Amount Of Fat Research Articles

T. Sutkovich, L. Polozhyshnikova, N. Oliynyk EXPANDING THE RANGE OF GLUTEN-FREE FLOUR CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS

An increase in the number of patients with gluten intolerance and celiac disease leads to the increase of the consumption of gluten-free foods. In addition, millions of people around the world consume gluten-free food not only because of the diagnosis of celiac disease, but also because of the common understanding of health support and disease prevention. The range of gluten-free food in Ukraine is not quite diverse, so the urgent task is to conduct research on its expansion and diversification. Flour confectionery was chosen as the object of research. As new recipe components – rice flour (RF) and coconut flour (CF). A characteristic of RF is low protein content, however, compared with proteins of other cereals, RF proteins are balanced in aminoacid composition, well absorbed by the body (digestion coefficient of 95.9%), starch content up to 80%, which is dominated by amylopectin, which causes increased hygroscopicity and swelling of the RF. In addition, the grains of rice starch have a small size (5… 6 μm), which leads to an increase in the specific surface area in contact with water when kneading the dough. The water-binding capacity of RF is low (132%), and this is due to the low content of dietary fiber (2.3%) and the properties of proteins. It was found that RF has a total (titrated) acidity of 2.2 degrees, contains few organic acids – the value of active pH acidity (5.65 – 5.7 units), the content of mono- and disaccharides in RF is 0.7%, which is 2.5 times lower than in wheat flour (WF). The activity of amylolytic enzymes is low. CF, in contrast to rice flour, contains 3.1% ash, 10.9% lipids, 12.1% protein and 60.9% dietary fiber. The amount of fiber is 39 g, which is 10 times more than in wheat flour, 3 times more than in wholegrain flour. The amount of protein in coconut flour is not inferior to wholegrain flour, but carbohydrates are much less than in any other flour. CF is equal to the bean flour according to the content of proteins and carbohydrates, has a distinct coconut scent, delicate, sweet flavor. The presence of sugar and fat in the composition of CF allows you to adjust the prescription composition of products from it. Dietary fiber, which is part of it, helps reduce the absorption of cholesterol and glucose in the blood, as well as the reduction of the glycemic index of food. Therefore, it is advisable to use CF in the diet of people prone to obesity and diabetes. It is not contained the inhibitors of digestive enzymes, unlike PF, from flour from beans and nuts, so CF can not interfere with digestion and assimilation of nutrients, including minerals. Therefore, it is advisable to use selected types of flour in the production of unleavened flour products. The aim of the work was to substantiate the use of blends based on CF and RF in the cake dough products manufacturing. The selection of the optimal flour content in the composition was based on the study of organoleptic descriptors of ready products. It is determined that obtaining ready products of proper quality is possible through the use of compositions based on RF: CF – 50:50%. Taking into account the functional properties and nutritional composition of the products, it was determined that the content of eggs in the prescription composition was increased 3 times, the amount of sugar and fat was reduced by 10%. New types of gluten-free products have been developed, which reduces dependence on imported products and provide opportunities for domestic producers to enter a new level of development.

Association between body condition genomic values and feed intake, milk production, and body weight in French Holstein cows.

Body condition score (BCS) offers a good estimate of the amount of stored fat on the body, and its variations can be used as a proxy for energy balance. Many countries have implemented a genomic evaluation of BCS, including France, where estimated breeding values are based on an individual BCS determination during the first lactation. In this article, we investigate the degree to which this genomic estimated breeding value based on a single phenotype record per cow might reflect different profiles of body reserves throughout lactation and be used to predict, and perhaps limit, their mobilization during early lactation. We also investigate whether selection on BCS affects other traits. A data set including 686 lactations of 435 Holstein cows from 3 experimental farms not used in the reference population for genomic evaluation was used to estimate the effects of the BCS direct genomic value (iBCS) on BCS, body weight, feed intake, milk production, and fat and protein contents throughout the lactation period. For each trait, the model included different iBCS regressions and an effect of the direct genomic value of the trait itself when available. It thus appeared that cows with a positive iBCS always had a higher BCS than negative iBCS cows, whatever the lactation stage, and that this difference increased during the first 6 mo to reach a difference of 0.8 point. A similar effect was seen regarding body weight, but it was the opposite for milk production, with negative iBCS cows producing slightly more milk (difference of about 3% over lactation). Feed intake increased slightly faster at the beginning of lactation for cows with positive iBCS. Therefore, iBCS is a promising tool that could help to limit intense mobilization during early lactation. Should feed efficiency be included in the breeding goal, greater attention should be paid to BCS to avoid further body mobilization in early lactation.

