Amount Of Correction Research Articles

Safety and efficacy of growth-friendly instrumentation for early-onset scoliosis in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 in the disease-modifying treatment era.

To evaluate the safety of growth-friendly instrumentation for early-onset scoliosis (EOS) in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 who received disease-modifying treatment (DMT) and analyze short-term efficacy. Retrospective search was conducted between 2017 and 2023. Patients with genetically confirmed SMA type 1 who were surgically treated for spinal deformity and receiving DMTs (nusinersen, risdiplam, or onasemnogene abeparvovec) were included. SMA types 2 and 3 and patients who do not receive DMTs were excluded. Clinical and radiographic data were collected at preoperative, postoperative, and latest follow-up visits. Twenty-eight patients (mean follow-up: 16 months (range 2-41)) were included. The mean age at surgery was 60 months (range 29-96). Fifteen were treated with dual magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR), four with unilateral MCGR and a contralateral guided growth system, three with Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR®) implants, five with self-distracting systems, and one with traditional dual growing rods. The mean amount of correction was 57% (44°± 17) for scoliosis and 83% (13°± 11) for pelvic obliquity. The mean T1-12 height gain during surgery was 31 mm (±16 mm), while the mean T1 S1 height gain was 51 mm (±24 mm), and instrumented growth was observed during follow-up. Five patients (18%) developed six serious adverse events: three surgical site infections, two anchor failures, and one rod fracture, and all required unplanned reoperations. No neurologic complication, difficulty during nusinersen injections, or respiratory decline was recorded. We report that spinal deformity in this population can be safely treated with growth-friendly instrumentation, with similar complication rates when compared with SMA type 2.

The Analysis of Accuracy in Translating Abstract Journal by The Students of English Education Universitas Negeri Makassar

The goal of the study was to identify the best strategy to utilize and how effectively students could translate abstract journals. Students from Universitas Negeri Makassar studying English education participated in this descriptive quantitative study. There were 10 students in total that made up the study's subject. the information gathered by text analysis. The findings indicated that students' translations of abstract Journal were "Excellent" in accuracy, with a degree of mastery between 80 to 100%. It implies that a small amount of correction is still required. There, a total of nine students made progress toward a good level, while one student demonstrated excellent mastery. Additionally, literal translation and semantic translation were the two most often employed translation techniques. The researcher proposes that the teacher should focus more on the issues of the students in light of this research. Students should practice translating texts on their own more often, be guided in their efforts, and motivated to do so. They should also learn more grammar rules, expand their vocabulary by memorizing more words, and refrain from using Google Translate too frequently.Keywords: translation, accuracy, translation method

A Modified 90-Degree Distal Chevron Metatarsal Osteotomy for Correcting Moderate Hallux Valgus Deformity.

Various modifications of distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy (DCMO) have been introduced for correcting moderate hallux valgus deformity; however, the amount of correction may be limited, and complications, such as the recurrence of the deformity and avascular necrosis of the metatarsal head, have been a problem. This study aimed to present a modified 90-degree DCMO technique that overcomes the previously reported shortcomings and to report a successful short-term radiographic outcome. Sixty-eight consecutive patients who underwent the operation with our modified DCMO technique and twenty-two consecutive patients with the conventional DCMO technique (control group) were retrospectively analyzed. The radiographic measurements were evaluated preoperatively, at two months post operation, and at the final follow-up. Both groups showed a significant correction of the hallux valgus angle, first-second intermetatarsal angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, and sesamoid position at the final follow-up, while the amount of correction was significantly greater in the modified DCMO group. In both groups, there were no cases of complications such as avascular necrosis of the metatarsal head, nonunion, and surgical site infection appearing throughout the follow-up period. Therefore, the modified 90-degree DCMO technique is effective and safe, which could serve as a favorable option to treat moderate hallux valgus deformity.

