Abstract
The achievement of climate neutrality in the European Union by 2050 will not be possible solely through a reduction in fossil fuels and the development of energy generation from renewable sources. Large-scale implementation of various technologies is necessary, including bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), carbon capture and storage (CCS), and carbon capture and utilisation (CCU), as well as industrial electrification, the use of hydrogen, the expansion of electromobility, low-emission agricultural practices, and afforestation. This research is devoted to an analysis of BECCS as a negative emissions technology (NET) and the assessment of its implementation impact upon the possibility of achieving climate neutrality in the EU. The modelling approach utilises tools developed within the LIFE Climate CAKE PL project and includes the MEESA energy model and the d-PLACE CGE economic model. This article identifies the scope of the required investment in generation capacity and the amount of electricity production from BECCS necessary to meet the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets in the EU, examining the technology’s impact on the overall system costs and marginal abatement costs (MACs). The modelling results confirm the key role of BECCS technology in achieving EU climate goals by 2050.
Highlights
The new 55% net greenhouse gas emission reduction target [1] and the Fit for 55 package [2] are key elements of the European Green Deal strategy [3]
A further tightening of reduction targets in all sectors of the economy makes it necessary to look for negative emissions that can in some way offset emissions from sectors where reduction is difficult or sometimes even impossible for technical reasons
bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) technologies, along with gas and nuclear, are becoming a major source of stable and predictable electricity generation, while at the same time providing the possibility of accounting for negative emissions that have been captured and stored in geological formations
Summary
The new 55% net greenhouse gas emission reduction target [1] and the Fit for 55 package [2] are key elements of the European Green Deal strategy [3]. 2 ◦ C and preferably keep it at 1.5 ◦ C), while at the same time increasing the competitiveness of European industry and aiming to ensure a just transition [4] for the affected regions Achieving this goal will require substantial efforts [5,6,7,8], including the application of new reduction technologies [9,10,11] that are currently in the early stages of technological development [12,13]. One of the main advantages of BECCS is the ability to generate negative greenhouse gas emissions [20,21] due to CO2 removal and injection into geological formations or utilisation in industrial processes. The fuel in this process is the biomass, which absorbs
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