Amount Of HPMC Research Articles

Enhancing Gluten-Free Bread Production: Impact of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose, Psyllium Husk Fiber, and Xanthan Gum on Dough Characteristics and Bread Quality.

The demand for gluten-free products has increased due to improved diagnoses and awareness of gluten-related issues. This study investigated the effect of HPMC, psyllium, and xanthan gum in gluten-free bread formulations. Three tests were conducted, varying the amount of these ingredients: in the first formulation, the amount of HPMC was increased to 4.4 g/100 g of flour and starch; in the second, psyllium husk fiber was increased to 13.2 g/100 g of flour and starch; and in the third formulation, xanthan gum was removed. Differences were observed among the formulations: increasing HPMC reduced extrusion force without affecting bread quality; adding psyllium increased dough elasticity but also crumb gumminess and crust hardness. Eliminating xanthan gum altered dough rheology, resulting in a softer and less gummy crumb, and a less reddish color in the final bread.

Taguchi Design for Development of Lipid-Polymer Effervescent Floating Tablets for Metformin Prolonged Release

TFloating drug delivery systems (FDDS) formulated with hydrophilic polymers and effervescent agents are a promising gastro retentive tool for prolonged drug release, especially with drug with low bioavailability and low solubility. Lately, it has been reported that the combination of lipids with hydrophilic polymers in the development of blends or composite hybrid materials may bring together the properties of individual components. This study proposed four formulations of effervescent lipid-polymer FDDS through a Taguchi experimental design for metformin’s prolonged release. Tablets were obtained by wet granulation, and the effect of HPMC, Compritol®, and sodium bicarbonate was studied. All formulations were evaluated with pharmacotechnical and biopharmaceutical properties such as in-vitro drug delivery, flotation, swelling, erosion and release kinetics. Effervescent lipid-polymer FDDS were obtained with prologued release until 24 hours. Formulation F1 meets the acceptance criteria of USP extended delivery. Compritol®, combined with HPMC and sodium bicarbonate, impacted release behavior and buoyancy properties. Formulations with high amounts of HPMC and Compritol® were found to have the lowest release rates and followed the Peppas-Sahlin kinetic model. Successful preparation of effervescent lipid-polymer was achieved and evaluated through a Taguchi experimental design, expected to result in prologued release and better therapeutic behavior

HPMC/PVP K90 Dissolving Microneedles Fabricated from 3D-Printed Master Molds: Impact on Microneedle Morphology, Mechanical Strength, and Topical Dissolving Property.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing can be used to fabricate custom microneedle (MN) patches instead of the conventional method. In this work, 3D-printed MN patches were utilized to fabricate a MN mold, and the mold was used to prepare dissolving MNs for topical lidocaine HCl (L) delivery through the skin. Topical creams usually take 1-2 h to induce an anesthetic effect, so the delivery of lidocaine HCl from dissolving MNs can allow for a therapeutic effect to be reached faster than with a topical cream. The dissolving-MN-patch-incorporated lidocaine HCl was constructed from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC; H) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP K90; P) using centrifugation. Additionally, the morphology, mechanical property, skin insertion, dissolving behavior, drug-loading content, drug release of MNs and the chemical interactions among the compositions were also examined. H51P2-L, H501P2-L, and H901P2-L showed an acceptable needle appearance without bent tips or a broken structure, and they had a low % height change (<10%), including a high blue-dot percentage on the skin (>80%). These three formulations exhibited a drug-loading content approaching 100%. Importantly, the composition-dependent dissolving abilities of MNs were revealed. Containing the lowest amount of HPMC in its formulation, H901P2-L showed the fastest dissolving ability, which was related to the high amount of lidocaine HCl released through the skin. Moreover, the results of an FTIR analysis showed no chemical interactions among the two polymers and lidocaine HCl. As a result, HPMC/PVP K90 dissolving microneedles can be used to deliver lidocaine HCl through the skin, resulting in a faster onset of anesthetic action.

