect of an Open Economy on Indonesia's National Income

This research aims to examine the impact of various factors, such as the value of exports and the value of imports, on Indonesia's total national income. These factors are considered as independent variables, while the amount of Indonesia's national income is the dependent variable. The research methodology involves a descriptive quantitative approach and explanatory research, with a focus on the analysis of Indonesia's national income from 1993 to 2024. The required data was obtained from secondary sources such as the Central Statistics Agency, Uncomtrade , Trademap , books, and similar research-related publications. To analyze the data, multiple linear regression statistical methods were used with the help of SPSS version 27 software. The results of the analysis show that overall (F test), the factors studied have a significant influence on the amount of national income. Furthermore, partial analysis (t test) shows that the variables of Indonesia's export value and import value also have a significant influence on Indonesia's total national income.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI CABAI MERAH DI DESA NOELBAKI KECAMATAN KUPANG TENGAH KABUPATEN KUPANG

This study aims to determine the amount of red chili farmers' income in Noelbaki Village,Kupang Tengah District,Kupang Regency,and to determine the feasibility of red chili farming in Noelbaki Village,Kupang Tengah District, Kupang Regency. The population in this study were farmers who cultivate red chili plants as many as 92 farmers.While the determination of the sample was carried out by simple random sampling so that 31 people were obtained.The results showed that: (1). The total cost incurred for red chili farming is Rp.177,768,807/ha with a total revenue of IDR 908,000,000/ha and income of IDR 730,231,193/year/ha.(2).The feasibility R/C ratio of red chili farming in the study area in Noelbaki Village, Kupang Tengah District, Kupang Regency is 5.10 where the R/C ratio is > 1, which means that red chili farming in the study area is feasible or profitable

Improving The Efficiency and Quality of Sharia General Insurance at Sun Life Insurance at PT. Sun Life Syariah Medan Branch

In general, insurance is providing risk protection to the insurer, namely an insurance organization and an agreement agreed upon for a certain period of time. PT Sun Life Syariah Medan Branch is a Sharia general insurance organization located on Jl. Captain Jumhana No. 127, Sukaramai II, Kec. Medan Area, Medan City, North Sumatra. The aim of this research is to find out how to increase the efficiency and quality of superior Sharia general insurance products at PT Sun Life Syariah Medan Branch. The research method uses qualitative methods. The research results obtained are that the level of efficiency of an organization is not determined by the amount of total income, total expenditure, or the total capital owned by the company. However, on the contrary, it is influenced by the business's ability to maximize profits through the effective use of its own resources, which determines the level of efficiency. For this reason, it can be concluded that the Sun Life Financial Syariah Medan Branch organization has better management skills than traditional insurance organizations to design products optimally and minimize the costs required.

Simulation of decision-making processes regarding the formation of an invest-ment portfolio using IT

Significant changes observed in the global economy and in particular in Ukraine in recent years have significantly increased interest in the problems of investment theory. An example of this is the intensification of trading in shares of large and medium-sized international companies and cryptocurrencies, which causes a rapid increase in their values. It is known that in the theory of investments, the task of optimizing the set of components of investment portfolios is considered as a special case. As you know, the issue of decision-making regarding the formation and optimization of an investment portfolio is in the field of attention both for large investment companies and for private investors, since when choosing among possible alternatives for the distribution of capital investments within the market of financial assets, the investor will receive different results. As a result, it is necessary to understand the amount of income received during the period of ownership of the investment portfolio. It is known, according to Gary Markowitz's theory of investment risk, that the optimal distribution of the filling of the investment portfolio should provide the best income while maintaining the lowest risks. At the same time, the decision regarding the structure of capital distribution is often made in conditions of uncertainty, and the profitability of investing capital in investment objects is of a random nature. Since uncertainty creates additional risks, the investment of capital and the task of optimizing the investment portfolio must be considered and solved in the presence of risk. At the same time, effective investment activities require the use of special mathematical methods and informational tools to support decision-making. In the article, using the Ruby programming language, a model is proposed that can be used in the decision-making process when forming a set of components of a portfolio of securities, which allows potential investors to independently assess the effectiveness of a set of investment portfolios by comparing the growth dynamics of shares available on the financial market. It is known that most of the information an investor encounters is in a tabular format, and according to the methodology of scientific knowledge, a person better perceives visualized ways of presenting information. The model proposed in the work uses visualization tools built into the software product, which presents available tabulated information in a structured graphic form.

Exports and Income Inequality in Mexico

What is the effect of exports on local income inequality in developing countries? To respond to this question, we combine data on exports with a panel of welfare indicators for 2000 Mexican municipalities, and implement an instrumental variable approach to address endogeneity concerns. Our results show that a 10 per cent increase in the exports per worker reduces local income inequality, measured by the Gini coefficient, by 0.17 points (using a 0 to 100 scale). This is driven by income growth among households at the bottom of the income distribution. We also find that although exports do raise the total amount of labour incomes at the municipal level, average labour incomes do not change. This occurs because municipalities with growing exports also experience an increase in employment and working-age population driven by inflows of returning migrants and lower emigration outflows. Remittances also decline in response to rising exports.

