Amount Of Caries Research Articles

Dental paleopathologies in western Anatolian skeletons from the Late Eastern Roman Period (Attepe and Dereköy settlements).

The skeletons investigated herein were dated to the Late Eastern Roman Period, at the time of the golden age under the reign of the Macedonian dynasty ruled between 867 and 1056. In the Kütahya region, which acted as a border and frequently changed between the Eastern Roman and Seljuk states, the oral and dental health of the Attepe and Dereköy populations in this period was differed proportionally. A dam was constructed in Kütahya Province near Kureyşler Village for irrigation purposes. The Attepe settlement (AD 986-1050) and Dereköy necropolis (AD 966-1032) are located within the boundaries of the dam lake. To save the cultural assets in these areas, excavation studies were conducted by the Kütahya Museum in the region in 2014. This study investigated 447 permanent teeth from 34 adult individuals in the Attepe population, and 270 permanent teeth from 17 adult individuals in the Dereköy population dated to the Late Eastern Roman period. When the distribution of dental diseases in the Attepe population was examined, it was determined that 13.77% had caries, 0.81% had periapical lesions, 68.18% had periodontal disease, 13.07% had calculus, 17.98% had hypoplasia, and 22.33% had antemortem tooth loss (AMTL). In the Dereköy population, 12.88% had caries, 2.01% had periapical lesions, 80% had periodontal disease, 3.83% had calculus, 23.28% had hypoplasia, and 5.37% had AMTL. In both populations, the degree of tooth wear was determined as grade 3 and 4. The dental data showed that agricultural-dominated nutrition consumption was effective in the Attepe and Dereköy populations. In both populations, there were significant differences between the amount of caries and calculus (p = 0.00 < 0.05) as well as tooth wear and calculus (p = 0.00 < 0.05). When all these findings were assessed in an integrated fashion, it was possible to understand the features of a village population being involved in agriculture and dominant stock farming in a region in western Anatolia during the 10th-11th centuries, which coped, for the most part, with epidemics and infectious diseases, wars, and perhaps periodic famines.

Survival rate of stainless steel crown restorations according to depth of caries in primary molars

The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare outcome of preformed stainless steel crown restorations according to depth of caries in primary molars. The study subjects consisted primary molars having dentin caries extending at least one-fourth of dentin without signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis. A total 295 primary molars received preformed stainless steel crown restorations without any base materials were included in this study. Survival rates were compared using a Kaplan-Meier analysis test. There was no significant difference between depth of caries and survival period in primary molars. And also there was no significant difference with or without pulp therapy. The results of this study suggest that neither the amount of caries nor pulp therapy affect the survival period of primary molars significantly. Proper restoration is more important to achieve sealing for stopping caries progression.

Developing haptic caries simulation for dental education

Background: Treating tooth decay (caries removal) is an essential skill for dental students to learn. The process relies heavily on the dentist's ability to evaluate the state of the dental tissue being probed, a judgement made largely based on tactile investigation. Currently, most dental schools use plastic or extracted teeth to teach caries removal. Replication of the ‘feel’ of caries is not available in plastic teeth, and while extracted teeth may hold some value, most extracted teeth do not reflect a realistic carious lesion, appropriate for caries removal. Aim: To develop haptic caries simulations, allowing students to practice the tactile aspects of caries removal in a controlled environment on the Moog Simodont Dental Trainer. Materials and methods: Early work found that, due to the anisotropic nature of dentine and tooth decay, cone beam CT data of carious teeth would not provide a realistic simulation of carious lesions. It was decided to produce the caries programmatically, allowing for full control of all variables. Custom software was created to enable the creation of blocks containing unique variations of caries. Each block is produced with segment data to enable automatic marking. Results: A library of 'caries blocks' has been built. The blocks hold varying shape, depth and amount of caries within a simulated ‘tooth’ consisting of enamel, dentine and pulp tissue, allowing the student to practice on an unseen case every time. The design of the block encourages the user to follow typical pathological patterns to remove the lesion, while retaining the maximum amount of enamel, as is considered good practice. Each block contains segment information allowing for automatic objective marking. Conclusions: Simulated carious blocks can provide a safe environment for novice dental students to practice caries removal based on tactile sensation. The caries block generation process enables the creation of a large library of disparate carious models calling for a unique solution for each case.