High-performance electrochromic device based on poly acrylamide gel polymer electrolyte containing hypromellose

Cellulose is one of the most widely distributed and abundant natural polymer material. Hypromellose (HPMC), a cellulose derivative, has received much attention in recent years in the field of electrolytes because of its biodegradability, high transparency, excellent water solubility and biocompatibility. In this work, poly acrylamide (PAM)-based hydrogel electrolytes with high ionic conductivity (5.3 × 10−2 S cm−1) and high transmittance (95.8% at 672 nm) were prepared by thermocuring AM monomer containing a certain amount of HPMC. We assembled an electrochromic device (ECD) based on this gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) with Prussian blue (PB) film and WO3·xH2O film. The ECD enables color switching between colorless and blue states. The optical modulation at 672 nm is 73.2% and the coloration efficiency is 154.7 cm2⋅C−1. The coloration time and bleaching time are 2.5 and 3.1 s, respectively. In addition, the optical modulation of the ECD remains 93.7% of its initial value after 1,000 cycles, demonstrating a good cycling stability of the ECD, which should be attributed to the existence of large number of hydrogen bonds between PAM and HPMC.

Curcumin amorphous solid dispersions benefit from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E50 to perform enhanced anti-inflammatory effects

The solubility and permeability enhancement of curcumin (Cur) is crucial for its manufacture and application in medical field. Herein, Cur amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) with enhanced drug solubility and permeability was formulated by Eudragit EPO (EuD) and biological macromolecules of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E50 (HPMC), and significant functions of HPMC for Cur ASDs were mainly studied. The results showed that the mean particle size of Cur decreased from more than 300 nm to less than 200 nm with the addition of HPMC in excipient aqueous solution evidenced by dynamic light scattering result, confirming that HPMC had the ability to inhibit crystallization by lowering drug-rich droplets in the initial mixing process. Innovatively for molecular dynamic modeling study, crystalline Cur molecules in EuD medium trended to aggregate while not for EuD/HPMC 1:1 and EuD/HPMC 3:1 medium. HPMC functioned as surfactant converted the arrangement of phospholipid bilayers to un-ordered, and un-ordered state of phospholipids lead to the enhancement of Cur transmembrane using HPMC as auxiliary excipient. Cur-EuD/HPMC 3:1 contributed greatly to the Cur permeability, leading to obtain superior relative oral bioavailability and anti-inflammatory effect. Cur ASDs with proper amount of HPMC can be rendered as outstanding therapeutic strategy for medical application.

Optimization of HPMC and Na-CMC as Gelling Agents on Physical Properties and Stability in Sunflower Seed Oil Gel Formulation

Abstract: In recent years, skincare with natural ingredients is being developed for it has fewer side effects and is relatively suitable for all skin types. One of the potential ingredients from the natural ingredients is sunflower seed oil, which has proven to have potential as a skin moisturizer and fight acne bacteria. The purpose of this study was to make a gel formulation of sunflower seed oil by optimizing the combination of the gelling agent of HPMC and Na-CMC. The Simplex Lattice Design method was used to optimize the gel base with Design Expert software version 13. There were 8 gel formulas made and evaluated including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion. The independent variables in SLD were the amount of HPMC and Na-CMC, while the responses included pH, viscosity, and spreadability. The optimal formula suggested by SLD is a combination of 1.451% HPMC and 1.549% Na-CMC. The optimal formula has a pH of 6.813 ± 0.041, a viscosity of 194.8 ± 2.94 dPas, an adhesion of 6.29 ± 0.50 seconds, and a spreadability of 21.5 ± 10.05 cm2. The optimum prediction formula from the software has no significant difference from the test results which show that the method can be used to predict the physical properties of sunflower seed oil gel preparations. The results of the physical stability test also stated that its physical properties were stable in terms of pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesion.&#x0D;

Darifenacin Self-assembled Liquid Crystal Cubic Nanoparticles: a Sustained Release Approach for an Overnight Control of Overactive Bladder

The current study is regarding the development and characterization of Darifenacin-loaded self-assembled liquid crystal cubic nanoparticles (LCCN). An anhydrous approach was used for the preparation of these cubic nanoparticles using a hydrotropic agent (propylene glycol), with minimal energy input. Upon dispersion in aqueous medium, the system was successfully transformed to cubosomal nanoparticles counterpart as depicted by transmission electron micrographs. A Box-Behnken design was used to optimize formulation variables, namely A: amount of GMO, B: amount of Pluronic F127, C: amount of PG, and D: amount of HPMC. The design has generated 29 formulae which were tested regarding drug content uniformity, dispersibility in water, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and in vitro release behavior. The numerical optimization algorithms have generated an optimized formula with high desirability ≈ 1. The optimized formula displayed small particle size, good homogeneity, and zeta potential along with controlled in vitro release profile and ex vivo permeation through rabbit intestine. Thus, self-assembled LCCN might offer an alternative anhydrous approach for the preparation of cubosomal nanoparticles with controlled release profile for a possibly better control of overactive bladder syndrome which tremendously affect the overall life quality.Graphical

