Amount Of Electricity Production Research Articles

A Study on the Impact of Various Meteorological Data on the Design Performance of Rooftop Solar Power Projects in Vietnam: A Case Study of Electric Power University

People are increasingly using clean energy sources, contributing to environmental protection according to the general trend of the world. In the form of renewable energy, solar energy has contributed to solving current pressing problems, such as environmental pollution and air pollution, improving people’s quality of life. The design of solar power projects in Vietnam is mainly based on meteorological data sources from Meteonorm and NASA. However, the accuracy assessment of two data sources compared to the actual solar power data in Vietnam is not available, so there is no basis to determine better meteorological data source quality to serve the design of rooftop solar power projects. The content of this paper analyzes the simulation results of a typical rooftop solar power station at the Electric Power University, Hanoi city based on meteorological data sources from Meteonorm and NASA. After that, the simulation results will be compared with the actual operating data of a rooftop solar power station near the Electric Power University and other real PV systems in the world. The study results showed that the amount of electricity production using the Meteonorm meteorological data was closer to the actual data than the NASA data source. Therefore, solar power projects in Vietnam should use Meteonorm data source for the design process to determine the best economic and technical efficiency for investors.

World Energy Development Trends in the 21st Century

The annual worldwide electricity production for the period from 2010 to 2020 – in total and in the first 22 countries ranked by the annual production in 2020 exceeding 200 billion kWh (TWh) – is analyzed. The share of the leading in the annual worldwide electricity production amounted to 82.3%; therefore, the processes occurring in the energy sector of these countries adequately reflect the processes in the world energy as a whole. The influence of the crisis phenomena in the economies of the countries, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic, on the production of electricity in general and by the types of fuel and energy is revealed. The fact of the largest total capacity commissioned per annum and the amount of electricity production at photovoltaic (PVPP) and wind (WPP) power plants for the entire renewable energy development period is pointed out. At the same time, it is noted that the amount of electricity produced in 2020 worldwide and in the majority of countries was somewhat smaller in comparison with that in 2019. The data on the capacity and production of electricity at photovoltaic and wind power plants in the UES of Russia are given. The amount of RES capacities to be commissioned for the share of renewable energy sources in the total electricity production in Russia to reach 4.5% is estimated.

The Role of BECCS in Achieving Climate Neutrality in the European Union

The achievement of climate neutrality in the European Union by 2050 will not be possible solely through a reduction in fossil fuels and the development of energy generation from renewable sources. Large-scale implementation of various technologies is necessary, including bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), carbon capture and storage (CCS), and carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), as well as industrial electrification, the use of hydrogen, the expansion of electromobility, low-emission agricultural practices, and afforestation. This research is devoted to an analysis of BECCS as a negative emissions technology (NET) and the assessment of its implementation impact upon the possibility of achieving climate neutrality in the EU. The modelling approach utilises tools developed within the LIFE Climate CAKE PL project and includes the MEESA energy model and the d-PLACE CGE economic model. This article identifies the scope of the required investment in generation capacity and the amount of electricity production from BECCS necessary to meet the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets in the EU, examining the technology’s impact on the overall system costs and marginal abatement costs (MACs). The modelling results confirm the key role of BECCS technology in achieving EU climate goals by 2050.

Optimization and performance evaluation of microbial fuel cell by varying agar concentration using different salts in salt bridge medium