Quantitative Effects of Drying on Ripe and Unripe Plantain Using Convective Dryer

This paper reports the effect of convective heat on plantain (Musa paradisiaca). Ripe and unripe plantains were bought from Eremi-adale local market in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. The samples were washed, peeled, sliced into mass sizes of 20g each, and load into the chamber of a fabricated convective dryer. Samples were removed from the chamber after every hour for measurement to determine their moisture losses. The plantain samples were dried at various drying time and with regulated drying temperatures of 333K, 343K, and 353K. Results of the laboratory analysis review that, the viable microbial counts decrease when the drying temperatures increase. Ripe samples were found to have higher percentage of crude fibre, fat and protein, than the unripe samples while unripe samples have higher percentage of carbohydrate and ash than the ripe samples, at the drying temperatures. It was equally reported from the proximate analysis test that, the percentage amount of moisture content, carbohydrate and crude fibre decreases when the regulated drying temperatures increase while the amount of protein, fat and ash increases with an increase of the regulated drying temperatures.

Fatty Acids Composition of Basidiocarps of Some Wood Associated Medicinal Mushrooms (Agaricomycetes) from India.

In this investigation, crude fat contents and fatty acid compositions of lipids present in the basidiocarps of widely distributed, medicinally important, wild mushrooms (Fuscoporia torulosa, Inonotus pachyphloeus, Phellinus allardii, Ph. fastuosus, Ph. gilvus and Ph. sanfordii) collected from different localities of Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India were analyzed. Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector was performed to identify and quantify the individual fatty acids present in the lipids of each mushroom. Mushrooms exhibited comparable amounts of crude fats with maximum content (0.35%) in Ph. sanfordii. The dominant fatty acid in the examined mushrooms was palmitic acid (C16:0). Oleic acid (C18:1n9c) and linoleic acid (C18:2n6c) exhibited maximum contents among the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), respectively. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in F. torulosa, I. pachyphloeus and Ph. fastuosus were at higher concentrations than unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Ph. allardii, Ph. gilvus and Ph. sanfordii exhibited greater amounts of UFAs compared with SFAs. Among UFAs, MUFAs dominated the polyunsaturated ones except for I. pachyphloeus and Ph. sanfordii. Of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the contents of ω6 PUFAs were higher than ω3 PUFAs except for Ph. gilvus. Interestingly, a single trans fatty acid, elaidic acid (C18:1n-9t) (0.54-2.34%) was noticed in F. torulosa, Ph. fastuosus and Ph. sanfordii only. The examined mushrooms also differed in UFAs/SFAs, MUFAs/SFAs, PUFAs/SFAs, ∑ω6/∑ω3 and (linoleic acid) C18:2n6c/(oleic acid) C18:1n9c ratios. The presence of essential and non-essential fatty acids may make the examined mushrooms befitting candidates for use in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.

The Effect of Phycocyanin on the Microbial, Antioxidant, and Nutritional Properties of Iranian Cheese

The prevailing conditions for the production, storage, and sale of traditional cheese seem to increase the probability of microbial contamination. <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> are among the bacteria that may cause major complications such as diarrhea, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), food poisoning, and gastrointestinal infections in cheese consumers. The use of food coloring to enhance the microbial load of food products, as an innovative and cost-effective biological control, is one of the most efficient methods in managing the production, storage, and quality of food. Extracted naturally from <i>Spirulina</i> sp., phycocyanin is widely used in various pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and health industries. This is the first attempt to investigate the possible effect of adding phycocyanin pigment into traditional cheese, in order to improve-the nutritional value, quality and shelf life of traditional cheese. This study collected five different types of traditional cheese from different localities in Iran. The researcher immersed the samples in concentrations of 1%, 1.5% and 2% phycocyanin pigment. After identifying the existing bacteria, the possible effect of the pigment on the total number of bacteria, as well as the number of<i> E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>, were evaluated within 15 days. The study used Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and nitric oxide trapping with the sensory testing in order to determine the amount of protein, fat, ash, moisture, and antioxidant properties. Statistical analyses showed that, compared to the control group, the concentration of phycocyanin rose when the number of bacteria decreased and antioxidant activity increased in all types of cheese. The results revealed a significant increase in the amount of protein (93%), fat (80%), moisture (100%), and ash (67%). In addition, the highest consumer satisfaction was observed on day 1 and days 7 and 15; cheese with a concentrations of 1.5% and 2% pigments were preferred.