FORMULASI GEL HAND SANITIZER EKSTRAK DAUN PALIASA (Kleinhovia hospita Linn) DENGAN GELLING AGENT HPMC

Gel hand sanitizer is a novel product formula that can be utilized as a cost-effective and portable replacement for hand washing soap. One of the plants whose leaves can be used as a central component of hand sanitizer gel is the Paliasa plant (Kleinhovia hospita Linn). Staphylococcus and Escherichia coli resist the antimicrobial effects of alkaloids, tannins, and saponins. To create the hand sanitizer gel, three different concentrations of the HPMC gelling ingredient were used: 1%, 2%, and 3%. Variations in the amount of HPMC used in each formulation impact the gel's characteristics, particularly its viscosity, spreadability, and adherence. Following the cycle test, the three formulations' viscosity decreased, but their pH, spreadability, and stickiness increased. There was no significant difference between the stability test on day 0 and day 12 for pH, viscosity, spreadability, and gel adhesion, according to testing utilizing the paired sample T-test. &gt; 0.05.

APPLICATION D-OPTIMAL METHOD ON THE OPTIMIZATION OF FORMULATION OF KINTAMANI ARABICA COFFEE GEL (Coffea arabica L.)

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) kintamani is a superior agricultural product from Bali. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) contains many compounds, one of which is caffeine which is beneficial for health and beauty. This study aims to formulate kintamani arabica coffee beans into a gel dosage form. The optimization formula of kintamani arabica coffee bean gel was made using the D-Optimal method using a combination of HPMC and propylene glycol as observation variables and spreadability, pH, and viscosity of the gel preparation as experimental responses. The study of caffeine from the gel preparation was carried out using a Franz diffusion cell. Caffeine content in the gel preparation and its release are determined by spectrophotometric method. The results showed that the amount of HPMC used would increase the viscosity value (+14113.92) and decrease the spreadability (-0.29) and pH (-6.59167E-003) of the gel. The greater the amount of propylene glycol used will decrease the viscosity value (-2484.54) and increase the spreadability value (+0.30) and pH (+0.31802) of the gel. The conclusion of this study is the use of a combination of HPMC and propylene glycol (6%:17%) resulted in the optimum formula with a viscosity value of 44,070 cps, a spreadability value of 3.6 cm, and a pH value of 5.32. The caffeine content obtained in the gel preparation was 188.47 g and the amount of caffeine released from the gel preparation for 6 hours of testing was 4.95%.

Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Film of Imipramine Hcl

This research work was aimed to provide faster onset of action of Imipramine Hcl (used for the treatment depression and bed wetting) by formulating its fast-dissolving film (FDF). Imipramine Hcl belongs to BCS I. The FDF of Imipramine Hcl was prepared by solvent casting method using HPMC (film forming agent), Glycerol (plasticizer), Citric acid (saliva stimulating agent), Mannitol (sweetening agent). The formulation was optimized by two factors, three levels (32) was used for the formulation optimization of fast dissolving film of Imipramine Hcl and experimental trials are performed on all 9 formulations. In which the amount of HPMC, Glycerol was selected as independent variables (factor) varied at three different level: low (-1), medium (0), and high (+1) levels. The drug release and disintegration time used as dependent variables (response). and formulation was evaluated for weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content, in- vitro disintegration, in vitro dissolution study and stability study. Based on results it was concluded that FDF (F3) showed faster onset of action.