Regional differentiation of the tax burden on personal income in Canada

The income of citizens reflects the degree of economic development of the country, and in the regional aspect – the degree of economic development of each region. Canada is very similar to Russia in its geographical location, nature and climate, so the standard of living of the population in this country is of interest. One of its indicators is the income of citizens. The state’s approach to personal income taxation reflects the general socio-economic policy in the country. The study analysed the tax burden on personal income in the provinces of Canada in 2000–2022, determined the dynamics of this indicator for the period under review, and identified the existence of correlation between the amount of income and the tax burden on it in the regional aspect. The results obtained found that in Canada, there is a conditional division into eastern provinces with a traditionally high tax burden, western provinces with a national average tax burden, and northern territories with a relatively low tax burden. A certain inverse relationship between the amount of citizens’ income and the tax burden on it has been established. In regions with high incomes, the tax burden is usually lower, and in regions with low incomes, it is generally higher. However, there are regions that are exceptions, which shows the relative financial independence of regional authorities in Canada. The dynamics of the tax burden on personal income in the analysed period reflected the impact of the crises of 2008 and 2020 when it decreased. This fact demonstrates the sensitive response of regional governments to the changing economic situation.

The Prevalence of Food Insecurity among Postgraduate Students and Its Impact on Their Academic Performance: Evidence from Jordan

Background: Food insecurity (FI) is a public health issue which is receiving increasing attention in many countries. In responding to sustainable development goals, achieving food security is of essential importance. This study aims to demonstrate the level of food insecurity among postgraduate students at Jerash University/Jordan, discuss the most important factors associated with it, and show its relation to the student's academic performance. Methods: A random sample of 126 postgraduate students has been interviewed in this cross-sectional study. The level of FI for the study sample was determined using the 10-item US Adult Household Food Security Scale Module (HFSSM). The association between students’ characteristics and their food security (FS) level was analyzed through chi-square test and a multivariate regression method. Results: The results of the study revealed that 67% had marginal or fragile food security level, 25% were highly food secure, and 8% of the sample suffered from food insecurity. The results showed that the association between food security and students' gender and age was insignificant (P > 0.05). As for the rest of the associated characteristics, there was a significant relationship between the students' food security and their marital status, family size, stable-income work, and their monthly income. Conclusion: A percentage of postgraduate students suffer from food insecurity, which is an important obstacle to their academic progress. Moreover, the level of food security is related to the student's marital status, family size, job with stable income, and the amount of monthly income.

ANALISIS KEBERAGAMAN USAHA RUMAHTANGGA PETANI PADI SAWAH LEBAK DI PINGGIRAN KOTA PALEMBANG

Livelihood strategies are various alternative efforts carried out by households to fulfill living needs for sustainable livelihoods. Through the livelihoods approach, we can understand how people/communities create a livelihood, and how they try to survive. The lives of lowland rice farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City are inseparable from the problem of the water regime conditions of the lowlands with all the impacts it causes as well as social and economic aspects and resource aspects (land conversion) from agriculture to residential and housing land. This research aims to 1) analyze the level of business diversity of farmer households, 2) calculate the amount of income of lowland rice farmer households from the on farm, off farm and non farm sectors. 3) distribute the contribution of various incomes from the off-farm and non-farm sectors to the household income of lowland rice farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City. The data used and the analysis carried out used a combination of primary survey data and qualitative data from the results of in-depth interviews with a sample of 32 families. The results of the research show that the diversity of household businesses of lebak farmers on the outskirts of Palembang City, with the calculation of the entropy index, obtained a value of 0.73. This shows that the efforts made by household members are very good. diverse. The average income from rice farming is Rp. 16,168,113.32 /lg/yr and its contribution to the household is moderate (54.96%), the average non-rice farming income is Rp. 4,319,548.42/year with its contribution to households in the low criteria category (14.68%), and the average non-farming income is IDR. 8,928,750.00/year and its contribution to households in the medium criteria category (30.35%).

Economic impacts of regulatory decisions on reit dividend distribution

Real estate investment trusts (REITs) have recently gained prominence in the capital market. From an accounting point of view, the Maxi Renda Trust (MXRF11) has been the subject of recent discussions and contradictory decisions within the scope of the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) regarding the calculation basis for the dividend distribution. In this context, we sought to investigate the economic impacts of fair value measurement under the framework of CVM’s decisions in the Maxi Renda Trust and to verify how the theory of regulation can explain regulatory body decisions. The trust income for the period from 2015 to 2021 was restated based on the cash basis, used by the trust, and the accrual method, determined by the CVM, in order to identify differences in the amount of income that would be distributed with the change in the methodology issued by the regulatory agency. Also, an analysis of CVM’s decisions and the trust’s administrator’s arguments was also conducted, to identify elements that could be correlated with the regulatory body’s performance under the aspects of the theory of regulation. As a result, it was demonstrated that there is an economic impact on the minimum income calculated to be distributed by the trust between the two methodologies (cash and accrual), with smaller amounts for distribution considering the accrual basis, which exclude revenues and expenses that do not transit through cash, as is the case of fair value measurement. CVM’s decisions may have resonance in the public interest theory so that the regulatory body’s performance was aimed at protecting the investor, even though it may have suffered pressures exerted by interest groups or even captured by the regulated parties since it changed the initial understanding of the case. Besides the theoretical contribution, with the possibility of expanding studies on the applicability of accounting standards related to the measurement of fair value in investment trusts and their economic impacts, the study applied to the Maxi Renda Trust provides a better understanding of the topic to subsidize investors regarding decision making on investments in this type of trust.