Amount Of Fertilizer Research Articles

Interactive Effects of Inoculation with Two Isolates Providencia vermicola and Raoultella planticola and Two Levels of Mineral Fertilizers on Wheat Yield Increase

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of bio fertilizers produced from local isolates of Providencia vermicola and Raoultella planticola in field trials conducted during 2021-2022 at the Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, Bandar, Iraq, Using a completely randomized design with three replicates, microbial bio fertilizers were considered as the first factor, which included the use of single and double bacterial inoculums consisting of the above bacteria, while the second factor included two levels of fertilizers (0 and 50%) fertilizer recommendation. The experiment also included the use of two comparative treatments, the first with a full recommendation (160, 100 and 100 kg H-1) of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the second a negative comparison treatment without the use of biological or chemical fertilizers. Characteristics of 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biomass and percentage of above-ground elements (N, K, P) at 50% flowering stage. The results showed the superiority of the double fertilization treatment (P.vermicola and R.planticola) in the characteristics of grain yield and the percentage of elements (nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus) over all bio fertilization treatments, as rates were recorded (7.21 μg H-1, 3.51%, 2.27%), 0.73%). The treatment with half the recommended amount of fertilizer was superior to the treatment with no added fertilizer on all the characteristics studied, as it recorded (48.5 g, 6.76 μg H-1, 20.88 μg H-1, 3.05%, 2.33%, 0.70 %), and treatment Showing an overlap between (P.vermicola and R.planticola), half of the fertilizer recommendations were significantly better than (4.24%, 2.96%, 0.81%) in terms of percentage of NPK elements.

Innovative Soil, Water and Plant Management Promoting Sustainable Agriculture and Environments :A Review

There is a lot of pressure on today’s agricultural producers to fulfill the increasing food needs brought on by a growing population and a shrinking supply of land and other resources. In order to meet this challenge, many people are using excessive amounts of fertilizers and other chemicals. The soil health, land quality, and environmental impacts have all suffered as a result of this intense agricultural production that disregards ecological sustainability. So, future attempts to feed the expanding population should strive for higher agricultural productivity within sustainable ecosystems. In this context, creative initiatives are required, since business-as-usual approaches lack the capacity to deal with these issues. Agricultural sustainability is defined, and various soil and crop management strategies that aim to maximize crop yield under environmentally sustainable conditions are discussed. These include, but are not limited to, nutrient management, site-specific nutrient management, fertility management, integrated soil-crop system management, sustainable water management, and water conservation. In addition, nutrient management, fertility management, and integrated soil-crop system management have been shown to improve crop yields. According to this analysis, a sustainable production system may be created by integrating the many initiatives found in SCMS practices with both immediate and long-term preventative actions. Reducing chemicals’ consumption, such as that of fertilizers and pesticides, with improvements in the agricultural input use efficiency might cut greenhouse gases emissions while safeguarding the environment. The future of humanity and Earth depends on the success of sustainable agriculture, which has promise if both rich and developing countries work together to pursue ‘our shared destiny’ in order to increase food production with little impact on the environment.

Examining the Division of Housework among Potato Farmers in Serang Village Karangreja District Purbalingga Regency

Karangreja Sub-District is a potato-producing area. One of the producing areas is in Serang Village. Potato production in the sub-district has fluctuated due to several factors, namely fertilizers, pesticides, land area, and labour. Fertilizers and pesticides do not affect potato production. Potato farmers in Serang Village collaborate with the company so that the amount and type of fertilizers and pesticides used are the same. The land area also does not affect potato production because the land used is always the same. Labour is a factor that needs to be investigated further. This study examines the distribution of housework among potato farmers in Serang Village, Karangreja Sub-District, Purbalingga Regency. The research focuses on three aspects: 1) the distribution of productive housework, 2) the distribution of reproductive housework, and 3) the distribution of social housework. A qualitative descriptive approach is used, and the sample consists of 35 potato farmers selected through simple random sampling. Data is collected through questionnaires, observations, and document analysis. The Moser approach and work time outlay are used for data analysis. The findings reveal that productive housework, such as land preparation, planting, and harvesting, is predominantly carried out by husbands. Reproductive housework, including cooking, cleaning, and childcare, is mainly performed by wives. Social housework varies between husbands and wives, such as participation in recitation activities and farmer group meetings. The study contributes to understanding potato farmers' division of labour and housework.