Revealing the mechanism of morphological variation of amorphous drug nanoparticles formed by aqueous dispersion of ternary solid dispersion

Probucol (PBC)/hypromellose (HPMC)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) ternary solid dispersions (SDs) of various weight ratios were prepared and evaluated to unveil the effect of HPMC and SDS on the formation of amorphous PBC nanoparticles. The morphological variation of the PBC nanoparticles prepared using SDs of different compositions was determined using dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Statistical analysis of particle size versus roundness of PBC nanoparticles was carried out based on cryo-TEM images. A clear correlation was observed between the morphologies of the PBC nanoparticles and the amounts of HPMC and SDS, either admixed in SDs or pre-dissolved in an aqueous solution. The admixed HPMC in SDs was demonstrated to play the major role in determining the primary particle sizes of discrete amorphous PBC nanoparticles. Based on 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy, this phenomenon should be due to the enlarged size of the PBC-rich domains in SDs, which depended on the decreasing amounts of admixed HPMC. Although the pre-dissolved part of HPMC had less impact on the primary particle sizes, it was found to inhibit the particle agglomeration and recrystallization of amorphous PBC nanoparticles. On the other hand, sufficient SDS admixed in SDs could suppress the size enhancement of the PBC-rich domains during water immersion and nanoparticle evolution (agglomeration and crystallization) after aqueous dispersion. The pre-dissolved SDS could restrain the agglomeration of amorphous PBC nanoparticles, ultimately forming hundreds of irregular nanometer-order structures. Since the increase in size during water immersion, their sizes were still slightly larger than those obtained with a high portion of admixed SDS. The findings of this study clarified the usefulness and necessity of adding polymers and surfactants to SDs to fabricate drug nanoparticle formulations.

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF BILAYER FLOATING TABLET OF AMOXICILLIN

Bilayer floating tablet of amoxicillin was formulated successfully and evaluated under suitable parameters. All the batches of tablet produced were found to exhibit short floating lag times. The tablet of batch F2 exhibited a longer floating lag time of 23 minutes. Relationship between the dependent and independent variables was further elucidated using contour and response surface plots. Dissolution profiles that the tablets of batch F3, F7, and F12 exhibits initial burst phase during the first hour of dissolution. The burst phase was followed by a limited drug release for the rest of the period. Also it was observed during the dissolution studies that tablets of all three batches eroded quickly with increased effervescence. Time required for 50 % drug to get released (T50%) and %CR10hrs were found to be in the range of 0.7 to 8.6 hours and 57.35 ± 3.89 to 99.93 ± 0.07 respectively, value of “Prob &gt; F” less than 0. 05. Response surface plots and Contour plot indicated that at a fixed level of B (35 mg) and low level of A (amount of HPMC), % CR10hrs increases from 68.11 to 90.00 % and T50% decrease from 6.86 to 1.66 as the amount of citric acid (C) increases from 0 to 10 mg. Stability study was performed for optimized formulation and it was found that formulation was stable for 6 week at 25 °C/ 60% RH. KEYWORDS: Bilayer floating tablet, amoxicillin, Evaluated, Multi-layered tablet, Stability

Characteristics of an Emulsion Obtained Using Hydrophobic Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose as an Emulsifier and a High-Pressure Homogenizer

Hydrophobically modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HM-HPMC), a polymer in which a small amount of HPMC is stearoxyl substituted, was used as an emulsifier of emulsion-type lotion. A high-pressure homogenizer (microfluidizer) was used. The viscosity of the 1% HM-HPMC aqueous gel decreased after passing through the microfluidizer from 5.5 to 2.7 Pa·s. When liquid paraffin (LP) was used as the oil phase, a stable emulsion was obtained with an LP ratio of 1-40%. The apparent viscosity decreased with LP ratios up to 20%, and then increased with increasing LP concentration. The emulsions with an LP ratio <20% presented a pseudo-viscous flow, similar to that of the diluted polymer solution. HM-HPMC likely adsorbed onto the oil with a stearoxyl group; thus, the interaction between the stearoxyl group, which explained the high viscosity of HM-HPMC, decreased, reducing the viscosity of the emulsion. The LP ratio was 40%, and the emulsion presented a plastic flow, which is typical of concentrated emulsions. The size of the droplet in the emulsion was approximately 1 µm regardless of the LP ratio. When low-viscosity LPs or monoester-type oils such as isopropyl myristate were used, some of the emulsions presented creaming. An emulsion using HM-HPMC as an emulsifier and an appropriate oil homogenized with a microfluidizer is stable, has low viscosity, and can be easily spread on skin.

Development and Optimization of Methscopolamine Bromide Gastroretentive Floating Tablets Using 32 Factorial Design.

