Amount Of Farmers Research Articles

Analysis of willingness to pay of farmers on irrigation networks maintenance fees in the Gonggang reservoir, Magetan

Irrigation network maintenance is very important to ensure the function of irrigation run well. Therefore, maintenance fee is necessary to maintain the irrigation network. The problem is the maintenance cost of irrigation network is expensive, the second highest cost after rehabilitation costs. Thus, participation of farmers in irrigation network maintenance is essential. One of participation by farmers is in the form of regular fees. This study aims to determine the number of fees farmers are willing to pay to maintain irrigation networks through the willingness-to-pay approach. This study was conducted in the irrigation area of the Gonggang reservoir in Magetan District. The subject is farmers who use irrigation – the data collection technique used by observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is the contingent valuation method with steps (1) determining the hypothetical market, (2) obtaining bids, (3) estimating average willingness to pay, (4) estimating bid curves, and (5) aggregating data. The result shows that the amount of farmers’ willingness to pay the maintenance fees for irrigation networks at Gonggang reservoir irrigation area in Magetan District by using the contingent valuation method is IDR 90,621 (USD 5.45) for each hectare for each planting period with total willingness to pay in the population of IDR 116,188,708 (USD 7,951.59) for each planting period.

ANALISA PRODUKSI DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI GALUR/VARIETAS PADI DI LAHAN KERING DATARAN RENDAH DI KABUPATEN MERAUKE

Income has a close relationship with the level of production achieved, if production increases, income also tends to increase. In addition, the amount of farmers' income depends on the prevailing price level. High or low income is influenced by production and price levels. The aim is to analyze the production and income of rice farming lines/varieties in lowland land agroecosystems. The activity was carried out on the dry land of the IP2TP experimental garden in Merauke Regency. The demonstration plot starts from January to April 2020. The design of the activities used is farming analysis on the four (4) lines and three (3) rice varieties, namely the four new high-yielding lines (1) BP15886M-12D-SKI-5-2_1. (2) BP5478-1F-KN-19-1-2-KLT-2*-SKL-1*8. (3) CRS1291. (4) CRS850, the comparators were Inpago 11, Inpago 12 and Inpara 8. The R/C value for each treatment of the BP15886M-12D-SKI-5-2_1 line had an R/C value of 1.47 TIH 3.58. Line BP5478-1F-KN-19-1-2-KLT-2*-SKL-1*8 R/C value 1.40 TIH 3.75. CRS1291 line R/C value 1.37 TIH 3.84. CRS850 line R/C 1.43 TIH 3.67, Inpago 11 variety R/C 1.83 TIH 2.87, Inpago 12 variety R/C 2.07 TIH 2.54 and Inpara 8 variety R/C 1.70 TIH 3.09.

Economic valuation of rice agricultural land in Bogor regency

This study aims to calculate the total economic value of lowland rice farming in Bogor Regency, and identify the factors that influence land conversion from agricultural to non-agricultural uses. By using the productivity method approach, CVM and benefit transfer, it can be seen that the total economic value of lowland rice farming in Bogor Regency, West Java is Rp. 119,480,139 / hectare / year. The new economic value is calculated based on functions as a food producer, as a function of absorbing labor, as a function of food security stability, and as a function of flood mitigation, not yet included as a function of erosion and sedimentation mitigation, as a function of air conditioning and freshener, as a function of carbon retarding, as a function of recycling organic waste, as well as a function of social culture and rural appeal. Then by using descriptive statistical analysis and simple regression, it is known that the conversion of paddy farming land in Bogor Regency, is influenced by internal factors, external factors, and government policies. Internal factors include: the geographical location of agricultural land, the area of agricultural land owned by farmers, the amount of farmers’ income, transformation of farmers’ economic structure, and farmers’ understanding of multifunctional agriculture. External factors include: population growth, urbanization, the macroeconomic situation, the ability of agricultural land, the value of land (land prices), the opportunity to buy land elsewhere which is cheaper, and the influence of the private sector. Government policy is the factor that is considered to have the greatest influence on the occurrence of agricultural land conversion in Bogor Regency, especially the problem of the implementation of government policies relating to rules regarding conversion of agricultural land that have not been implemented optimally.