A Critical Review on Sulphur Application in Rapeseed-mustard to Enhancing Productivity and Oil Quality

Sulfur (S) plays a vital role in determining the seed yield, oil content, quality, and resistance to various stresses in rapeseed-mustard. It is essential for chlorophyll formation, oil synthesis, seed protein, amino acids, enzymes, and glucosinolate in these plants. Sulphur also boosts mustard seed production. However, due to modern agricultural practices, including multiple cropping, the use of sulfur-free fertilizers, and limited organic manure application, soil sulfur levels are depleting rapidly in India. Indian soils typically contain between 10 to 6319 mg kg-1 of sulfur, with most agricultural soils averaging 30 to 300 mg kg-1. Adding sulfur increases mustard oil content by enhancing the activity of an enzyme called acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is essential for oil synthesis. Sulfur also mitigates the harmful effects of heavy metal toxicity, especially from cadmium. Sulfur interacts with other nutrients in both positive and negative ways. Recommendations for sulfur fertilization in different mustard growing regions have been made based on various research programs. To maximize sulfur use efficiency, it's crucial to apply the correct amount based on soil tests and in balance with other limiting nutrients. Timing of sulfur application is also important; it's best applied at the beginning but can also be top-dressed 20-40 days after planting for optimal yield. Research suggests that mustard responds well to foliar spraying of thiourea during flowering and basal placement before sowing. This paper reviews the strategies to improve sulfur utilization through advancements in application rates, methods, and sulfur sources on rapeseed-mustard.

Appearance and evolution of radiolucent lines below the tibial implant in primary total knee arthroplasty.

The aim of this study was to evaluate total knee arthroplasty (TKA) radiographically to detect the occurrence of radiolucent lines (RLL) under the tibial base plate and to determine what type of RLL may have a correlation with aseptic loosening (AL). The study had two hypotheses: (1) RLLs may have different radiological aspects and evolutions in time depending of different factors (2) Signs of micro- and/or macro-mobility of the implant are necessary before diagnosing aseptic loosening of the tibial component. Retrospective cohort study of 774 patients operated with a Vanguard TKA (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, US) from 2007 to 2015. RLLs were recorded in a database and described according to their radiological aspect, localization, time of apparition, progression and eventual evolution to AL. Other collected parameters were pre- and post-operative HKA angles, amount of post-operative HKA correction, surgical, clinical and demographic data. 178/774 TKAs (23%) showed RLLs under the tibial base plate including 9 (1.2%) tibial implants needing revision for AL. Three different types and two aspects of RLLs were observed. Important deformity corrections or undercorrected implants were recognized as a mechanical risk factor for loosening. Elderly women with osteoporosis and young men with important pre-operative deformities were identified as clinical risk factors for RLLs. RLLs are frequently present at the epiphyseal bone/implant interface after total knee arthroplasty, but do not mean the implant is loose. They can be considered a sign of reduced epiphyseal surface fixation due to micro mobility of the tibial implant. Aseptic loosening can be observed radiologically when signs of macro-mobility of the implant are present at the metaphyseal level. III.

BIOMECHANICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE ALGORITHM FOR CHOOSING THE OPTION OF DISTAL CORRECTIVE OSTEOTOMY OF THE II–IV METATARSAL BONES IN THE TREATMENT OF METATARSALGIA