The aim of this study was to formulate methscopolamine floating drug delivery system to increase its gastro retention for further enhancement of absorption and overall bioavailability. Direct compression method was used to formulate floating drug delivery system of methscopolamine bromide.: Different amount of HPMC, PVP K25, and MCC were used for preparation of tablets. The prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, floating lag time, swelling index and in-vitro drug release. All the formulations showed less than 10% of weight variation. The hardness and thickness of all the formulations were within the range of 3.7-4.2 kg/cm2 and 3.63-3.83 mm respectively. Floating lag time for all the formulations was reported in seconds. The degree of swelling was reported in range of 82.10-85.83%. In vitro release was carried out for 24 h. The maximum release was shown by F1 (93.947%) while the minimum release was observed for F4 (90.420%). The best formulation was optimized on the basis of percentage cumulative drug release, floating lag time and swelling index. F1 found to be the best formulation. Further on analyzing the drug release mechanism, F1 found to exhibit korsmeyer peppas model of drug release. Floating gastroretentive tablet of methscopolamine bromide was successfully developed using direct compression method with potential to enhance the drug absorption and effective treatment of peptic ulcer.

Development of Transdermal Patches for the Delivery of Chlorpheniramine in Infants using Hypromellose and Cassava Starch Composite Polymers

Background: Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine that is used in the treatment of rhinitis and other allergies. Objectives: The objectives of this research was to develop and evaluate transdermal patches for improved delivery of chlorpheniramine in infants using hypromellose and cassava starch composite polymers. Methods: Chlorpheniramine transdermal patches were formulated by solvent casting method using varying amounts of hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), cassava starch and polyethylene glycol 4000. The formulated transdermal patches were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FT-IR), folding endurance, elongation breaking test, percentage moisture uptake/loss and ex vivo permeation studies. Results: The spectra showed no chemical interaction between the ingredients. The transdermal patches showed elastic qualities and high folding endurance. Patches with consistently high moisture uptake (around 40%) were observed to contain high concentration of cassava starch while those with higher amounts of HPMC lost more water (around 35%). The ex vivo study showed efficient permeation and flux for the target purpose. Conclusion: Transdermal patches may be used to deliver low dose chlorpheniramine drug through the skin possibly soft and thin infant skin.&#x0D; Keywords: Transdermal; permeation; flux; allergy; chlorpheniramine

Polymer Type Impacts Amorphous Solubility and Drug-Rich Phase Colloidal Stability: A Mechanistic Study Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

The polymer used in an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation plays a critical role in dosage form performance. Herein, drug-polymer interactions in aqueous solution were evaluated in order to better understand the dispersion stability of the colloidal drug-rich phase generated when the amorphous solubility is exceeded. The amorphous solubility (Sa,IBP) of ibuprofen (IBP) decreased when hypromellose (HPMC) or polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate (PVP-VA) were present in solution. Solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy revealed that a large amount of HPMC and PVP-VA distributed into the IBP-rich phase. The mixing of HPMC and PVP-VA with the IBP-rich phase led to the decreased Sa,IBP. In contrast, the charged amino methacrylate copolymer (Eudragit E PO, EUD-E) showed minimal mixing with the IBP-rich phase; however, this polymer did lead to solubilization of IBP in the bulk aqueous phase. Although the IBP-rich phase generated by dissolving IBP at concentrations above Sa,IBP rapidly coarsened followed by creaming in the absence of polymer, all of the polymers stabilized the IBP dispersion to some extent. The droplet size of the IBP-rich phase immediately after formation was around 300 nm in HPMC and PVP-VA solutions, and around 800 nm in the EUD-E solution. The mixing of the former two polymers with the drug-rich phase is thought to account for the smaller droplet size. Despite a smaller initial size, the dispersion stability of the IBP-rich droplets was relatively poor in the presence of PVP-VA. In contrast, the coalescence of the IBP-rich droplets was effectively suppressed by the steric repulsion and electrostatic repulsion derived from adsorbed HPMC and EUD-E, respectively. The present study highlights the complex effects of a polymer on the drug amorphous solubility and colloidal stability, which should be considered when optimizing ASD formulations with the goal of maximizing drug absorption.