Purpose: Comparative study of various agar-agar (C14H24O9) percentage and different salts concentration in the salt bridge is carried out to check the efficiency of microbial fuel cell. Design/methodology/approach: Dual chambered microbial fuel cell was used for the overall experiments. Anode and cathode chambers were made of 500 ml plastic jar. Salt bridge was fabricated with agar-agar technical and 3 M NaCl in a PVC pipe of 2 cm long. Chemical Oxygen Demand, pH and electrical conductivity of wastewater were examined. Oxygen was supplied in the cathode chamber using the aquarium pump. Voltage (open circuit voltage) was observed using digital multimeter. Graphite rods were used as anode and cathode electrodes. Findings: Salt bridge was constructed of 3 M NaCl with 5, 7.5, 10 and 12 percent variation of agar amounts in MFC. The maximum outputs were observed 301, 306, 325 and 337.25 mV with the variation of agar 5, 7.5, 10 and 12 percentages respectively as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was observed 47.92, 56.25, 52.08 and 64.58 percentages respectively. The optimum agar concentration was found to be 12 percent and a maximum voltage of 337.25 mV and COD removal of 64.58 percent was achieved. After the optimization of agar percentage two salts i.e., Sodium chloride and potassium chloride were analysed. This study also reveals that the NaCl salt bridge is more efficient than KCl salt bridge for the same agar concentration. The maximum voltage for NaCl and KCl were 319 and 312 mV respectively. Research limitations/implications: The amount of electricity production is low and field scale implementation is difficult using microbial fuel cell. The research is still on progress in this field. Originality/value: here is very little research with salt bridge and MFC. Comparative study of different mole of salt is available but agar variation is not yet studied.

CONCEPT OF THE AUTONOMOUS HYDROGEN FUELLING STATION BASED ON PHOTOVOLTAIC AND METAL-HYDRIDE TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL CELL ELECRIC VEHICLE. THE MAIN PRINCIPAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

At present time internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most spread as main and auxiliary ICE for vehicles, vessels, power generation, etc. Their application is associated with low energy efficiency, negative impact on the environment due to high emissions of harmful substances and the use of oil fuels. The vehicles with electric motors are alternative upon to existing ones. There are two modern concepts of the electric vehicles: battery electric vehicles and electric vehicles with fuel cells. The main advantage of the battery electric vehicles is the developed infrastructure of power grids and charging stations, but the charging time is too prolonged (from 20 minutes in the fast charging mode and up to 8…10 hours. Unfortunately the fast mode significantly reduces life cycle of the electric batteries. One of the advanced alternatives is concept of the fuel cell and hydrogen powered vehicles. It exist some problems which limit its wide implementation. There are the following: high cost of hydrogen production, insufficient amount of electricity production and transmission capacity of electric networks for mass charging of electric vehicles. These problems can be solved by creation of the complexes for local hydrogen production by water electrolysis on the base of photovoltaic panels, hydrogen purification and compression on the base of metal-hydride technologies and hydrogen storage in ultra-light-weight high pressure thanks on the base of reinforced with carbon nanotubes or composite materials. Implementation of this concept will allow to get rid of disadvantages which are inherent in vehicles with electrical batteries. The most of these are the following: high mass and cost, limited run distance and long charging time, short life cycle and recycling batteries pollution. The charging duration of hydrogen high pressure tanks is 5...15 min and is comparable with the ICE diesel/gasoline fueling terms and conditions. One of the main obstacles to expanding vehicles on fuel cells is the deficit of hydrogen and its filling stations. At present it is known a number of solutions for the creation of hydrogen fueling. However, today there is no single standard solution for hydrogen charging. Until today, vehicles running on hydrogen (both fuel cells and equipped with ICE that consume hydrogen), several options for its storage are used. There are high pressure tanks with hydrogen gas compressed at 35…70 MPa. Judging by the vehicles technologies and concepts the combination of fuel cells with tanks at 70 MPa will be the most common variant of hydrogen technology promotion in the coming years. In connection with the variety of hydrogen storage options on board vehicles, it is actual to develop autonomous fueling stations with photovoltaic panels for electricity production with following hydrogen production by electrolysis, hydrogen purification and compression by metal-hydride technology and hydrogen storage in super high pressure tanks or metalhydride tanks with the possibility of hydrogen charging at different pressures from 35 MPa up to 150 MPa.