Deformations of the front part of the foot with valgus deformity of the first toe lead to a redistribution of the body weight load during walking between the heads of the metatarsal bones. At the same time, the load on the head of II and III, and sometimes IV metatarsal bones increases significantly. Objective. To substantiate the choice of the most correct distal metatarsal osteotomy for the treatment of patients with metatarsalgia. Materials and methods. Three variants of distal metatarsal osteotomy were simulated: Weil, Helal, and distal wedge-shaped metatarsal osteotomy. Result. Weil osteotomy allows you to raise the support point of the metatarsal head above the support surface from 2 to 7 mm, depending on the amount of displacement of the head in the proximal direction and the angle of inclination of the metatarsal bone relative to the plane of the support surface, which effectively reduces the load on the metatarsal head during walking, but under conditions of magnitude the angle of inclination of the axis of the metatarsal bone is more than 20°. Helal osteotomy with the subsequent displacement of the separated part proximally, ensures the lifting of the head above the conventional plane of support from 1 to 4 mm, contributes to the effective unloading of the head while standing and while walking. They are used only for severe metatarsalgia. The range of correction of the standing height of the support surface of the metatarsal head for performing a distal wedgeshaped osteotomy is determined to be from 0.6 to 2.9 mm. Its advantage is the independence of the amount of correction from the presence or absence of a decrease in the longitudinal arch of the foot. Conclusions. Weil osteotomy has the worst corrective possibilities of raising the head of the metatarsal bone, but is very easy to perform, so its use is advisable in the absence of reduction of the longitudinal arch of the foot. A wedge-shaped distal osteotomy has a range of correction of the metatarsal headelevation up to 3 mm, but it depends on its diameter, so it is used in the case of a head diameter of at least 10 mm. Helal osteotomy provides the widest range of elevation of the metatarsal head, which does not depend on the presence of any degree of flat feet, but has some technical limitations.

ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI AKUNTANSI PADA UKM DI KOTA PADANG

Accounting information is an important medium in business operational activities. Accounting information help owners in making business decisions. This community service aims to analyze the accounting information needs of Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM) in the city of Padang. The method used in this activity was observation and interviews with SME owners in Padang City. As a result, business owners need information about the inventory of their merchandise. Inventory information is needed because it relates to information on the amount of capital spent to purchase merchandise inventory. Thus, information regarding recording the amount of inventory via an inventory card is expected to help the owner to find out accounting information related to the correct amount of inventory.

Percutaneous transphyseal screw induces varus proximal femoral growth modulation in a growing pig model-A three-dimensional analysis.

Bone and joint angular deformities are common pediatric orthopedic problems that are often corrected surgically. Previous studies successfully demonstrated proximal femoral growth modulation in animal models, however outcome measurements were limited by two-dimensional analysis. In this study, six Yorkshire cross male piglets were treated with unilateral percutaneous transphyseal screw placement across the medial aspect of the proximal femoral physis and analyzed using three-dimensional (3D) techniques. Three primary outcome measures were considered-physis angle, version, and femoral length. Compared to paired controls, all treated femurs displayed varus correction and shortening after an average treatment period of 10 weeks. The amount of varus change was 11.6 ± 2.8° (mean ± SD) (p = 0.0002, 95% confidence interval [CI] [8.659, 14.589]) and shortening was 4.3 ± 1.6 mm (p = 0.0011, 95% CI [2.672, 5.942]). Four animals demonstrated retroversion and two demonstrated anteversion compared to controls (4.1 ± 5.4° retroversion, p = 0.1169, 95% CI [-1.483, 9.765]). The amount of varus correction was strongly correlated with the orientation of the screw relative to the medial/lateral axis of the physis (r = -0.887, p = 0.0183, 95% CI [-0.988, -0.271]). The amount and direction of version was strongly correlated with how eccentrically anterior or posterior the screw was placed relative to the center of the physis (r = -0.850, p = 0.0322, 95% CI [-0.983, -0.123]) as well as the angle of the screw relative to the posterior condylar axis of the femur (r = -0.980, p = 0.0006, 95% CI [-0.998, -0.822]). This study is the first to use 3D analysis to quantify proximal femur growth modulation and identify associations between the growth modulation outcomes and screw placement parameters.

Biologically plausible local synaptic learning rules robustly implement deep supervised learning.