Assessing the Impact of Formulation Variables on Dissolution Profile of Sustained Release Tablet of Metformin Hydrochloride by Quality by Design Approach

In the present study, sustained release tablet of metformin hydrochloride were formulated and analyse the impact of material and process attributes on dissolution profile employing Quality by design (QbD) approach. Taguchi design was employed to screen the critical factors and amount of HPMC, amount of compritol and compression force was selected as critical factors. The effect of critical factors on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of sustained, such as cumulative drug release at 2 hr (CDR 2), at 5 hr (CDR 5) and 8 hr (CDR8) was evaluated using Box-Behnken design. The optimised formulation was achieved with set of variable, such as a amount of HPMC (24.9%), amount of compritol (6.93%) and compression force (7.09 KN) and resulted into a tablet with a cumulative drug release 18.53%, 47.10% and 85% at 2, 5 and 8 hr respectively which was close to predicted value.

Design and Optimization of Bilayer Floating Gastroretentive Tablets of Metoprolol

Objectives: We aimed to formulate and optimize bilayer tablets of metoprolol tartrate consisting of both immediate and sustained release layer. Methods: A 23 factorial design was employed in formulating the GFDDS in which parameters, such as amount of HPMC (X1), sodium bicarbonate + citric acid (X2), and crospovidone (X3) were characterized as independent variables, whereas percent metoprolol release at 30 min (Y1), 4 hr (Y2), 8 hr (Y3), floating lag time (Y4), and total floating time (Y5) were considered as dependent variables. Findings: The formulations showed the biphasic release of metoprolol, where the immediate layer was completely disintegrated within 30 min and the release of the sustained layer was extended to 8 hr. Prompt disintegration of the immediate layer was facilitated by the combined effects of sodium starch glycolate and sodium bicarbonate + citric acid, whereas the extended release was assisted by HPMC. Formulations, where HPMC played the major role, were considered the best formulations. A good correlation was displayed between the experimental and predicted values that confirm the practicability of the model. Application/improvements: This study shows the effect of various variables in the release of metoprolol tartrate and formulates the bilayer tablets of metoprolol tartrate for the immediate and sustained drug release.Keywords: Metoprolol, Floating Drug Delivery System, Bilayer, Immediate Release Layer, Sustained Release Layer

Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Film of Prochlorperazine Maleate

This research work was aimed to enhance the oral bioavailability and provide faster onset of action of Prochlorperazine maleate (used for the treatment nausea and vomiting) by formulating its mouth dissolving film (MDF). Prochlorperazine belongs to BCS II and oral bioavailability of it’s about 11-15%. The MDF of Prochlorperazine maleate was prepared by solvent casting method using HPMC (film forming agent),Glycerol (plasticizer), Betacyclodextrin (solubilizing agent), Citric acid (saliva stimulating agent), Mannitol (sweetening agent). The formulation was optimized by two factors, three levels (32) was used for the formulation optimization of fast dissolving film of Prochlorperazine maleate and experimental trials are performed on all 9 formulation. In which the amount of HPMC, Glycerol were selected as independent variables (factor) varied at three different level: low (-1), medium (0), and high (+1) levels. The drug release and disintegration time used as dependent variables (response). and formulation was evaluated for weight variation, thickness, folding endurance, drug content, in- vitro disintegration, in vitro dissolution study and stability study. Based on results it was concluded that MDF (F3) showed enhanced bioavailability and faster onset of action.&#x0D; Keywords: Prochlorperazine maleate, Mouth dissolving film, bioavailability

Effect of molecular weight of hypromellose on mucin diffusion and oral absorption behavior of fenofibrate nanocrystal

We investigated the effect of variation in the molecular weight of hypromellose (HPMC) on the oral absorption of fenofibrate (FFB) nanocrystal. Four types of HPMC with different molecular weights and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were used as dispersion stabilizers for FFB nanocrystal suspension. Wet-milling of FFB crystal with HPMC and SDS formed diamond-shaped FFB nanocrystals with approximately 150 nm diameter. HPMC was strongly adsorbed onto the FFB nanocrystal interface, and the amount of HPMC adsorbed was not dependent on the molecular weight of HPMC. However, the decrease in the molecular weight of adsorbed HPMC led to an improvement in the permeability of FFB nanocrystal through the mucin layer. The decrease in molecular weight of HPMC enhanced the flexibility of FFB nanocrystal interface and effectively inhibited its interaction with mucin. This led to faster diffusion of FFB nanocrystal through mucin. In vivo oral absorption studies showed rapid FFB absorption from FFB nanocrystal formulations using HPMC of low molecular weights. The present study revealed that the molecular weight of the dispersion stabilizer for drug nanocrystal formulation should be taken into consideration to achieve improved absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs after oral administration.