CONCEPT OF THE AUTONOMOUS HYDROGEN FUELLING STATION BASED ON PHOTOVOLTAIC AND METAL-HYDRIDE TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUEL CELL ELECRIC VEHICLE. DEVELOPMENT OF A GENERAL CONCEPT FOR AN AUTONOMOUS HYDROGEN FUELLING STATION WITH METAL HYDRIDE COMPRESSORS FOR VEHICLES ON FUEL CELLS

At present time internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most spread as main and auxiliary ICE for vehicles, vessels, power generation, etc. Their application is associated with low energy efficiency, negative impact on the environment due to high emissions of harmful substances and the use of oil fuels. The vehicles with electric motors are alternative upon to existing ones. There are two modern concepts of the electric vehicles: battery electric vehicles and electric vehicles with fuel cells. The main advantage of the battery electric vehicles is the developed infrastructure of power grids and charging stations, but the charging time is too prolonged (from 20 minutes in the fast charging mode and up to 8…10 hours. Unfortunately the fast mode significantly reduces life cycle of the electric batteries. One of the advanced alternatives is concept of the fuel cell and hydrogen powered vehicles. It exist some problems which limit its wide implementation. There are the following: high cost of hydrogen production, insufficient amount of electricity production and transmission capacity of electric networks for mass charging of electric vehicles. These problems can be solved by creation of the complexes for local hydrogen production by water electrolysis on the base of photovoltaic panels, hydrogen purification and compression on the base of metal-hydride technologies and hydrogen storage in ultra-light-weight high pressure thanks on the base of reinforced with carbon nanotubes or composite materials. Implementation of this concept will allow to get rid of disadvantages which are inherent in vehicles with electrical batteries. The most of these are the following: high mass and cost, limited run distance and long charging time, short life cycle and recycling batteries pollution. The charging duration of hydrogen high pressure tanks is 5...15 min and is comparable with the ICE diesel/gasoline fueling terms and conditions. One of the main obstacles to expanding vehicles on fuel cells is the deficit of hydrogen and its filling stations. At present it is known a number of solutions for the creation of hydrogen fueling. However, today there is no single standard solution for hydrogen charging. Until today, vehicles running on hydrogen (both fuel cells and equipped with ICE that consume hydrogen), several options for its storage are used. There are high pressure tanks with hydrogen gas compressed at 35…70 MPa. Judging by the vehicles technologies and concepts the combination of fuel cells with tanks at 70 MPa will be the most common variant of hydrogen technology promotion in the coming years. In connection with the variety of hydrogen storage options on board vehicles, it is actual to develop autonomous fueling stations with photovoltaic panels for electricity production with following hydrogen production by electrolysis, hydrogen purification and compression by metal-hydride technology and hydrogen storage in super high pressure tanks or metalhydride tanks with the possibility of hydrogen charging at different pressures from 35 MPa up to 150 MPa.

Concept of the autonomous hydrogen fuelling station based on photovoltaic and metal-hydride technologies for fuel cell elecric vehicle. Analysis of existing fuelling stations types and vehicles using hydrogen, hydrogen production and storing methods