Integrating biofertilizers and precision agriculture

Integrating biofertilizers and precision agriculture This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the integration of biofertilisers and precision agriculture, with the aim of creating a virtuous circle of agricultural growth and sustainability, by Cristina Cruz and Teresa Dias of the Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa. “What do plants feed on?” may seem a simple question, but our answer has changed over time, and there is still no consensus. From antiquity until the mid-18th century, we thought plants fed on organic compounds (i.e., the humus theory). With the advances in chemistry and the discovery of chemical elements, we considered that plants feed on water and mineral salts. The industrialisation of the Haber-Bosch process allowed the production of large quantities of affordable fertilizers, allowing the green revolution of the mid-20th century and intensive agriculture.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ САХАРНОЙ СВЕКЛЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ БУИНСКОГО МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО РАЙОНА РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТАТАРСТАН

The article presents the results of an agroecological assessment of the use of mineral fertilizers on sugar beet crops in the Buinsky municipal district over the past eight years (2015-2022). The scientific novelty lies in considering the issue of statistical processing of actual data on sugar beet yields and the level of application of mineral fertilizers for this crop in relation to a specific municipal district, which certainly has practical significance when making management decisions, determining the structure of the specific composition of mineral fertilizers. As a result of the study, the dependence of sugar beet yield on the amount of the main types of mineral fertilizers applied for the period from 2015 to 2022 was analyzed. Correlation analysis of sugar beet yield and the amount of various types of mineral fertilizers applied to this crop revealed the dependence of yield on the amount of potash fertilizers applied.Next, the formula for regression analysis of the dependence of sugar beet yield on the amount of potassium-containing mineral fertilizers was determined. Regression and correlation analyses of sugar beet cultivation have shown that the level of natural fertility of arable soils in the Buinsky district provides only 20 t/ha of root crops. The application of mineral fertilizers ensures the production of 35,5 t /ha of sugar beet. The increase in yield at the same time will be 15,5 t/ ha. The closest relationship between the increase in yield and nutrition elements was observed in potassium-containing fertilizers (coefficient 0.45). A slight tightness of dependence on the Cheddock scale was noted between an increase in yield and the level of application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers (0.08 and 0.11). This causes the fact that the soils under sugar beet are highly fertile and well provided with these nutrients.

Research Progress of Phosphorus Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency in Soil

Phosphorus is one of the essential macrotrophic elements in plants. It plays an important role in physiological and biological processes such as energy metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis, photosynthesis and glycolysis. Phosphate mine is also a non-renewable mineral resource, to ensure high yield crop, our country pours a large amount of phosphate fertilizer into farmland every year. Therefore, it is imperative to study the mechanism of efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer and the technology of reducing weight. Therefore, how to improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer and soil cumulative phosphorus has become a major scientific problem related to the sustainable production of crops, the realization of weight loss and efficiency and the green development of agriculture. In this paper, the research progress on the efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer in soil at home and abroad was reviewed. Finally, the future research directions on the efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer in farmland soil were prospected.

Assessment of Crop Residues and Corresponding Nutrients Return to Fields via Root, Stubble, and Straw in Southwest China