Cambra system in patients awaiting hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant and high caries risk.

BackgroundRecent times have witnessed a significant increase in the number of patients affected by problems related to oncological treatment Aims of this study is to evaluate dental affectation among patients awaiting hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant (HPCT), and they showed high caries risk, so it should establish a protocol prior to transplantation.Material and MethodsThe study included 72 patients due for HPCT. Clinical and radiological explorations were performed and oral photos taken. The amount of caries, missing teeth and fillings were registered for each patient. CAO, DMFS and Restoration Indices were calculated.Results83% of patients presented caries. 48 patients (67%) had lost at least one tooth. Only 32 patients (44%) had received some sort of conservative treatment. The average CAO index value obtained was 10.37. The DMFS index showed an average of 27.06 affected surfaces. Of the 72 patients studied, 40 (56%) showed a restoration index value of zero.ConclusionsThese patients presented a high number of carious teeth and a low restoration index. The presence of so many possible septic foci in an individual, who will later become susceptible to infection, highlights the importance of preventative treatment and bucco-dental restoration within this patient population. These patients with a high caries risk can be treated with CAMBRA system. Key words:Hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation, high caries risk, state of oral health, haematological disease, CAMBRA system.

Influence of the antioxidant content of saliva on dental caries in an at-risk community

This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the total antioxidant capacity of saliva and the presence of dental caries in deciduous and permanent teeth, in a group of Saharan children. The dental examination was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO). The total antioxidant capacity of the saliva was determined by colorimetry. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the saliva of patients with caries in deciduous teeth was 2.89 1/IC50 greater than among those without. We observed a statistically significant linear regression between the number of deciduous teeth affected by caries and the total antioxidant capacity of the saliva: y = 0.24 + 0.53 x TAC saliva (t = 2.93; p = 0.004) (95% CI of b: 0.018-0.088). Our results show that the amount of caries in deciduous teeth is in direct proportion to the observed TAC of saliva, and that the presence of caries in deciduous teeth is associated with caries in permanent teeth.

Zahngesundheit deutscher und türkischer Schüler - Ein 10-Jahresvergleich

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the changes in dental health in 12- and 15-year-old Turkish immigrants and German students who were included in a school-based caries-preventive programme for ten years (1993-2003). In 1993 352 and 402 12- and 15-year-olds and in 2003 352 and 402 12- and 15-year-olds were investigated, respectively. 23.6% of the 12-year-olds and 21.5% of the 15-year-olds were of Turkish origin. The clinical examination was performed with support of artificial light at school. Caries was diagnosed according to the WHO standard using the DMFT Index for permanent dentition. Within the ten-year period the highest increment of caries-free dentitions was found in 12- and 15-year old Germans attending grammar schools with 41,5% and 27% and secondary modern schools with 22,3% and 17%, respectively. The proportion of caries-free Turkish students attending secondary modern schools, only increased imperceptible in both age groups (1.2%). A significant caries decline of 1.5 DMFT was observed in 12-year old Germans at grammar schools, only. In 15-year olds caries declined in German students at secondary modern schools (2.5 DMFT), and at Grammar schools (2.2 DMFT), significantly, however caries experience in Turkish students remained nearly unchanged (0.3 DMFT). A strong polarisation of dental caries was found in 2003. Among the 12-year-olds 23% of those at secondary modern school accumulated 70% of the total caries experience (>3 DMFT) and at grammar school 9% of students accumulated 76% of the whole amount of caries (>1 DMFT). Among the 15-year-olds 73% of the total caries experience (>3 DMFT) was concentrated in 32% of the students at secondary modern schools, while 25% of the students at grammar schools exhibited 84% of the whole amount of caries (>1 DMFT). Intended concepts in caries prevention in the future should aim to improve dental health especially in Turkish students at secondary modern schools while taking social inequality of this risk group into account.