In deep neural networks, representational learning in the middle layer is essential for achieving efficient learning. However, the currently prevailing backpropagation learning rules (BP) are not necessarily biologically plausible and cannot be implemented in the brain in their current form. Therefore, to elucidate the learning rules used by the brain, it is critical to establish biologically plausible learning rules for practical memory tasks. For example, learning rules that result in a learning performance worse than that of animals observed in experimental studies may not be computations used in real brains and should be ruled out. Using numerical simulations, we developed biologically plausible learning rules to solve a task that replicates a laboratory experiment where mice learned to predict the correct reward amount. Although the extreme learning machine (ELM) and weight perturbation (WP) learning rules performed worse than the mice, the feedback alignment (FA) rule achieved a performance equal to that of BP. To obtain a more biologically plausible model, we developed a variant of FA, FA_Ex-100%, which implements direct dopamine inputs that provide error signals locally in the layer of focus, as found in the mouse entorhinal cortex. The performance of FA_Ex-100% was comparable to that of conventional BP. Finally, we tested whether FA_Ex-100% was robust against rule perturbations and biologically inevitable noise. FA_Ex-100% worked even when subjected to perturbations, presumably because it could calibrate the correct prediction error (e.g., dopaminergic signals) in the next step as a teaching signal if the perturbation created a deviation. These results suggest that simplified and biologically plausible learning rules, such as FA_Ex-100%, can robustly facilitate deep supervised learning when the error signal, possibly conveyed by dopaminergic neurons, is accurate.

THU071 Key Device Attributes For Injectable SRL Therapy In Acromegaly And NETs To Aid Clinical Decision Making

Abstract Disclosure: W.W. de Herder: Research Investigator; Self; Novartis Pharmaceuticals. Speaker; Self; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Ipsen. S. Melmed: Consulting Fee; Self; Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ipsen, Novo Nordisk. Grant Recipient; Self; Pfizer Global R&D. C. Follin: None. W. Geilvoet: None. J.O. Jorgensen: Consulting Fee; Self; Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Global R&D. T. Kolarova: Grant Recipient; Self; Ipsen, ITM, AAA, Novartis Pharmaceuticals. M. Marks: None. W. Martin: Speaker; Self; Ipsen, AAA. K. Geerlings-Grootscholten: None. Background: Adherence, effectiveness and safety of SRL injections are similar for self- vs healthcare setting administration but patient preferences and device satisfaction vary. Device ease of use is associated with more favourable outcomes for other injectable hormones. Aim: To define key injectable SRL device attributes associated with optimal injection experience by people living with NETs/acromegaly and HCPs, identifying differences at 95% confidence. Methods: The survey (Jun-Nov ‘22) included active current users (≥6 months) of an SRL device for NETs/acromegaly, and for HCPs currently treating patients with NETs/acromegaly. There were 263 respondents from Australia, Canada, Chile, Denmark, Ireland, Mexico, Norway, Spain, UK, and USA: 201 patients (P), 10 caregivers (C) and 52 HCPs. In the P/C group (n=211), 157 people lived with NET and 54 with acromegaly; 74% were female. The HCP group (n=52) comprised 29 physicians, 20 nurses and 3 others (research nurse, clinical manager, patient leader) treating acromegaly (n=22), NET (n=15), or both (n=15). Results: P/C treatment duration ranged from 0.5->15y (≥3y in 61%); 49% had experience with >1 SRL device type. Most HCPs (62%) were prescribers, 48% administered SRL injections, 83% had experience with >1 SRL device type. In the P/C group, NET patients were significantly more likely to have injections administered by an HCP in a hospital setting (54% vs 26% with acromegaly, p=0.05). Home administration was more common among acromegaly P/C (57%; 26% self-injected, 22% by caregiver, 9% by HCP) vs NET P/C (30%; 10%, 9% and 11%, respectively). Top 3 key device attributes preferred by the P/C group were: 1) confidence that the correct amount of drug is delivered (76%); 2) quick administration with minimal pain/discomfort (68%); 3) device safety (needle-safety system, low risk of contamination; 53%).The top 3 in the HCP group was: 1) quick administration with minimal pain/discomfort (69%); 2) correct use is easy to learn, confidence in handling the device (63%); 3) confidence that the correct amount of drug is delivered (62%). Ease of learning and confidence on correct use was significantly more likely to be selected as important by HCPs than P/C (63% vs 44%, p=0.05); ‘shorter/finer needles’ was significantly more likely to be selected by P/C than HCPs (48% vs 25%; p=0.05). ‘Easy to store and transport’ was significantly more likely to be selected by people living with acromegaly vs NET (59% vs 35%, p=0.05). Conclusions: Patient opinions are important to define key device attributes impacting the injection experience. Home administration is more common in acromegaly vs NET, as reflected in P/C device attribute preferences. Identified differences in key device attributes preferred by patients and HCPs inform the decision on which SRL device best fits individual patient needs. Developed with COR2ED, supported by an independent educational grant from Ipsen. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