Влияние скармливания микроводорослей лактирующим коровам на качество молока и молочную продуктивность

In the conditions of a dairy commercial enterprise, a scientific and economic experiment was carried out on two groups of cows – analogues. The duration of the experiment was 104 days. In a scientific and economic experiment, we studied the effect of feeding a suspension of chlorella in the first phase of lactation in the diets of freshly calved lactating cows and cows 2–3 lactations per amount of milk fat and protein in milk. The analysis of average values according to the dynamics of changes in the content of milk fat was carried out. Data were obtained on the positive effect of chlorella suspension on the quality indicators of fat and protein in the milk of cows of the experimental group.

Role of dietary habits in menstrual disorders among adolescent girls in Navi Mumbai, Western Maharashtra

BACKGROUND: India is a developing country where malnutrition is the most common problems; we are dealing with emerging problems of consumption of convenience food and street food. These foods are easily available, awesome taste, have some packages and advertisements which attracts the new generations and skipping meals starts. Adolescent girls are getting the problems of overweight, underweight, thyroid disorders, anemia, and other hematological disorders. Ultimate aim of this research is to find out an association about between dietary habits and menstrual disorders in adolescent girls. METHODOLOGY: An observational study was carried out in adolescent girls of MGM School, Navi Mumbai, India, from October 2021 to December 2021, to find out the relation between dietary pattern verses menstrual disorders among adolescent girls. Numerical pain scale, modified women's health questionnaire, and daily diary were used to collect data from 100 adolescent girls. Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used to select adolescent girls. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 24.0 software. RESULTS: The average age of menarche was 12.9 ± 2.7 years. The study showed that girls experienced moderate menstrual pain (54%), severe menstrual pain (21%), and premenstrual symptoms in 36% of adolescence girls. More than 42% of participants were eating street food and many of the girls had habits of skipping the meals in the afternoon. It was found that there was a significant association between dietary habits and menstrual problems (P ≤ 0.0001). The correlation coefficient between dietary habits and menstrual disorders was identified as r = 0.7 with P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: The menstrual disorders were arising problems among girls of schools of Navi Mumbai. Daily intake of appropriate amount of protein, CHO, fat, vitamins, and minerals can help reduce menstrual problems facing by adolescent girls.

Consequences of Human Consumption of Refined Edible Oil, Which is Debatable and Bad for Health. Government Obligation to Offer Appropriate Education Services: Research Analysis