At present time internal combustion engines (ICE) are the most spread as main and auxiliary ICE for vehicles, vessels, power generation, etc. Their application is associated with low energy efficiency, negative impact on the environment due to high emissions of harmful substances and the use of oil fuels. The vehicles with electric motors are alternative upon to existing ones. There are two modern concepts of the electric vehicles: battery electric vehicles and electric vehicles with fuel cells. The main advantage of the battery electric vehicles is the developed infrastructure of power grids and charging stations, but the charging time is too prolonged (from 20 minutes in the fast charging mode and up to 8…10 hours. Unfortunately the fast mode significantly reduces life cycle of the electric batteries. One of the advanced alternatives is concept of the fuel cell and hydrogen powered vehicles. It exist some problems which limit its wide implementation. There are the following: high cost of hydrogen production, insufficient amount of electricity production and transmission capacity of electric networks for mass charging of electric vehicles. These problems can be solved by creation of the complexes for local hydrogen production by water electrolysis on the base of photovoltaic panels, hydrogen purification and compression on the base of metal-hydride technologies and hydrogen storage in ultra-light-weight high pressure thanks on the base of reinforced with carbon nanotubes or composite materials. Implementation of this concept will allow to get rid of disadvantages which are inherent in vehicles with electrical batteries. The most of these are the following: high mass and cost, limited run distance and long charging time, short life cycle and recycling batteries pollution. The charging duration of hydrogen high pressure tanks is 5...15 min and is comparable with the ICE diesel/gasoline fueling terms and conditions. One of the main obstacles to expanding vehicles on fuel cells is the deficit of hydrogen and its filling stations. At present it is known a number of solutions for the creation of hydrogen fueling. However, today there is no single standard solution for hydrogen charging. Until today, vehicles running on hydrogen (both fuel cells and equipped with ICE that consume hydrogen), several options for its storage are used. There are high pressure tanks with hydrogen gas compressed at 35…70 MPa. Judging by the vehicles technologies and concepts the combination of fuel cells with tanks at 70 MPa will be the most common variant of hydrogen technology promotion in the coming years. In connection with the variety of hydrogen storage options on board vehicles, it is actual to develop autonomous fueling stations with photovoltaic panels for electricity production with following hydrogen production by electrolysis, hydrogen purification and compression by metal-hydride technology and hydrogen storage in super high pressure tanks or metalhydride tanks with the possibility of hydrogen charging at different pressures from 35 MPa up to 150 MPa.

Stand-alone hybrid energy systems for remote area power generation

Energy accessibility especially electrical energy is considered as one of the most appealing factors to achieve energy sustainability. The purpose of this study is to investigate energy sustainability using renewable energies for two high potential cities in the south-east of Iran until the year 2030. In this regard, Homer software is used to evaluate economic and technical analyses of PV-wind-diesel hybrid system for the two cities by the data gathering which was collected from Iran’s meteorological organization. Therefore, the average of solar radiation per month for Zabol and Zahak were about 9 and 9.1 (h/d). Also, mean wind speeds are calculated 5.35 m/s and 4.7 m/s for Zabol and Zahak respectively which proposed that these cities have high potential in order to electrical production by a hybrid system. Furthermore, the amount of electricity production by PV array for Zabol and Zahak were 1700 (kWh/yr) and 1669 (kWh/yr) respectively, and the amount of electricity production by wind turbine were 9036 (kWh/yr) and 7263(kWh/yr) for Zabol and Zahak respectively. Consequently, it is of elaborated that the investments on solar and wind energy sectors for both cities would be economically justified.

Techno-economic and sensitivity analysis for grid-connected renewable energy electric boat charging station in Terengganu

In order to encourage the eco-friendly technologies in transportation sector, the reliance on fuel need to be reduced and the use of renewable energy (RE) technology as energy source are widely explored by researchers. Thus, this study focus on the feasibility of developing grid-connected renewable energy electric boat charging station for the fishermen in Terengganu using simulation-based method by HOMER software. Five year solar radiation and wind speed data were collected at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UNISZA) weather station. For load profile, the information about fishing activities and the amount of subsidy spent by the government were obtained from the interview session with the fishermen and validated with Lembaga Kemajuan Ikan Malaysia (LKIM). The results acquired are compared between grid-only and grid-connected RE systems in term of net present cost (NPC), operational cost and payback period. A sensitivity analysis is done to find the minimal Feed-in Tariff (FiT) rate that can be implemented in order to encourage the use of RE system in this sector. Then, the relationship between FiT and NPC, payback period and emission of pollutants are analyzed. At current FiT rates RM 0.813/kWh, hybrid grid-PV system manages to achieve its optimal in generating high income from selling the power to the grid with convincing amount of electricity production and short payback period. It is concluded at minimum RM 0.56/kWh of FiT, the grid-connected RE system is possible to be developed because its performance shows better outcome compared to the grid-only system.