China stands as one of the world’s largest agricultural powerhouses, boasting abundant crop resources. Nonetheless, there remains a lack of clarity regarding the extensive scale of crop residue return in the fields. Drawing from direct field measurements and comprehensive survey data, this paper pioneers the reporting of residues from the five primary crops, shedding light on the associated nutrient components, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) replenishment via crop roots, stubble, and straw in the Southwest China region for the year 2012. The results showed that the total amount of the main crop residue resources was 97.4 Mt, which was composed of 17.8 Mt, 12.6 Mt, and 67 Mt for crop root, stubble, and straw, respectively. After crops harvested, there were 7165.8 kilotonne nutrient C, 132.2 kilotonne nutrient N, and 9.8 kilotonne nutrient P of crop residues returned to the fields through crop root, respectively, accounting for 44.6%, 48.2%, and 43.4% of the total nutrient returned, which was the main part of crop nutrients return to fields. The amount of nutrient C, N, and P returned through stubbles were 5017.3 kilotonne, 75.9 kilotonne, and 6.8 kilotonne, respectively, accounting for 31.3%, 27.6%, and 30.6% of the total return of crops. From the composition proportion of residues nutrients return to field, the orders were all expressed as follows: root > stubble > straw. According to the optimum fertilization amount of the main crops in Southwest China, the returned of crop residues nutrient N in maize, rice, rapeseed, and wheat can replace approximately 5.6%, 18.4%, 11.2%, and 14.8% of nitrogen fertilizer, and 2.4%, 8.3%, 3%, and 9.2% of phosphate fertilizer, respectively. This conclusion is beneficial for regulating the practice of returning crop residues to the fields and the use of agricultural fertilizers, aiming to achieve sustainable development in agricultural production.

Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Common Buckwheat Starch in Response to Different Fertilization Levels

AbstractBuckwheat is a typical medicinal and edible crop with high nutritional value, and the application of appropriate fertilizer can improve the quality of buckwheat starch. The changes of internal structure and physicochemical characteristics of common buckwheat grain starch under low, medium, and high fertilization levels are investigated. With increasing fertilizer amount, the volume proportion is increased, while the granule size distribution is reduced significantly. All of the common buckwheat starch samples show a typical A‐type pattern in X‐ray diffraction detection. Furthermore, with the increase of fertilization level, the amylose content, retrogradation, and the ratio of 1045/1022 cm−1 reduce and then raise, but the relative crystallinity, the ratio of 1022/995 cm−1, light transmittance, solubility, and swelling power increase and then decrease. In comparison to other fertilization levels, common buckwheat starch at the medium level has greater pasting temperatures and gelatinization enthalpy but lower pasting viscosities. These results indicate the medium fertilization level of 180 (N), 115.2 (P), and 84.6 (K) kg h−1 m−2 is more suitable for buckwheat starch quality, which can give information for buckwheat cultivation.

Screening of high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria from the traditional Chinese medicine plant Astragalus mongolicus and its effect on plant growth promotion and bacterial communities in the rhizosphere

BackgroundAstragalus mongolicus Bunge is used in traditional Chinese medicine and is thus cultivated in bulk. The cultivation of A. mongolicus requires a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, increasing the planting cost of medicinal materials and polluting the environment. Isolation and screening of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and exploring the nitrogen fixation potential of A. mongolicus rhizosphere microorganisms would effectively reduce the production cost of A. mongolicus.ResultsThis study used A. mongolicus roots and rhizosphere soil samples from Longxi County of Gansu Province, Jingle County, and Hunyuan County of Shanxi Province, China, to isolate and identify nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Through nitrogen fixation efficiency test, single strain inoculation test, and plant growth-promoting characteristics, three strains, Bacillus sp. J1, Arthrobacter sp. J2, and Bacillus sp. G4 were selected from 86 strains of potential nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which were the most effective in promoting the A. mongolicus growth and increasing the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in plants. The antagonistic test showed that these bacteria could grow smoothly under the co-culture conditions. The J1, J2, and G4 strains were used in a mixed inoculum and found to enhance the biomass of A. mongolicus plants and the accumulation of the main medicinal components in the field experiment. Mixed bacterial agent inoculation also increased bacterial diversity and changed the structure of the bacterial community in rhizosphere soil. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased significantly after inoculation, suggesting that Proteobacteria play an important role in plant growth promotion.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that specific and efficient PGPRs have a significant promoting effect on the growth of A. mongolicus, while also having a positive impact on the structure of the host rhizosphere bacteria community. This study provides a basis for developing a nitrogen-fixing bacterial fertilizer and improving the ecological planting efficiency of A. mongolicus.