The most common cause of death worldwide is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), whose prevalence is sharply increasing, particularly in developing nations like India. Food-related elements, especially edible oils, are crucial in the development of CHD’s causes, management, and preventative strategies. Cooking oils are a vital component of Indian diets, yet there are many widely marketed edible oils that make a variety of health claims. Because Indian cooking methods are different from those used in the West, choosing the correct edible oil is crucial, especially in this setting. Numerous clinical trials and observational/ metabolic research conducted on numerous populations across the board show a consistent link between the type and amount of fat ingested and the risk of CHD. An important link in the causal chain linking diet to CVD is the impact of dietary fats on plasma lipids. Oil seeds are used to produce vegetable oils, which are then used in the food industry for a variety of uses. In India, a vast range of edible cooking oils are used, and they are a crucial component of Indian cuisine. To guarantee that edible oils are readily available, healthy, and of high quality, the FSSAI has established its standards in the FSSR. A pilot survey was previously carried out in 2019 to evaluate the caliber of edible oils in Delhi NCR. Consumer Voice (a Non-Profit Organization) and FSSAI jointly performed one survey. Four areas of the Delhi NCR-Faridabad, Gurgaon, Ghaziabad, and Noida-as well as eleven districts of Delhi, were used to collect samples of mustard oil, extra virgin olive oil, virgin coconut oil, and coconut oil. A total of 739 samples of these edible oils were evaluated for various chemical parameters, and both branded and unbranded types of oils failed to meet FSSR compliance standards. Therefore, it was decided to conduct a nationwide survey of edible oils in India in 2020 to evaluate their safety and quality. In addition to these poll results, people actively choose to use refined edible oil in their daily lives under unavoidable conditions. The general populace consumes refined edible oil, which makes them more susceptible to a variety of diseases. Refined edible oil might include erucic acid, be bad for your heart, increase your chance of lung cancer, make you drop sick, irritate your skin, damage it, make you break out externally, and make you allergic. This page primarily discusses the numerous illnesses and adverse effects of eating refined edible oils, as well as the safety indicators, FSSI norms, rules and regulations with necessary responsibilities, and other services that provide awareness of the negative consequences of using refined oils, etc. An overview of several methods for refining edible oils and their impact on the oil constituents follows a summary of the general makeup of certain regularly used vegetable oils in the first portion of this review. Finally, an effort is made to comprehend the naturally extracted oil gaps in the conventionally accepted procedures and potential study directions to fill up the stated gaps, as well as the significance of conventionally used or consumed edible oil not having any negative side effects on humans. This essay highlights the significance of natural oil.

Adaptação transcultural da versão brasileira do Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for use in the Brazilian context. Methods Independent translations into Portuguese of the original version and respective back-translations into English were performed. The steps were evaluated by an expert committee and the translated version was applied in a group of both genders, of different ages and education. Results After suggested modifications in the translation processes, the expert committee considered that the translated and adapted version presented conceptual and semantic equivalence. The translated version was applied to a sample of twenty people and only one question related to the amount of fat in the food required a new round to obtain understanding and clarity. Conclusion We present an adapted version of Perceived Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for the Brazilian context, which has adequate conceptual, cultural, and semantic equivalence, being objective and comparable to the original version. Future studies should confirm clarity, reliability, and validity.

Abdominal Hernia in a Common Mynah (Acridotheres tristis) Associated With Hepatic Lipidosis and Concurrent Respiratory Aspergillosis

Hepatic lipidosis and hernia are problems that can occur in pet birds due to different causes. Aspergillosis is also an important disease of pet birds. This article reports an interesting case which, to our knowledge, is the first one in Iran. A 7-year-old male common mynah was presented to the clinic of avian diseases at the University of Tehran, Tehran City, Iran, with a history of severe dyspnea, anorexia, feeding with a high-energy diet, and recently been in the northern parts of Iran. Unfortunately, the bird died. Necropsy was done to diagnose the cause of death. Tissue samples from abdominal viscera, lungs, and air sacs were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Bacterial cultures from the liver and bone marrow were performed on blood and MacConkey agars. In the external carcass examination, the abdominal swelling, hernia, and yellow discoloration under the skin were obvious. At necropsy, the liver was enlarged with yellowish discoloration. There was also a high amount of fat around the abdominal viscera. Microscopically, fatty change, hepatocellular necrosis, and hemorrhages were seen in the liver. There were also vegetative forms of Aspergillus on the lung’s parenchyma and air sacs. No bacterial growth was observed. Pet birds are usually restricted to a cage by minimal contact with other birds; thus, diseases related to management are common among these birds. So keeping in suitable conditions with an appropriate, balanced diet is important for their health.

Relationship between Waist Circumference, Waist-Height Ratio, Body Fat Percentage, Visceral Fat and Bone Mineral Density in Middle-Aged and Elderly Zhuang of China

