Desorption Of Ammonia Research Articles

Organic Structure-Directing Agent Free Synthesis of Mordenite with Seeds, Used as A Support for Mo Catalysts in the Transesterification of Soybean Oil

This work prepared mordenite using seeds and without organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs). The Mo/Mordenite was prepared through wet impregnation and the catalysts’ performance was checked for transesterification of soybean oil with methanol. The mordenite zeolite was prepared through hydrothermal crystallization under static conditions with a molar composition of 6Na<sub>2</sub>O:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:30SiO<sub>2</sub>:780H<sub>2</sub>O. The catalyst samples were characterized crystallinity through X-ray diffraction, elemental composition by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, Surface areas by N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption, surface morphology scanning electron microscopy, functional group by infrared spectroscopy and active sites by temperature programmed desorption of ammonia. The transesterification of soybean oil was carried out using the following parameters: 5% catalyst by weight, 1:12 oil to methanol molar ratio, at 200°C for either 12 h or 24 h. X-ray diffraction patterns showed the characteristic peaks of the mordenite structure. After molybdenum oxide was added, the structure of mordenite zeolite was conserved while the specific surface area was reduced. The morphology can be described as a highly crystalline material with well-defined crystalline particles having a spherical profile characteristic of the typical morphology of sodium mordenite zeolite with a low silicon/aluminum ratio. The catalyst samples exhibited sites of a weak and medium-strength nature. The higher activity of the catalyst (Mo/Mordenite) about mordenite zeolite, could be justified by the existence of molybdenum. The wet impregnation of metal (Mo) on the surface of the MOR zeolite is an effective option to increase the acidity of the solid catalysts. Mordenite with 8.84% Mo could be a promising catalyst for the biodiesel factory.

Theoretical and Experimental Study for Cross-Coupling Aldol Condensation over Mono- and Bimetallic UiO-66 Nanocatalysts

Mono- and bimetallic UiO-66 nanocatalysts were synthesized using the solvothermal synthesis method and evaluated in the aldol condensation reaction of benzaldehyde and acetone in a batch reactor. N2 physisorption, thermogravimetric analysis, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, potentiometric titration, and Fourier transform infrared were used to characterize the nanocatalysts. The higher activity exhibited by the Zr/Hf-UiO-66 catalyst could be attributed to the lower orbital energy interaction with benzaldehyde, as shown by density functional theory. A synergetic effect is observed for the bimetallic UiO-66 nanocatalyst between Zr and Hf, obtaining a higher reaction rate than the monometallic nanocatalysts. Meanwhile, this antagonistic effect was shown in the bimetallic catalysts between Zr and Ce, which was less active than the monometallic UiO-66 catalyst due to free COOH generated during the synthesis. Finally, the selectivity results showed that incorporating Hf and Ce on Zr-UiO-66 favors benzalacetone formation by cross-coupling condensation of benzaldehyde and acetone at isoconversion conditions.

Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite using amino acid as template: Avoiding phase separation and fabricating an ultra-small mesoporous structure

Hierarchical ZSM-5 was successfully prepared using l-carnitine and l-lysine as mesoporous templates, and the influence of the dosage of “secondary template” represented by l-carnitine on the formation of hierarchical zeolite was investigated in detail. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric-derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG), pyridine infrared and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) were used to characterize the structural and textural properties of the as-prepared samples. The results showed that the hydrophilic property of the amino acid template overcame the phase separation and constructed a mesoporous system with an ultra-small size of 2–10 nm in the as-synthesized zeolite crystals. Not only the morphology and grain size, but also the Si/Al ratio and then the acidity of zeolite were affected by the “secondary template”. Catalytic cracking of triisopropylbenzene was chosen as a probe reaction so as to investigate the effect of the fabricated hierarchical porous system on the catalytic performances of the catalysts. The results showed that the introduction of hierarchical pores elevated the external surfaces of the catalyst and therefore significantly improved the catalytic cracking performance of the catalyst for the heavy molecules triisopropylbenzene. At the same time, the introduced mesopore structure also gave the macromolecule reactant a hierarchically cracking process because of the acid active sites located in the different spaces.