Empirical model for bandgaps of armchair graphene nanoribbons

Based on an empirical approach, we present a relation for the bandgaps of armchair graphene nanoribbons (aGNRs) as a function of their widths and number of armchair chains. Experimental bandgaps of a number of atomically well-defined aGNRs are studied here. It is found that experimentally reported bandgaps are underestimated or overestimated by existing theoretical models. Experimental data reveal that the bandgaps of N = 3p and N = 3p + 1 families of aGNR are directly related to the width and number of armchair chains. An empirical model for calculating the bandgaps of aGNRs is devised based on theoretical and experimental observations. Calculated bandgaps offer significant corrections for armchair aGNRs compared with previous tight-binding and density functional theory studies, and the amount of correction is represented by a semi-empirical correction term. The proposed relation indicates that not only the ribbon width but also the number of armchair chains plays a crucial role in determining the values and scaling rule for the bandgaps. Compared with previous models, our estimated bandgaps from the proposed empirical model can track qualitative and quantitative patterns of the experimental bandgaps very precisely, thus helping predict the bandgap of an aGNR for potential electronic and optoelectronic applications. The proposed empirical relation also gives insight into the correlation between the physical structure and electronic properties of a GNR. Furthermore, this model can be taken as a guide for devising a similar empirical model for calculating the bandgaps of other types of GNRs.

Lessons Learned – the Learning Curve of Percutaneous Hallux Valgus Correction Using 3rd Generation MICA in 106 Consecutive Cases

Category: Bunion; Other Introduction/Purpose: Minimally-invasive Chevron and Akin osteotomy (MICA) represents the third-generation percutaneous hallux valgus surgery which is characterized by an extra-articular osteotomy, stable internal fixation and a high potential for correction. Compared to other percutaneous techniques of the foot, MICA is generally regarded as an advanced and demanding surgical procedure with a prolonged learning curve. The aim of this study is to analyze a single-surgeons learning curve with his first 106 consecutive MICA procedures. Methods: Between May 2018 and November 2022, 106 consecutive MICA procedures performed by the author were prospectively analyzed focusing on surgery duration, number of fluoroscopies, radiological correction results and surgery- associated complications using a modified Clavien-Dindo classification. There were 95 female and 11 male patients with a mean age of 53y (range 16-78y). The mean preoperative intermetatarsal angle I/II (IMA) was 15,7°, the mean hallux valgus angle (HVA) 28,7°. Results: The average amount of radiological correction was 12,6° for IMA and 16,8° for HVA. Overall, the mean surgery duration was 41,6min. (range 27-90min.), the number of fluoroscopies (fs) was 110,8 (range 64-186 fs). Comparing the first 10 MICAS vs. the last 10 procedures, both surgery duration and the amount of fluoro shots decreased significantly (58,8min vs. 32,4min and 165,9 fs vs. 83,1fs). According to the modified Clavien-Dindo classification, there were three grade 1 complications (superficial cellulitis requiring oral antibiotics), four grade 2 complications (1 intraoperative conversion to open surgery, 1 delayed union, 2 symptomatic recurrences) and one grade 3 complication (delayed wound-healing requiring superifical wound revision). Overall screw removal rate was 18 /106 cases, all due to prominent hardware with square headless designed screws (non-beveled). Conclusion: This study represents the largest case series on the learning curve of MICA. Although the learning curve is prolonged requiring specific training and intensive practice, the rate of severe complications is not increased compared to open hallux valgus surgery. The use of bevel-headed screws is strongly advised to reduce the rate of secondary hardware removal. The learning curve manifests itself predominantly in a decreasing operation time and lower number of fluoroscopies. Adherence to the principles of MICA with stable fixation and meticulous intraoperative control of each surgical step helps to reduce complications and allows for adequate correction from the beginning.