Objective: To understand the correlation between different degrees of obesity and bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: 772 cases (300 men and 472 females) of Zhuang over 40 years old were randomly selected. The BMD and T score were calculated by measuring the right heel bone using a quantitative-ultrasound densitometer. Body composition index of body weight, waist circumference (WC), waist height ratio (WtHR), body fat percentage (BFP) and visceral fat (VF) were measured using a bioelectrical impedance method. Results: The BMI, WC, and WtHR of the male osteoporosis group were lower than those of the normal bone mass (NBM) group (P < 0.05). BMI, BFP, and WC in the female osteoporosis group were lower than those in the NBM group (P < 0.05); The BMI and WC in the osteoporosis group were lower than those of the NBM group (P < 0.05). After adjusting for factors such as age, weight, height, etc., the binary multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that BMI was a protective factor for bone mass loss in men and women (P < 0.01). While the level of visceral fat was a risk factor for reduced bone mass (P < 0.05). Conclusion: BMI is positively correlated with BMD in Zhuang. BFP has a greater correlation with female BMD, and a small reduction in BFP can result in a significant decrease in BMD. BMD of male was positively correlated with abdominal obesity indicators (WC, WtHR, VF). However, abdominal obesity has no obvious effect on the promotion of BMD in women, and increased WtHR can lead to a decrease in BMD. Zhuang can appropriately increase the amount of fat within the normal weight range. At the same time, reasonable exercise and balanced nutrition to avoid excessive obesity or low body weight can reduce the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporosis fractures.

Resource-saving technology of animal fats production: scientific and practical approaches and technological advantages

Specificity of technological cycle of processing of fat raw materials of animal origin lies in the fact that in the process it is possible to receive not only the main commodity product in the form of melted fat, but also secondary products of production, which include unique and valuable in their properties biologically active substances. The present work is devoted to the development of technology of complex processing of fat raw material, by the example of raw fat of ostrich, which allows to increase the fat yield and minimize production waste. The objects of research were: melted fat of ostrich and products of its processing (greaves and protein hydrolysate), obtained by melting in water (control) and catholite under given conditions and parameters. It is shown that fat melted in catholite is characterized by low values of acid, peroxide and anisidine numbers in comparison with the control. It is established that at processing of fat in catholyte its yield even at the temperature of 55°C was over 64.0%, and at heating up to 100°C - 86.6%. It is argued that realization of repeated melt-out, stipulated by technological solutions, reduces risks of formation of significant amount of fat and protein wastes. It is determined that at repeated consecutive melting of protein fraction with temperature increase up to 75°С and 100°С the percentage of fat yield increases by 11.6 and 19.5 %, respectively. The established dependencies formed the basis for the creation of a technological line for processing of fat raw materials. It is proved that the developed technology of ostrich fat extraction with replacement of aqueous phase by catholyte in the process of fat extraction provides obtaining of fat with a given melting point and qualitative characteristics and can be applied for processing of easily melting animal fats.

Influence of Inula helenium rhizomes and Matricaria chamomilla inflorescences on the biochemical and physiological parameters in male rats fed a high-fat diet.

Pharmacological correction of a high-fat diet is of great interest to prevent the development of obesity and hypertension. More and more research is being done on the preventive use of medicinal herbs for excess caloric intake. The aim of this study was to determine the general physiological effect of I. helenium rhizomes and M. chamomilla inflorescences used in the diet of male rats consuming excess amounts of fat and calories in the daily diet. In a 30-day experiment, we determined the effect of I. helenium rhizome and M. chamomilla on the physiological activity and metabolic processes of laboratory rats consuming a high-fat diet. The physical activity was evaluated according to the mass gain of animals and change in the relative mass of the internal organs, and also the functional conditions of the central nervous system. The influence on the metabolic processes was revealed by biochemical and clinical blood analyses. In a laboratory experiment on male rats, it was found that the addition of dry crushed rhizomes of Inula helenium L. and inflorescences of Matricaria chamomilla L. to the diet caused opposite changes in body weight. In the control group, the animals slightly increased their body weight (up to 111.5% of the initial weight by the end of the experiment); the rhizomes of I. helenium caused a decrease in body weight gain (up to 105.5% on the 30th day of the experiment compared to the initial weight); rats fed M. chamomilla inflorescences gained 123.2% of their initial body weight during the month of the experiment. The rhizomes of I. helenium caused an increase in the stomach relative mass. A decrease in the thymus relative weight was observed when animals were fed M. chamomilla inflorescences. The rhizomes of I. helenium stimulated an increase of blood protein concentration (mainly due to globulins), an increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity and cholesterol, and a decrease in the triglycerides concentration. M. chamomilla inflorescences reduced the blood urea concentration and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, causing strong changes in fat metabolism. Under the influence of the diet with the addition of M. chamomilla inflorescences, the atherogenic index increased in animals by 6.5 times relatively to the control group (due to a decrease in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increase in the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, an increase in the total cholesterol concentration). When M. chamomilla was added to the diet, the blood triglycerides concentration in animals decreased sharply and the concentration of leukocytes increased. The concentration of monocytes exceeded the limits of the physiological norm both in the control group and in the group of animals fed on M. chamomilla inflorescences. The results of the studies show the promise for further research of I. helenium rhizomes in the prevention of hypertension and also indicate strong risks when using M. chamomilla inflorescences for preventive purposes during high-fat and hypercaloric diet.