FARM HOUSEHOLDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY SECTOR

FARM HOUSEHOLDS AND THEIR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY SECTOR

DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF CREDIT COMMITMENTS OF AGRICULTURAL FARMS IN POLAND

The analysis of the dynamics and structure of farmers' bank loans was made. The credit debt of farms in Poland was presented against the background of selected countries of the EU and USA. It was shown that the amount of farmers' credit commitments in Poland in 2002-2017 had a lasting upward trend. However, the debt-to-asset ratio of agricultural farms since 2008 has been gradually reduced. The level of farmers' credit indebtedness and the quality of their loan portfolio, in terms of the sector, do not indicate high financial risk for farmers and credit risk for banks. In the case of some indebted farms (about 1.5 thousand), however, there are serious risks related to loans taken and their repayment.

Modification Finance of Salam and the Implications for Salam Accounting Treatment in Indonesia

Bank Indonesia has set standardization of Salam and PSAK No. 103. The theoretical study results showed that the non-application of Salam contract in the Islamic Banking includes: fear of the banks on dishonesty or farmers’ harvest failure, the risks that brought by Salam contract and the lack of socialization of Salam contract to the farmers. The modified solutions made to eliminate the problem at Salam contract is to establish agricultural banks, providing socialization and education to farmers, giving option to the payment system of Salam and the amount of farmers’ credit are not the basic price of farmers’ harvest.

How growth of a local organic box scheme influenced supplying farmers

Local food systems typically only involve a small amount of farmers and consumers. To analyse attempts to scale up local organic food systems, we explored a box scheme in Austria that had grown significantly, and interviewed 19 supplying farmers. Interviewees valued the way the products were marketed directly to consumers and the fair prices. The box scheme has managed growth by strengthening cooperation with larger vegetable farms and importers. Nevertheless, for the identity of the box scheme, small local producers were central. Keywords: local food system, scaling-up, box scheme, organic agriculture, Austria

Biologinei įvairovei palankių ūkininkų dalyvavimo Lietuvos saugomų teritorijų valdyme vertinimas

The aim of this article is to overview the motivation for biodiversity of friendly farming and to investigate willingness and possibilities of Lithuanian farmers to participate in the management of protected areas. Lithuanian farmers are participating in different agri-environmental schemes, but participation is not widely used in practice. Agri-environmental schemes are oriented to involve more landowners and reach quantity results focusing of farmers’ participation, but not seeking for the biodiversity of oriented quality results and outputs. Friendly farming programmes are not state funded, but they usually get their funds from international conservation projects. Lithuanian landowners are not expressing a high degree of willingness to participate in addition in biodiversity conservation programmes, but a certain amount of farmers are already involved in them and there are quite widely spread potential participators. The results of the investigation showed that farmers who have higher understanding of biodiversity would be willing to participate in additional programmes. Biodiversity of friendly farmers could be the potential stakeholders in the management of protected areas. The results of the interview with 80 Lithuanian farmers participating in agro-environmental measures showed that they would be willing to participate in the protected areas management in different ways. One part of them would like to participate in consultation dialogues, others in decision making process or participating in joint protected areas’ administrations councils, but some of them stated that they would not be able to participate. The farmers expressed opinions that participation in any form would allow to avoid conflicts between landowners and protected area’s administration staff.

De los límites a la frontera: o los malentendidos de la geopolítica amazónica

Amazonia depression occupied a central position in the dispute between Spain and Portugal from the bigginig of its discovery. In the XVIIIth Century only a theoretical border line was stablished because of the lack of economic value of the region. But with the rubber apogee several limited conflicts clashed due to the exploit of this economic resource. Brazil controled this economy because controled the navigable rivers and had a big amount of farmers and an active diplomacy. After having fallen again into oblivion, from 1970 Amazonia has experienced a new economic development pushed from Brazil which is blured with economic globalization.