Appropriate water and fertilizer supply can increase yield by promoting growth while ensuring the soil ecological environment in melon production

Water and fertilizer management in sustainable agricultural development needs to balance crop yield, quality, and soil ecological environment. Therefore, we conducted trials with nine treatments over two growing seasons in 2020 and 2021. The treatments included the three irrigation levels W1 (75% Ep), W2 (100% Ep), and W3 (125% Ep) and the three fertilization levels F1 (758.44 kg/hm2), F2 (948.05 kg/hm2), and F3 (1137.66 kg/hm2) with a N/P/K ratio of 2:1:3. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) gradually decreased with the plant growing period, and was significantly (*) affected by fertilization at the flowering and fruiting stages. The chlorophyll content increased by 43.75% from the vine to flowering and fruiting stages and decreased by 12.50% in the mature stage, reaching a maximum following W1 application. W2F2 was the most effective in promoting total dry mass (TDM) during the vine and mature stages. Irrigation, fertilization and the interaction exerted a highly significant effect on the fruit quality and yield. Soluble solids performed best under W1F1, while free amino acid reached a maximum under W3F2. Moreover, water use efficiency increased with the fertilization amount, and was maximized in W1F3. At the same fertilizer level, soil nitrate N and available P content exhibited an increasing then decreasing trend with the increasing irrigation amount, while soil available K content increased with irrigation at all growth stages. Structural equation models of yield and quality formation were then established based on the co-occurrence analysis. Pn indirectly regulated the melon growth by TDM (0.87) (***), while growth was identified as the most important direct factor affecting the yield and quality of melon. Furthermore, soil residues indirectly affected yield and quality composition through efficiency. This study indicates that the sustainable practices for water and fertilizer management are essential to improve melon yield and quality in arid and semi-arid regions, and contribute to reducing the risk of soil contamination from agricultural production.

The Impact of the Farming Insurance Program on the Efficiency of Lowland Rice Farming in Rias Village, South Bangka Regency

The rice farming insurance program (AUTP) aims to support farmers in their rice production. This study aimed to analyze the effect of farmers’ participation in the AUTP program on the technical efficiency of lowland rice farming in Rias Village. The sample was determined using purposive sampling, which included 30 AUTP participants and 30 non-AUTP participants. The data was analyzed using the stochastic frontier production function and independent sample t-test. The results showed that the total surface area of farming, the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer significantly affected rice production (α = 5 percent). Average value of technical efficiency of lowland farming was 0.50 (AUTP participating farmers) and 0.34 (non-AUTP participating farmers), which was below the threshold of the average technical efficiency (0.70). Thus, lowland rice farming was technically inefficient. The lowland rice farming of AUTP participants was slightly more efficient than non-AUTP participant farmers, but was not enough to redeem efficiency. Farmers’ age, education, number of family of farmers, duration of farmers joined a farmers group and farmers’ participation in the AUTP programs had significant effects on TE in lowland rice farming (α = 5 percent). Intensive assistance from the agricultural extension workers regarding the technical management of lowland rice farming would be beneficial.

Efficiency of the compensatory scheme of using Organic Acid Nano-Complex microfertilizers in spring wheat cultivation technology

In recent years, significant advances in nanotechnology have increased the ability to produce nanoparticles of physiologically important metals on a large scale, which are now used to improve fertilizer formulations to increase uptake by plant cells and minimize nutrient losses. Fertilizers with nanostructure can increase the efficiency of nutrient use through mechanisms such as targeted delivery, slow or controlled release. The aim of the research is to substantiate a compensatory scheme for the use of biodynamic nanofertilizers (nanocomplex micronutrient fertilizers with organic acids) by partially replacing the main macrofertilizers in the spring wheat fertilization system. The research was conducted on the basis of the educational and scientific laboratory Department of Plant Industry of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. In research, there were used the methods of field experiments of A.O. Rozhkov, notching method and scanning method for determination of leaf surface area. The studies showed that it is possible to replace within 30-40% of the recommended amount of mineral fertilizers with biodynamic nanofertilizers in the spring wheat fertilization system. In general, the use of nanofertilizers increased wheat growth and improved yield and yield components. Substitution of mineral fertilizers, Innoparmis Agroscience Biodynamic fertilizers, provides a more favourable 86-88% survival rate of spring wheat plants during the growing season. By replacing 34% of the recommended rate of mineral fertilizers, the content of photosynthetic pigments in wheat leaves increases by 5% and the leaf surface area increases by 7%. The created compensatory schemes for the use of biodynamic nanofertilizers by partial (34% in the wheat fertilization system) replacement of the main macronutrients can increase the yield of spring wheat by 9.9%. The proven possibility of replacing mineral fertilizers with biodynamic nanofertilizers in the fertilization system of agricultural crops will reduce environmental pollution and the economic dependency of using mineral fertilizers against the background of their rapid increase in price in recent years