IMPACTS OF EXERCISE TRAINING ON THE VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE AMONG INDIVIDUALS WITH NORMAL BODY MASS INDEX: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

https://youtu.be/617rv0W_7Kc BACKGROUND The thin outside fat inside (TOFI) phenotype, an obesity expression, is recognized by a high amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) despite average anthropometric measurements such as normal body mass index (BMI). High VAT is a considerable risk of metabolic syndrome. As a beneficial intervention, exercise training can decrease body fat amount. This review aimed to investigate exercise efficiency on VAT in individuals with normal BMI. METHODS Electronic databases were used to detect studies related to exercise training intervention on VAT in normal BMI individuals from 1999 to 2022. Inclusion criteria included acute, four weeks or more; duration intervention of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT) or combination training (COM) with adults. Participants BMIs were approximately 26 kg/m2 or less in studies investigating VAT differences between sedentary and active individuals. Acceptable body assessment measurements in the studies used computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS The primary search resulted in 217 original studies and 11 were included. The most common intervention was AT, using treadmill running, and the most common mode of RT was weight machines. Frequency of training averaged 3 days per week of 30- to- 90 minute sessions. AT intensity was demonstrated with the percentage of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max), peak rate of oxygen consumption (VO2peak), heart rate reserve (HRR), or maximal heart rate (MHR) in the range of 55% to 120%. The most common range was 60–70% MHR. The intensity of RT was determined as one-repetition maximum (1-RM), ranging between 60–80% 1RM. One study used interval modality intervention. Seven studies show a significant decrease in VAT values. The most impactful training was AT with two studies using COM also reported benefits. The most common unit of measurement used for VAT was cm2. Other studies used varying units such as 1) kg, 2) cm3, 3) liter, and 4) percentage of total body fat. The range of significant change in VAT scores was −2.5 ± 7.2 cm2 to −19.3 ± 12.7 cm2. Additionally, one study reported significant differences in VAT observed between active and sedentary individuals and one study reported no demonstrated differences using RT. CONCLUSIONS The systematic review suggests exercise training could be a beneficial intervention for improved VAT changes. However, exercise modality should be taken into account alongside acute variables such as volume, intensity, duration, and frequency. Based on findings, AT is the most effective modality and RT as another exercise option needs more investigation.

SEVERE HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA IN CONGENITAL GENERALIZED LIPODYSTROPHY: A CASE REPORT

Lipodystrophic syndromes represent a heterogeneous group of very rare diseases inherited or acquired, characterized by altered body fat amount and/or repartition and metabolic alterations including marked insulin resistance and dyslipidemias. We report the case of severe hypertriglyceridemia at 96 g/L in 28-year-old Moroccan women admitted for decompensated diabetes mellitus and generalized lipodystrophy. This case illustrates the value of hypertriglyceridemia in the diagnosis and monitoring of lipodystrophic syndromes whose diagnosis is made by clinical assessment and laboratory findings.

Effect of feeding bioactive compounds identified from plant extracts (4-hexylresorcinol, 7-hydroxycoumarin, and gamma-octalactone) on the productivity and quality of broiler meat.