Assessment of Changes in Hindfoot Alignment of Total Ankle Arthroplasty for Ankle Osteoarthritis on Weightbearing Subtalar X-ray View.

Recovering normal hindfoot alignment and correcting deformity of the ankle joint following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) in osteoarthritis (OA) is essential for improving clinical outcomes and increasing long-term survival. We aim to evaluate hindfoot alignment following standard TAA compared to TAA with a total talar prosthesis ("combined TAA") in varus-type OA patients. This retrospective study was conducted between 2010 and 2022. We included 27 patients (30 feet) who underwent standard TAA and 19 patients (22 feet) who underwent combined TAA. Hindfoot alignment at the subtalar joint was measured by weightbearing subtalar radiographic view before and after surgery. In the standard TAA, the angle between the tibial shaft axis and the articular surface of the talar dome joint (TTS) changed from 75 to 87 degrees (P < .01), the angle between the tibial axis and the surface on the middle facet (TMC) from 89 to 94 degrees (P < .01), and the angle between the tibial axis and the surface on the posterior facet (TPC) from 80 to 84 degrees (P < .01). The angle between the articular surface of the talar dome and the posterior facet of the calcaneus (SIA) decreased from 4.7 to -2.5 degrees (P < .01). In the combined TAA, TTS angle changed from 77 to 88 degrees (P < .01), TMC angle from 93 to 101 degrees (P < .01), TPC angle from 84 to 90 degrees (P < .05), and SIA from 6.6 to 2.1 degrees (P < .01). Varus deviation to the subtalar joint (TMC, TPC) significantly improved postoperatively in both groups. However, TPC was smaller than TTS and SIA was negative in standard TAA, and TPC was larger than TTS and SIA was positive in combined TAA. The amount of correction of the subtalar joint differed depending on the ligament dissection of the subtalar joint and shape of the talar component. Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Distal femoral osteotomy planning: Reversed Miniaci's method is more accurate than Dugdale and Paley methods

PurposesThe purpose of this study was to validate the reversed Miniaci method for distal femoral osteotomies and to compare the accuracy with Dugdale and Paley methods. MethodsBetween January 2019 and October 2021, 59 DFO were performed in a single center. Following application of the eligibility and exclusion criteria, radiographic measurements and analysis was performed for 24 patients by two independent observers, then repeated after one month. Medical planning software: PeekMed v2.3.7.6® was used. For all patients the following measurements were performed: Hip–Knee–Ankle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), joint line obliquity (JLO), width of the proximal tibia and the weight-bearing line (WBL). Each image was then analysed using the following planning methods for realignment surgery: Reversed Miniaci, Dugdale and Paley. Measurements were recorded post deformity correction. Difference between target and post-correction WBL was evaluated. This difference was adjusted by the objective in order to limit biases related to the different objectives according to the method. ResultsEighteen patients were managed for a varus osteotomy and 6 for a valgus osteotomy. Preoperative data was, HKA at 176.7±6.3, mLDFA at 90.6±5.4, MPTA 88.9±1.1, a WBL for valgus 80.9%±9.1 and for varus deformity 23.5%±11.7. Inter- and intra-rater reliability was>0.8 for every method. After normalizing reported precision on the amount of correction expected, reversed Miniaci method was the most accurate with a mean deviation from the target of 3%, compared to the Dugdale's method with 9% (p<0.001) and to Paley's method with 8.6% (p<0.001). ConclusionThe reversed Miniaci method is effective and reliable for planning distal femoral osteotomies. Compared to other planning methods, it is the most accurate approach for achieving a correction goal. Level of evidenceIV; retrospective cohort study.