Experimental investigation of solar tower with chimney effect installed in CRTEn, Tunisia

This paper studies the performance of a solar tower power plant (STPP) with chimney effect based on renewable energy proposed for electricity production. That's way, a solar tower prototype was constructed and tested in the Research and Technology Centre of Energy (CRTEn), Borj Cédria, northern Tunisia.The design involves heating air using solar energy and the chimney effect to raise the hot air up the chimney stack. The hot air velocity increases by the use of a convergent nozzle to reach a suitable velocity which can run the wind turbine. The kinetic energy of the hot air is then converted to electricity by the wind turbine.During this study, the influence of the climatic conditions of Borj Cédria site (insulation, ambient temperature) as well as the chimney height and the collector diameter on the amount of electricity production were investigated.The distribution and the evolution of the temperature at different positions of the prototype as well as the electrical energy produced were determined.The results reveal that when the temperatures reach 45 °C, the electric power reaches an average value of about 0.3 W/m2 for a solar tower prototype with 8 m of diameter and 2 m of height chimney.

A Study of Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Power Generation in the Province of Adana in Turkey

In this study, the examination of techno-economic feasibility analysis of a solar photovoltaic (PV) power generation were carried out by taken into account a PV power plant that has the capacity of 100 kWe as an example, in the province of Adana, Turkey. For this purpose, the technical characteristics of the PV array, the amount of electricity production, the cost of electricity production, investment and operating costs, payback periods and the amount of CO2 emissions reduction were determined for the solar PV plant. By using the total area of 653.4 m2 PV cell, total 135,403 MWh of electricity was produced in the power plant. To this end, total 5 units of PV arrays were required with the surface area of 130.7 m2 each. In this case, the system efficiency was determined as 12.2%, the annual specific efficiency of the system was 1,352 kWh/kW and the amount of CO2 emissions reduction was obtained as 119,830 Mg/year. The payback period of the system was 7.8 years and the electricity production cost was 0.1400 TL (Turkish Liras)/kWh, respectively.

The Iranian Electric Power Industry after the Islamic Revolution: Nuclear Developments and Current Conditions

Iran’s nuclear activities are prominent in today’s media reports. But few reports focus on the relationship between nuclear power and Iran’s energy needs. The Iranian government claims that nuclear technologies are vital for the national electric power industry and therefore for the country’s economy as a whole. It is common knowledge that the electric power industry is one of the main pillars of every country’s economy, directly influencing both state viability and national security. A state’s ability to provide and maintain the necessary amount of electricity production is vitally important. So, does Iran really, to such an extent, need nuclear power? My research shows that at the moment, and in the next ten years at least, the production of electricity using nuclear energy will secure an insignificant place in the energy basket of Iran.

A New Method to Determine the Ratio of Electricity Production from Fossil and Biogenic Sources in Waste-to-Energy Plants

New directives of the European Union require operators of waste-to-energy (WTE) plants to report the amount of electricity that is produced from renewable sources in the waste feed. Until now, the standard method to determine the portion of renewable electricity is sorting the wastes into defined fractions of fossil organic and biogenic waste components and determining the lower heating value of these fractions. Out of it the amount of electricity production from renewables is calculated. This practice is labor and cost intensive. Therefore, it is usually carried out once a year which provides only a snapshot analysis of limited significance. This paper proposes a method to calculate the portion of electricity produced from renewable materials in waste continuously by solving a set of equations. All data required are either available from literature or from operating data routinely measured in WTE plants. The advantages are statistically derived uncertainty of the result, temporal resolution of the result down to daily mean values, low implementation efforts, and virtually no operational costs. An example of the implementation of the method to a 60 000 tons per year WTE plant is given.