2nd generation PLA; Lactide formation directly from aqueous lactic acid

In order to develop a 2nd generation polylactic acid (PLA) process, lactide (LD) was synthesized directly from a commercially available 90% aqueous lactic acid (LA) solution. Experiments were conducted in an ordinary continuous flow fixed bed reactor. The reaction was carried out over various zeolites and γ-Al2O3 catalysts. Furthermore, the influence of pressure, temperature and water content in the inlet was studied. The highest LD selectivity of 98.9% was obtained using 90% LA and γ-Al2O3 as catalyst. In addition, it is concluded that LD yield increases when using highly concentrated LA oligomer with a minor amount of water. The catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption isotherms (BET), temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) and pyridine Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (Py-FTIR).

The transformation of amorphous aluminum oxide during the catalytic dehydration of aromatic alcohol

A wide application of aluminum oxides in the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts for petrochemistry and oil refining makes it necessary to reveal factors determining the efficiency of the catalytic systems. However, the literature provides no data concerning the effect produced by the amorphous phase in aluminum oxide catalysts on characteristics of the catalytic reaction. Usually the content of amorphous phase is not categorized; however, its presence may significantly deteriorate the catalyst efficiency. X-ray diffraction analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, electron microscopy and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia were used in this work to examine samples of the amorphous aluminum oxide obtained from two different precursors. Catalytic properties of the samples were investigated during the vaporphase dehydration of 1-phenylethanol to styrene. It was shown for the first time that the transformation of amorphous aluminum oxide in the catalytic reaction decreased the conversion of alcohol from 84 (for the fresh catalyst) to 64 % (for the regenerated sample). Crystallization of amorphous aluminum oxide by the high-temperature treatment enhanced the catalytic performance, but it did not reach the desired values due to a considerable deterioration of the textural characteristics and acidic properties of the aluminum oxide surface.

Effect of yttrium on catalytic performance of Y-doped TiO2 catalysts for propane dehydrogenation

Defective bulk catalysts based on TiO2 have superior catalytic performance for propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The oxygen vacancy concentration and the number of active sites on the catalyst surface can be effectively tuned by doping metal in TiO2. Herein, yttrium (Y)-doped titanium dioxide (nY/TiOx) catalysts were in-situ synthesized via the coprecipitation method to study the effect of rare earth metal Y doping on the structure of TiO2 and the catalytic performance for PDH. Experimental results demonstrate that Y-doped TiO2 exhibits higher catalytic activity, propylene selectivity and stability than bare TiO2. Full characterizations with X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption (Py-IR), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and Raman techniques on these catalysts reveal that Y3+ can enter TiO2 lattice, and the lattice stability of the catalyst can be enhanced by replacing Ti4+ to form Y–O–Ti structure. Meanwhile, the introduction of an appropriate amount of Y can obviously promote the PDH reaction by adjusting the acidity of the catalyst, improving the release capacity of TiO2 lattice oxygen and increasing the formation of active centers. Nevertheless, excessive Y doping will lead to pore clogging, and the exposure of active sites will be reduced, resulting in the degradation of catalytic performance.

Synthesis of Sustainable Acid Biochar Catalysts Derived from Waste Biomass for Esterification of Glycerol

AbstractAfrican dream herb shells were subjected to carbonization in N2 atmosphere at various temperatures to synthesis of sustainable biochar. This biochar was characterized by X‐ray diffraction, FE‐SEM, FT‐IR, Laser Raman, Thermo gravimetric analysis, CHNS‐analysis, N2‐adsorption‐desorption and Temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (TPD‐NH3). These biochar carbon catalysts were employed as catalysts for the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid without any modifications. The production of biochar with more strong acidic sites resulted from carbonization at 500 °C. Amorphous carbon that has experienced high‐temperature carbonization is made up of sheets of aromatic carbon that are oriented somewhat randomly. The biochar is produced at 500 °C had the highest rate of glycerol esterification with strong acidic sites of carbon. Based on the properties of the biochar as determined by several characterization techniques, the catalytic activity of the materials was explained. This biochar catalyst exhibited highly stable up to five times.