TT-TG distance decreases after open wedge distal femoral varization osteotomy in patients with genu valgum & patellar instability. A pilot 3D computed tomography simulation study

BackgroundGenu valgum is considered to be a risk factor for patellar instability. Correction of valgus alone or combined with a tibial tuberosity medialization has been described. However, changes occurring in the tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance after a lateral distal femoral opening wedge osteotomy (LDF-OWO) are not known.PurposeThis study aimed to define changes in TT-TG distance with increasing amounts of valgus correction after LDF-OWO.MethodsThree-Dimensional Computed Tomography (3D-CT) scans of six patients (two females and four males) aged between 19 and 35 years with genu valgum and patellar instability were analyzed. 3D models of femoral, tibial, and patellar bones were created with the advanced segment option of Mimics 21® software. An oblique lateral opening wedge osteotomy of the distal femur was simulated in 2-degree increments up to 12 degrees of varus opening. Change in TT-TG distance was measured in mm on 3D models of the knee.ResultsCompared to baseline without osteotomy, the TT-TG distance decreased significantly (p < 0.05) for all corrections from 2 to 12 degrees in 2° steps. The TT-TG distance decreased by an average of 1.7 mm for every 2 degrees of varus opening.ConclusionLateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy causes a decrease in TT-TG distance. The surgeon should be aware of the magnitude of this change (1.7 mm decrease for every 2° increment of valgus opening).

Food and Health Safety of Prebiotics: A Review of Current Evidence

Food substances or carbohydrates which are indigestible but energize the growth and/or activity of useful bacteria in the digestive system and make the digestive system work more efficiently are referred to as prebiotics. Prebiotics support the growth of good gut bacteria and the association of various potential health benefits. They are a safe dietary addition that, when consumed in the correct amounts, offer many health benefits. This review article sums up the current research on the safety of prebiotics. Prebiotics may have some positive results, but there have been some safety worries about their use, which has called more attention to learning more about their safety characteristics. Reports have been published on a few possible aftereffects, which include dilate and gastrointestinal agony. After the consumption of prebiotics for some days, these negative effects are usually moderated. Prebiotics are governed by several organizations, including the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Food Safety Authority. Before prebiotics are placed on the shelf on sale, the manufacturers ensure compliance with regulations and instructions. People with preexisting medical conditions or those taking medications are advised to consult their doctor before ingesting prebiotics. Although some people may experience slight gastrointestinal discomfort, human and animal consumption of prebiotics is generally considered harmless. People with particular medical conditions might even benefit from prebiotics.

Parking behaviour under the influence of alcohol

Real-life driving studies evaluating the impact of alcohol influence on the ability to park a car are rare but necessary to assess a possible impairment to drive a car in the event of prosecution. In this study, 29 test persons (13 m, 16 f) completed three test drives with real cars, each made up of three different parking situations. While four test persons remained sober, the majority drank a previously calculated amount of alcohol before the second drive; the aim was to reach a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 1.1 g/kg. The third drive took place about 2 h later without any further ingestion of alcohol. The impact of BAC on the number of accidents, time needed to finish the drive, the amount of correction moves and quality of the final parking position (in the centre of the parking space) were analysed. Furthermore, pressure measuring films were applied to the test cars, measuring the average pressure and load in the areas of the accident impact. A significant increase of accidents could be noted with rising BAC. While a single accident happened to both sober and drivers under the influence of alcohol, more than one accident was only seen in drivers after the ingestion of alcohol (> 0.63 g/kg). The BAC had no impact on the other considered aspects. Concludingly, more than one impact site or accident while parking a car can serve as an indication for alcohol impairment of the driver at the time of the accident.

Short-segment percutaneous fusion versus open posterior fusion with screw in the fractured vertebra for thoracolumbar junction burst vertebral fracture treatment.