Nitrogen Dynamics in Soil Treated with Plant-Growth Promoting Bacteria and Urea Fertilizer

The mineralization of urea fertilizer significantly impacts nitrogen movement in the soil. An incubation study was done on a lab scale basis to examine nitrogen dynamics in soil inoculated with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) supplemented with varying levels of nitrogen fertilizer in the form of urea (0% N, 25% N, 50% N, 75% N, and 100% N). In the present experiment, sandy clay loam soil was used and incubated for four weeks, and the concentrations of NH4+‒N and NO3–‒N were monitored using the destructive method (Kjeldahl) to determine the mineralization rate of urea. Results showed higher NH4+‒N (11.880 mg/kg mineralized with UPMRB9N50 treatment) and NO3–‒N (20.060 mg/kg mineralized with UPMRB9N50 treatment) concentrations in the bacteria-treated soil compared to the uninoculated control. Urea-N remains higher (0.0353% and 0.0253% from UPMRB9N50 treatment in the first and second weeks, respectively) in bacteria-treated soil during the first two weeks, then gradually becomes zero towards the end of the observing period. Nitrogen (N) leaching loss was lower in bacterial inoculated soil compared to the control, and the leaching loss of N was greater with the increased N fertilizer rates. Cumulative N leaching loss is higher (29.797 mg/kg) in 100% N-treated soil than in other treatments. The findings observed that the beneficial bacteria could enhance the N mineralization to make the nutrient available for the crop while, at the same time, reducing leaching losses of fertilizer when supplied with a minimum amount of chemical fertilizer, thereby saving the input cost and protecting the environment.

Effect of various doses of basal and foliar application of nitrogen and potassium with trace elements on summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

The present field study was carried out during summer season of 2020 and 2021 at Jaguli Instructional Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal to study the effect of solid and foliar grade of N and K along with trace elements in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. In main plot; F0, control; F1, 50% RDN and K; F2, 75% RDN and K and; F3, 100% RDN and K and sub-plot T1, Starter dose of N and K @2% with 10:20 ratio + micronutrient mixture of Fe, B, Zn and Mo foliar spray at 30 DAE; T2, Booster dose of N and K @2% with 5:40 ratio + micronutrient mixture of Fe, B, Zn and Mo foliar spray at 45 and 60 DAE; and T3, Starter dose + Booster dose. Growth and yield attributes of groundnut were significantly influenced by application of inorganic fertilizer and maximum were recorded with 100% of RDN and K. Foliar applications of RDN and K with a micronutrient mixture responded better at later stages (45 and 60 DAE) than at an earlier stage (30 DAE). Higher groundnut pod yield was obtained with basal application of 100% of RDN and K but performed statistically same response to the treatment 75% of RDN and K. The pod yield increased by 5–12% with each incremental dose of inorganic fertilizer, while it decreased in control. Booster dose of N and K gave higher pod and oil yield to starter dose. Maximum BCR of 2.38 and 1.99 was found in 100% of RDN and K and in booster doses of N and K. Inorganic fertilizer as basal and foliar application + micronutrients increased the groundnut pod yield but foliar application was not substitute to any quantity of inorganic fertilizer.