Investigation of the operative response of a group of general dental practitioners to varying extents of proximal caries.

The aim of this investigation was to assess the operative response of a representative sample of Irish General Dental Practitioners of various times since qualification to carious lesions of varying extent in both approximal surfaces of a lower left first molar tooth. 82 General Dental practitioners participated. The dentists were asked to treat 2 manikin teeth for minimal caries on both approximal surfaces extending to the enamel dentine junction, 2 teeth for caries extending approximately to half the thickness of the dentine and 2 teeth for caries extending more than 3/4 of the dentine thickness. Weight measurements were made of the tooth substance cut away. Mean volumes of tooth material removed ranged from 21 mm3 for minimal caries to 76 mm3 for the largest amount of caries. A two-factor analysis of variance revealed that the type of cavity preparation the dentist used had a significant effect on the volume of tooth material removed for all three extents of caries. Time since graduation had a significant effect on the volume of tooth material removed for the least extent of caries, but not for the other categories of carious involvement.

Differences in Cariogenicity between Fresh Isolates of Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus sobrinus is known to possess cariogenic properties in vitro. It can produce acid in large amounts and it has the capacity to adhere to enamel and other surfaces. However, most studies on cariogenicity have been performed with laboratory strains that have been subcultured over long periods of time. Therefore, the cariogenicity and acidogenicity of 9 fresh isolates of both S. sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans from human dental plaque were compared. The bacteria were inoculated into the oral cavity of rats. The rats were fed diet SSP 20/5, containing 20% sucrose and 5% glucose. After the experimental period of 42 days, the amount of caries was assessed and bacterial counts were determined using monoclonal antibodies. Four out of 9 S. sobrinus strains and 3 out of 9 S. mutans strains did not colonize the rats. Colonizing strains constituted 39-78% of the total anaerobic cultivable microflora. The numbers of advanced dentinal lesions in the fissures of the rats colonized with S. mutans were significantly lower than those colonized with S. sobrinus (p less than 0.05). S. sobrinus produced acid more rapidly than S. mutans in a pH-stat system at pH values between 6.5 and 5.0 (p less than 0.01). The results indicate that fresh isolates of S. sobrinus are more cariogenic in rats than fresh isolates of S. mutans. This is possibly due to differences in glycolytic properties of these two species.

Root surface caries and periodontal disease in long-term alloxan diabetic rats.

Caries, periodontal disease, and occlusal wear were studied in rats with short-term (one month) and long-term (12 months) untreated alloxan diabetes and in age-matched control rats. Standard laboratory diet and water were given ad libitum. Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli were naturally occurring inhabitants of the oral bacterial flora. In short-term diabetic rats, there was less dental plaque in the gingival region of the first mandibular molar than in control rats, but the density of leukocytes in the junctional epithelium was increased. Interdentally, the gingival papillae were intact, and the prevalence of foreign material was as low as for the controls. No caries lesions were seen. The proportion of the oral flora which was lactobacilli was positively correlated with the blood glucose level. In long-term diabetic rats, there was more periodontal breakdown than in the age-matched control rats. The periodontal breakdown was always associated with large interdental impactions of foreign material. Caries was seen only in the diabetic rats and in sites with interdental impactions. The decay was shown to start in the cementum at the cemento-enamel junction. The amount of alveolar bone loss, but not the amount of dental caries, was related to the degree of hyperglycemia. Occlusal wear of the molars in long-term diabetic rats was significantly increased as compared with that in the controls.

Evaluation of Dental Caries Experience and Salivary IgA in Children Ages 3–7

48 children were surveyed varying in ages from 3–7 years as to their salivary IgA concentration, oral hygiene, caries experience, allergic history, and whether they were bottle fed or breast fed. Of these variables, findings indicate that both salivary IgA concentration and oral hygiene together influence the amount of dental caries in these children as demonstrated by a negative correlation.