Efficient partial nitritation performance of real printed circuit board tail wastewater by a zeolite biological fixed bed reactor

At present, low-carbon treatment of printed circuit board (PCB) tail wastewater by anammox process had not been reported. Stably produced nitrite instead of nitrate was the key to anammox process. In this study, a zeolite biological fixed bed (ZBFB) reactor was started up to investigate the partial nitritation (PN) performance for the treatment of synthetic wastewater and PCB tail wastewater, with ammonium concentration of 100 and 105 mg/L, respectively. ZBFB presented stable nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) of 98.20 % and 97.61 % during the biological desorption stage, respectively. The PN mechanism was proven as the free ammonia (FA) inhibition, which was maintained by the continuous desorption of ammonium from zeolite. Although PCB tail wastewater showed strong inhibition on bioactivity, stable and efficient nitrite accumulation was obtained. The average nitrite producing rate (NPR) was 0.816 and 0.352 kg N/(m3·d), separately. The secretion of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) decreased. High-throughput sequencing analysis results further presented the enrichment of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (Nitrosomonas) in ZBFB. The enrichment of denitrifying bacteria (Thauera) indicated the occurrence of simultaneous partial nitritation and denitrification (SPND). These results meant a novel and reliable PN method by ZBFB for real wastewater was feasible, which further promoted the development of energy-saving anammox process in industrial wastewater treatment.

Ammonia storage and slip under steady and transient state in close-coupled SCR

The close-coupled selective catalytic reduction (cc-SCR) catalyst is an effective technology to reduce tailpipe NOx emission during cold start. This paper investigated the optimal ammonia storage under steady and transient state in the cc-SCR. The study showed that a trade-off between NOx conversion efficiency and ammonia slip is observed on the pareto solutions under steady state, and the optimal ammonia storage is calculated with ammonia slip less than 10 µL/L based on the China Ⅵ emission legislation. The rapid temperature increase will lead to severe ammonia slip in the transient test cycle. A simplified 0-D calculation method on ammonia slip under transient state is proposed based on kinetic model of ammonia adsorption and desorption. In addition, the effect of ammonia storage, catalyst temperature and temperature increasing rate on ammonia slip are analyzed. The optimal ammonia storage is calculated with maximum ammonia slip less than 100 µL/L according to the oxidation efficiency of ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) downstream cc-SCR. It was found that the optimal ammonia storage under transient state is much lower than that under steady state in cc-SCR at lower temperature, and a phase diagram is established to analyze the influence of temperature and temperature increasing rate on optimal ammonia storage.

Structural and Catalytic Properties of the Binary Systems Alumina – Amorphous Aluminosilicate

The amorphous aluminosilicate – alumina systems were examined using various physicochemical methods, including the analysis of 27Al NMR spectra of solid samples, estimation of the catalyst acidity by temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, investigation of the sample structure by X-ray diffraction analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis of the samples. A study on the catalytic properties of the samples upon cracking on the model feedstock n-dodecane in a mixture with 2-methylthiophene revealed that conversion of the feedstock increases in the series: 100 % Al2O3 (AH) > 70 % Al-Si + 30 % Al2O3 (AH) > 30 % Al-Si + 70 % Al2O3 (AH) > 100 % Al-Si (AH – aluminum hydroxide obtained by sulfate method; Al-Si – amorphous aluminosilicate). An increase in the calcination temperature of the samples from 500 to 700 °C decreases the conversion of the feedstock. The growing contribution of hydrogen transfer reactions leads to an increase in the formation selectivity of hydrogen sulfide and a decrease in the content of sulfur compounds in the liquid products.

Adsorption Capacities of Ammonia‐Activated Carbon Pairs in a Single‐Bed Adsorption Cooling System

AbstractIn this study, the adsorption capacities of activated charcoal‐ammonia working pairs at room temperature, at which waste heat is supplied, were studied in a tube‐in‐tube adsorption bed in the pressure range of 0.4–10 bar. A double‐pipe adsorption bed was designed, constructed, and utilized for sequential adsorption and desorption of ammonia at 27 °C. Three types of granular activated carbons (GACs) with different particle size distributions were used as adsorbents. Experimental observations showed that the highest adsorption capacity for ammonia was shown by GAC‐2 with broader particle size distribution. The adsorption behaviors of all three adsorbents closely followed the Langmuir model under the operating conditions used in the study.

In search of the bottlenecks of ammonia synthesis over Ru/Vulcan under ambient conditions.