Internet of Things for Crop Farming: A Review of Technologies and Applications

Climate change, soil erosion, and degradation among others affect the growth and production of crops. Soil is suffering from intensive farming and unsustainable soil disturbance, leading to severe soil degradation. The Internet of Things (IoT) allows the monitoring of crucial environmental parameters such as soil nutrients, moisture, humidity, and temperature. A pre-understanding of these parameters allows agriculturists to use the optimum quantity of water and fertilizer for different types of soil. Soil fertility can be detected by using NPK sensors. The Internet of Things (IoT) brought a new face to the crop farming approach where conventional methods are automated and/or remotely controlled to improve crop farming. In this paper, a survey on IoT technologies for crop farming including sensors, communication, and network protocols in crop farming activities is considered. Additionally, applications of IoT technologies in soil management and monitoring, growth and yield estimation, and quality control mechanisms are presented.

Monitoring and Control System for Precision Agriculture Using Wireless Sensor Network

Agriculture is an essential part of the Pakistani economy, and it is embedded into the country’s antiquated financial framework. Intelligent systems can be developed through the usage of IoT-based technology. In hydroponics farming, precision is a challenge, particularly for some sensitive plants like bok choy and lettuce. These plants need a certain amount of fertilizer and water each time in order to grow as well as possible. The Internet of Things (IoT) enables routine monitoring of every element of a person's life. A remedy might be to periodically evaluate the plants' nutrient and water requirements. In this study, monitoring and control systems for hydroponic precision agriculture are developed using IoT and fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is utilized to control how much food and water the plants receive, and IoT is used to make it feasible to periodically assess the nutritional and water needs of plants.

Prediction models of macro-nutrient content in plant organs of Cucumis melo in response to soil elements using support vector regression.

Undoubtedly, the importance of food and food security as one of the present and future challenges is not invisible to anyone. Nowadays, the development of methods for monitoring the nutrient content in crop products is an essential issue for implementing reasonable and logical soil properties management. The modeling technique can evaluate the soil properties of fields and study the subject of crop yield through soil management. This study aims to predict fruit yield and macro-nutrient content in plant organs of Cucumis melo in response to soil elements using support vector regression (SVR). In the spring of 2020, this study was done as a factorial test in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor was the use of fertilizers in six levels: no fertilizer (control), cow manure (30 t ha-1), sheep manure (30t ha-1), nanobiomic foliar application (2 l ha-1), silicone foliar application (3 l ha-1), and chemical fertilizer from urea, triple superphosphate, and potassium sulfate sources (200, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). In addition, four levels of vermicompost considering as the second factor: no vermicompost (control), 5, 10, and 15 t ha-1. Input data sets such as fruit yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels in the seeds, fruits, leaves, and roots are used to calibrate the probabilistic model of SP using SVR. According to the results, when the data sets of the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the fruit uses as input, the accuracy of these models was higher than 80.0% (R2 = 0.807 for predicting fruit nitrogen; R2 = 0.999 for fruit phosphorus; R2 = 0.968 for fruit potassium). Also, the results of the prediction models in response to soil elements showed that the soil nitrogen content ranged from 0.05 to 1.1%, soil phosphorus from 10 to 59 mg kg-1, and soil potassium from 180 to 320 mg kg-1, which offers a suitable macro-nutrient content in the soil. Likewise, the best fruit nitrogen content ranged from 1.27 to 4.33%, fruit phosphorus from 15.74 to 26.19%, fruit potassium from 15.19 to 19.67%, and fruit yield from 2.16 to 5.95 kg per plant obtained under NPK chemical fertilizers and using 15 t ha-1 of vermicompost. Because the fruit values had the highest contribution in prediction than observed values, thus identified as the best plant organs in response to soil elements. Based on our findings, the importance of fruit phosphorus identifies as a determinant that strongly influenced melon prediction models. More significant values of soil elements do not affect increasing fruit yield and macro-nutrient content in plant organs, and excessive application may not be economical. Therefore, our studies provide an efficient approach with potentially high accuracy to estimate fruit yield and macro-nutrient in the fruits of Cucumis melo in response to soil elements and cause a saving in the amount of fertilizer during the growing season.