Secondary bioactive compounds of medicinal plants exert anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and metabolism-modulating effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding 4-hexylresorcinol, as well as its combinations with gamma-octalactone and 7-hydroxycoumarin, on the digestibility of dietary nutrients, weight gain, and quality characteristics of the meat and liver of Arbor Acres broiler chickens. The following feeding scheme was applied on the chickens: Control, basal diet (BD); I experimental, BD + 4-hexylresorcinol at 0.5 mg/kg of live weight per day; II experimental, BD + 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone at 0.4 mg/kg of live weight per day; III experimental, BD + 4-hexylresorcinol + 7-hydroxycoumarin at 0.1 and 0.15 mg/kg of live weight per day; and IV experimental, BD + 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone + 7-hydroxycoumarin at 0.05, 0.15, and 0.01 mg/kg of live weight per day. Chickens in I, II, and IV experimental groups at the age of 35 days showed superior live weight than chickens in the control group. Supplementation with all the tested additives, except the combination 4-hexylresorcinol + 7-hydroxycoumarin, significantly increased the digestibility coefficients of dietary nutrients. Supplementation with the combinations 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone and 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone + 7-hydroxycoumarin significantly increased the amount of fat in the pectoral muscles. However, the mass fraction of fat in the thigh muscles of broiler chickens decreased in II, III, and IV experimental groups. The pectoral muscles of broiler chickens in experimental Group IV contained small amounts of lysine, tyrosine, histidine, leucine-isoleucine, methionine, valine, proline, threonine, serine, alanine, and glycine. Supplementation with pure 4-hexylresorcinol significantly reduced the levels of lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, leucine-isoleucine, methionine, valine, proline, threonine, and alanine in the thigh muscles. However, supplementation with pure 4-hexylresorcinol significantly increased the concentrations of P, Fe, Se, Zn, and B and decreased the concentrations of I, Ni, V, Al, and Pb in the pectoral muscles. Supplementation with the combination 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone + 7-hydroxycoumarin resulted in the accumulation of Ca, Co, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, and Li and a decrease in the concentrations of K, Mg, and V. Supplementation with all the tested additives, except the combination 4-hexylresorcinol + 7-hydroxycoumarin, exerted a positive effect on the indicators of live weight gain and dietary nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Supplementation with the combinations 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone and 4-hexylresorcinol + gamma-octalactone + 7-hydroxycoumarin increased the amount of fat in the pectoral muscles but decreased it in the thigh muscles. Supplementation with all the tested additives decreased the concentrations of I in the pectoral muscles and Zn in the thigh muscles in all the experimental groups compared with those in the control group.

Determination of selected elements in two commercially available edible aquatic insects (Coleoptera) and their worldwide updated list.

Many nations and ethnic groups from underdeveloped and developed countries have used insects as human food since ancient times, a practice that has continued into modern times. In many traditionally entomophagous countries, insects are not a "famine food," and demand for edible insects is clearly a "food of choice" rather than a necessity. From a nutritional point of view, depending on the insect species, gender, insect's diet, and seasons, some species of edible insects have significant amounts of fat, protein, carbohydrates, and vitamins, as well as minerals required for human health, thus representing an alternative food source. In addition to their nutritious content, they may also accumulate pesticide residues, microplastics, and heavy metals from their ecosystems. Therefore, this study analyses some mineral (Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Co, Cr, As, and Pb) contents of two selected commercialized aquatic edible beetles, Dytiscus marginalis and Cybister tripunctatus (Dytiscidae), via inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and reviews the contemporary list of aquatic edible beetles of the world, summarizing the nutritional characteristics of water beetles with a synthesis of the risks and benefits of edible aquatic beetles in recent literature. The mineral composition of the aquatic beetles is briefly discussed. Antinutritional elements (Pb and As) were detected in aquatic insects, but their contents are below toxic levels for humans. A list of 92 edible aquatic beetle species from Dytiscidae, Gyrinidae, Elmidae, Histeridae, Hydrophilidae, Haliplidae, and Noteridae (Coleoptera) was compiled and updated.

CT FINDINGS OF THREE GIANT MEDIASTINAL TUMORS IN YOUNG AGE

Background : Mediastinal teratoma and other mediastinal tumors are very challenging to be distinguished from other mediastinal tumors. Mediastinal tumors can be optimally evaluated with computed tomography (CT). In this paper we present three young male patients with similar symptom of chronic chest pain and chronic cough. Materials and Methods: Conducting a literature review and medical records. Results : All patients in this case are young age male, below two decades. All chest CT shows giant mass, but they have different enhancing pattern, different amount of solid, cystic, calcification component. To make correct diagnosis of the mediastinal mass is important because of treatment planning difference, surgery or chemoteraphy. The first case shows benign teratoma with characteristic of heterogenous mass with large amount of fat, with presence of solid and calcification component. The second case shows malignant germ cell tumor with feature of heterogenous mass with predominantly solid component and small amount of fat. It also shows metastatic process in lung and bone. The third case shows Hodgkin lymphoma with slight enhanced mass that narrowed pulmonary artery and caused pericardial effusion. Conclusion: Various features of mediatinal tumors can be distinguished with CT modality.

МОЛОЧНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ КОРОВ ДОЧЕРЕЙ БЫКОВ-ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЕЙ РАЗНЫХ ЛИНИЙ И ГЕНОТИПА КАППА-КАЗЕИНА

The aim of the study was to study the milk productivity of cows of daughters of sires with different linear affiliation and kappa-casein genotype. An analysis was made of the productivity of Black-and-White cows, originating from 60 sires of different lines, as well as those evaluated by the kappa-casein gene, which were used in Krasny Vostok Agro JSC. It has been established that cows of the R. Sovering line are characterized by the highest rates of economically useful traits, with an advantage in milk yield by 65-281 kg, in live weight by 6-24 kg, in terms of milk production index by 1-8 kg, in terms of milk yield by 0.01-0.12 kg/min. The worst indicators of productivity were found in animals of the Governer line. In general, interstrain differences are not high and productive indicators are within the normal range. When analyzing the milk productivity of the daughters of sires, carriers of various kappa-casein genotypes, it was revealed that cows of fathers with the AA genotype for kappa-casein have higher quantitative indicators of milk productivity and significantly (P&lt;0.05-0.001) exceed the CSN3 AB and CSN3 EE by milk yield per 254-715 kg, by the amount of milk fat by 8.5-23.9 kg, by the amount of milk protein by 9.2-27.2 kg. At the same time, daughters of bulls with the CSN3 AA genotype are characterized by the maximum proportion of milk protein in milk, with an advantage over other groups by 0.03-0.12% (P&lt;0.05-0.001). The CSN3 EE group is characterized by a high fat content in milk (4.11%) and exceeds other groups by 0.07-0.10% (P&lt;0.01-0.001). Thus, the daughters of bulls with the AA CSN3 genotype had a higher milk production.

Significance of breeding value indicators for prediction of milk yield

A comparative assessment of the significance of various indicators of the breeding value of breeding bulls for predicting milk yield in the highly productive herd of the farm economy "Alfa" was carried out. The milk yield of cows, whose bulls-fathers were evaluated in Ukraine and abroad, was studied. It was established that in the period from 2009 to 2014, the milk yield of first-calf heifers increased by 23.9 % and reached 5894.3 kg. Accordingly, during the specified period, most of the quantitative indicators of the breeding value and milk productivity of the bulls' daughters also increased: the breeding value of the parent bulls in terms of milk yield increased from +245.3 kg in 2009 to +540.4 kg in 2014; the breeding value of parent bulls in terms of the total amount of milk fat per lactation increased from +10.2 kg to +29.7 kg. A correlation analysis of the relationships between various indicators of breeding value of parent bulls and the milk yield of their daughters was carried out. It was established that the actual milk yield of first-calf heifers in FE "Alfa" most (correlation coefficients r higher than 0.8) and most significantly (p&lt;0.001) depended on the average milk yield and amount of milk fat yield of bull's daughters in the herds where the breeding value of these bulls was evaluated. The breeding value of the sire bulls by the amount of milk fat yield was also characterized by high (r=0.675) and significant (p&lt;0.01) relationship with the actual milk yield of the first-calf heifers (daughters of these sires). The variance analysis of the influence of the breeding value estimation method of breeder bulls (BV, ETA, ZW, DRV, RPC) on the actual milk yield of their daughters during the first lactation established that this influence was significant (p=0.001), and the power of influence was η2=0,59. Significant differences were mostly observed between milk yields of first-calf heifers whose parent bulls were evaluated abroad and in Ukraine. The biggest difference in terms of actual milk yield was revealed between the daughters of bulls evaluated by the ETA method (Canada) and by the "daughter-of-the-same-age (DRV)" method (Ukraine). This difference was 2640 kg of milk (p&lt;0.01) in favor of firstcalf heifers from Canadian bulls. Key words: breeding bulls, breeding value, milk productivity, daughters of bulls, milk yield, selection index, evaluation method.