The treatment options for thoracolumbar junction burst fractures remain a topic of controversy. Short-segment percutaneous fixation (SSPF) and short-segment open fixation including the fractured level (SSOFIFL) are both viable procedures for managing these fractures. At present, there is a lack of evidence in the literature demonstrating the absolute superiority of one treatment over the other. This study aimed to compare these two surgical strategies with a focus on radiological and clinical outcomes. This retrospective case-control multicenter analysis involved patients with A3 and A4 vertebral fractures at the thoracolumbar junction (T11-L2) who underwent surgical treatment with either SSPF or SSOFIFL in the participating centers. Clinical outcomes were measured using the Oswestry Disability Index and visual analogue scale (VAS) both pre- and postoperatively. Radiological outcomes included kyphotic deformity (KD), anterior vertebral body height (AVBH), segmental kyphosis, and sagittal alignment parameters. A total of 156 patients were enrolled in the study, with 81 patients in Group A (SSPF) and 75 patients in Group B (SSOFIFL). Group B demonstrated better correction of KD (Group B: 3.4 ± 2.7° vs. Group A: 8.3 ± 3.2°, P = 0.003), AVBH, and sagittal alignment. A minor loss of correction was observed in Group B with respect to Group A (0.9 ± 1.7° vs 4.3° ± 2.1°, P = 0.043). Blood losses were lower in Group A (78 ± 15 min vs. 118 ± 23 min, P = 0.021) as well as during surgery (121.3 ± 34 mL vs. 210.2 ± 52 mL, P = 0.031), but the post-operative hemoglobin levels were comparable between the two groups. SSOFIFL appears to show a major amount of KD correction and prevent loss of correction. This technique should be the preferred choice whenever possible. However, SSPF can be considered a valid alternative for damage control in polytrauma patients and fractures with low KD.

Use of serum osmolality to identify heart disease stage in dogs and relationship to mathematical chloride correction.

Heart failure-associated hypochloremia can be depletional from diuretics or dilutional from water retention. Serum osmolality reflects water balance but has not been evaluated in dogs with heart disease. To determine if serum osmolality is related to heart disease stage and amount of mathematical correction of serum chloride (Cl- ) concentrations in healthy dogs and dogs with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD). Seventy-seven dogs (20 healthy, 25 Stage B MMVD, 32 Stage C/D MMVD). Serum Cl- concentrations were mathematically corrected. Osmolality was calculated (calOsm) and directly measured by freezing point depression (dmOsm) and compared by Bland-Altman analysis. Biochemical variables and osmolality were compared among healthy, Stage B, and Stage C/D dogs. Correlations were explored between osmolality and biochemical variables. Median and range are presented. P < .05 was considered significant. The calOsm was different among groups (P = .003), with Stage B (310 mOsm/kg; 306, 316) and C/D dogs (312 mOsm/kg; 308, 319) having higher calOsm than healthy dogs (305 mOsm/kg; 302, 308). Osmolality methods were moderately correlated (P < .0001, rs = .46) but with proportional bias and poor agreement. The amount of Cl- correction was negatively correlated with calOsm (P < .0001, rs = -.78) and dmOsm (P = .004, rs = -.33). Serum bicarbonate concentration was negatively correlated with Cl- (P < .0001, rs = -.67). Dogs with Stage B and Stage C/D heart disease had higher calOsm than healthy dogs. Osmolality was inversely related to the amount of Cl- correction, which supports its use in assessing relative body water content. Poor agreement between calOsm and dmOsm prevents methodological interchange.

Regulation with cell size ensures mitochondrial DNA homeostasis during cell growth

To maintain stable DNA concentrations, proliferating cells need to coordinate DNA replication with cell growth. For nuclear DNA, eukaryotic cells achieve this by coupling DNA replication to cell-cycle progression, ensuring that DNA is doubled exactly once per cell cycle. By contrast, mitochondrial DNA replication is typically not strictly coupled to the cell cycle, leaving the open question of how cells maintain the correct amount of mitochondrial DNA during cell growth. Here, we show that in budding yeast, mitochondrial DNA copy number increases with cell volume, both in asynchronously cycling populations and during G1 arrest. Our findings suggest that cell-volume-dependent mitochondrial DNA maintenance is achieved through nuclear-encoded limiting factors, including the mitochondrial DNA polymerase Mip1 and the packaging factor Abf2, whose amount increases in proportion to cell volume. By directly linking mitochondrial DNA maintenance to nuclear protein synthesis and thus cell growth, constant mitochondrial DNA concentrations can be robustly maintained without a need for cell-cycle-dependent regulation.