Hydrogenation of the N-N bond under ambient conditions over 1 wt% Ru/Vulcan was monitored through operando Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and DFT. IR signals centered at 3017 cm-1 and 1302 cm-1 were visible with attributes similar to the asymmetric stretching and bending vibrations of gas phase ammonia at 3381 cm-1 and 1650 cm-1. The intensities of the signals increased with consecutive H2 : Ar and N2 flow cycles at room temperature and atmospheric pressure due to accumulation of the formed NHX on the catalyst surface. DFT estimations revealed that a compound with a molecular stoichiometry of N-NH3 can give rise to an IR signal centered at 3051.9 cm-1. The results of this study, combined with the known vapor liquid phase behavior of ammonia, suggest that under subcritical conditions, the bottlenecks of ammonia synthesis are both N-N bond dissociation and ammonia desorption from the pores of the catalyst.

Achieving reaction pathway separation for electrochemical nitrate fixation on triatomic catalysts: A new mechanism

As the continuous development of electrocatalytic technique, the degradation of toxic nitrate wastewater into green fuel ammonia has become the goal of researcher’s unremitting efforts by electrochemical method. Particularly, a high performance catalyst for electrochemical process is regarded as an indispensable tool for sustainable cycle. Although existing designed electrodes may effectively advance nitrate reduction reaction, they remain unsatisfactory due to elusive reaction processes. Here, a brand-new reaction mechanism has been proposed via density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecule dynamic (AIMD) methods, which breaks the bottleneck of linear scaling in atomic scale catalyst design. It is found that triple Mn atoms anchored on graphdiyne (Mn 3 -GDY) can drive nitrate adsorption and ammonia desorption on its surface with weak binding strength and strong activation by the spin polarization of active site. In addition, the powerful adsorption capacity of triatomic active site prevents the thermodynamic barrier from rising due to the transformation of the intermediates *NO 3 H and *NO 2 H into *NO 2 *OH and *NO*OH, respectively. More importantly, in accordance with the “weak-strong-weak” principle, Mn 3 -GDY has rapid response to ammonia desorption that is conducive to boost the turnover frequency. Anyway, this work may provide a new insight into atomic catalysts for improving reaction mechanisms. • Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate into ammonia is realized on triatomic catalysts • A new mechanism breaks the bottleneck of linear scaling in atomic catalyst design • This mechanism perfectly matches the “weak-strong-weak” design principles • Mn 3 -GDY is an excellent candidate for NO 3 RR with an low limiting potential of 0.23 V

Designed synthesis of nanostructured ZrO2 as active support for glycerol valorization reaction

Designed synthesis of nanostructured ZrO 2 as support for glycerol valorization reaction was investigated. The nanocasting route was used to obtain the ZrO 2 support possessing well-dispersed Cu and Zn nanoparticles. The solids were fully characterized by High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), N 2 -physisorption isotherms, Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH 3 -TPD), Scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements. The resultant CuZn/ZrO 2 catalyst presented here was distinguished by its unique mesostructured features and defective sites formation. The promotional effect of Cu nanoparticles on the activity illustrated that the formation of active acid sites of medium to strong strength can be modulated by adding a second metal to the catalyst. All these properties provided active solids for acetalization of glycerol with aldehydes and ketones due to the interaction between the active centers and the nanostructured support. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation showed the most favorable mechanistic route of low energy for biofuel additives production.

Possibility of application of high silicon keolitic catalyst with thermal and mechanochemical treatment for catalytic flavoring of the propane-butane fraction

The studies were carried out in a flow catalytic device in the stationary phase of the catalyst (catalyst volume 6 cm3), at 450–6000C, at normal atmospheric pressure (P = 0.1 MPa), was carried out under conditions in which the volumetric velocity of the initial gas mixture was 600–1000 h-1. Qualitative and quantitative composition of propane-butane fraction and reaction products were analyzed on the chromatograph “Chromatic-Crystal 5000M” under the following favorable conditions: separation of gaseous products was carried out in a column thermal conductivity detector (TCD) with a length of 3 m and a diameter of 3 mm filled with 8% NaOH / Al2O3. The separation of liquid products was carried out in a DV-1 capillary quartz column (30 m x 0.25 μm), and detection was carried out in a flame ionization detector. Check the acidity of the catalysts. The acid characteristics of the samples were studied by the method of the programmed desorption of ammonia in the automatic chemisorption analyzer “USGA-101”. X-ray phase analysis: X-ray examination of the samples (X-ray phase analysis) was performed on a diffractometer XRD-6100 (Shimadzu, Japan). Phase identification was performed based on radiographs of individual components (JSPDS card index) based on data from the literature. The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of using thermally and mechanochemically treated high-silicon zeolite catalysts in the catalytic aromatization of the propane-butane fraction and acid properties.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FEATURES OF AROMATIZATION OF LOWER ALKANE С3 – С4 ON HIGH SILICA ZEOLITE CATALYSTS MODIFIED WITH Zn, LA AND P ADDITIVES