Effects of shading, soil moisture, fertilizations and sowing time on isoflavone content of soybean seed in Hokkaido

ABSTRACT Aiming to produce soybean seeds with high yield and high isoflavone content in Hokkaido, which has cool weather, we evaluated the effects of shading, soil moisture, fertilizations (K,N,P,Mo) and sowing time on yield and seed isoflavone content using mainly a high-isoflavone variety, Yukipirika. Shading treatments of 50 % and 70 % during the seed filling stage in a greenhouse decreased both yield and isoflavone content. Applying four soil moisture treatments from pF 1.5 to pF 2.8 in the seed filling stage in a greenhouse gave a positive correlation between soil moisture and both yield and isoflavone content. K fertilization treatments with different amount and various types of fertilizers were conducted in fields at medium or high level of K2O in soils typical of Hokkaido uplands. The additional K treatments did not increase yield or isoflavone content significantly in the field experiments. N (urea foliar application) treatments in fields did not affect yield and isoflavone content significantly. And P (phosphite root application) and Mo (seed treatment) in fields did not change isoflavone content, either. Sowing two weeks and four weeks later than the standard sowing time in a field decreased the yield but did not change the isoflavone content. From a practical application perspective, for producing soybean seeds with high isoflavone contents and high yield in Hokkaido, it is effective to plant at a standard time with a normal amount of fertilizer in fields with minimum shade and to maintain the soil moisture at well-watered levels during the seed filling stage.

COMPARISON OF SIDENUK NUCLEAR RICE AGRIBUSINESS WITH CILIWUNG RICE IN BAJENG DISTRICT, GOWA REGENCY

This study aims to analyze the comparison of production input use, production process, marketing, support, and income of rice fields planted with Sidenuk nuclear rice and rice fields planted with Ciliwung rice in Bajeng District, Gowa Regency. The data obtained were analyzed using the descriptive comparative method to compare the comparative use of production inputs, production processes, marketing, support and farm income, and using comparative test analysis using the t-test to compare differences in income between Sidenuk Nuclear rice farmers and Ciliwung rice farmers. There are differences in agricultural inputs in this study, the difference is the area of land, the type and amount of seeds used, the type and amount of fertilizer used, the type and amount of pest and plant disease drugs used, as well as the amount of labor and the length of work required. In the production section, there are differences in seeding time, transplanting time, the amount and time of weeding, fertilizer time, and harvest time. In the marketing and support section, no differences were found. T test results sig value, (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05 which means H0 is rejected so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between the net income of Nuclear Sidenuk rice farmers and Ciliwung rice farmers in Bajeng district, Gowa Regency.

Life Cycle Assessment of Winter Wheat Production Using Precision and Conventional Seeding Technologies

Sustainable and responsible agricultural production is one of the keys to keeping people, animals, soil, and the environment healthy. Precision seeding technologies for winter wheat, exploiting the variability of soil properties and adapting the technological processes of variable rate seeding and variable seeding depths, are essential not only to improving plant productivity and economic benefits but also to cleaner agricultural production. This work aimed to carry out a life cycle assessment (LCA) of winter wheat production and determine the environmental impact of different precision seeding technologies in terms of individual impact categories compared to conventional seeding technology. Experimental studies were carried out between 2020 and 2022 using conventional uniform seeding rate (URS) and several precision seeding technologies: in the first year—VRS for variable seeding rate and VRS + VRF for variable seeding rate and fertilizer rate, and in the second year—VRS and VRSD for variable seeding rate and variable depth, and VRSD + VRF for variable seeding rate, variable depth, and variable fertilizer rate. The results obtained for winter wheat grain yield showed that the effect of precision seeding technology on the increase of grain yield was not significant compared to the URS. A greater influence on grain yield was found in individual soil management zones, especially in the zone with the worst soil fertility. The LCA did not show any significant differences between precision seeding technology and conventional technology in any of the environmental impact categories. The GWP values (0.200–0.236 kg CO2eq kg−1) were most dependent on grain yield, as precision seeding technology had small changes in the amount of inputs (seeds and fertilizers), while all other technological operations were the same as under the URS technology. The amounts of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers decreased by 1.4 and 7.9%, respectively, and the amounts of winter wheat seeds and nitrogen fertilizers increased by 4.1 and 5.4%, respectively, compared to the URS.