The physicochemical characteristics of zeolite-containing catalysts modified by the introduction of zinc, lanthanum and phosphorus, as well as their activity in the aromatization of propane-butane fractions, have been studied. The maximum amount of aromatic hydrocarbons (43.6%) in the processing of the propane-butane fraction is formed on the Zn-La-P-ZSM-Al2 O3 catalyst at 500 °C, while the selectivity for aromatic hydrocarbons is 80.0%. When processing the propane- propylene fraction in the temperature range of 400-600°C, the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons on the Zn-La-P-ZSM-Al2O3 catalyst is significantly higher compared to other studied catalysts. The activity of catalysts in the processing of light hydrocarbons mainly depends on the structure and state of active centers and the conditions of the process. The results of the study of catalysts by electron microscopy and thermal desorption of ammonia showed that acid sites coexist with metal sites on the surface of the developed catalysts. The composition of acid sites can include metals in various degrees of oxidation, fixed both inside the zeolite cavities and on their outer side. The most active, stable KTG-4 catalyst (Zn-La-P-ZSM-Al2 O3 ) is recommended for pilot testing at gas and oil refineries when processing propane-butane fraction and gases released during catalytic cracking into aromatic hydrocarbons.

Heterogenization of a Tungstosilicic Acid Catalyst for Esterification of Bio-Oil Model Compound

Based on a prior demonstration of the high activity of a homogeneous tungstosilicic acid catalyst for the esterification of acetic acid as bio-oil model compound, a further study has been undertaken in an attempt to heterogenize the catalyst. Tungsten oxide was supported on amorphous silica (W/A150) using incipient wetness impregnation and incorporated into the structure of structured silica (W-KIT-5) via a one-step hydrothermal synthesis. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), physisorption (BET), and temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD). Both series were evaluated for the esterification of acetic acid with ethanol and compared with the homogeneous 12-tungstosilicic acid catalyst. The result of XRD analysis suggests the average crystallite size of the W oxide nanoparticles on both supports to be less than 2 nm, while XPS analysis revealed that all W existed in the W 6+ oxidation state. From the BET and NH3-TPD analyses, it was shown that the KIT-5 series had higher surface area and acidity than the W/A150 catalyst. The 10% W-KIT-5 was shown to be the best heterogeneous catalyst with the highest activity and acid conversion of about 20% and 93% of the homogeneous catalyst. Significant leaching of tungsten from both the supports occurred and will have to be solved in the future.

A predictive model for ammonium removal in polishing ponds operated in sequential bath mode.

The magnitude of pH changes in polishing ponds can be predicted by simple stoichiometric rules if the extent of processes affecting this parameter is known. Thus, the objective of this article was to develop a model that predicts pH variation and ammonia desorption in polishing ponds in sequential batches, depending on the rates of processes that affect pH in ponds and to evaluate the influence of temperature and depth on these processes. As the temperature conditions change during the year, for model validation, tests were carried out under two medium temperature conditions (hot period and cold period) and four lakes with depths between 0.2 and 1.0 m. The proposed model is validated by the good correspondence between the simulated and experimentally obtained values for the two temperature conditions and for both periods. For the hot period, the model excelled, presenting a high linear correlation, always with R 2 above 0.90 for all ponds. For the cold period, the lowest R 2 obtained was 0.74 for the four lakes. Thus, the proposed model is suitable to describe the pH variation and ammonia desorption in polishing ponds in sequential batches, at all analyzed depths and under both temperature conditions.

Desorption of Ammonia Adsorbed on Prussian Blue Analogs by Washing with Saturated Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate Solution

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) have been reported as promising ammonia (NH3) adsorbents with a high capacity compared to activated carbon, zeolite, and ion exchange resins. The adsorbed NH3 was desorbed by heating and washing with water or acid. Recently, we demonstrated that desorption was also possible by washing with a saturated ammonium hydrogen carbonate solution (sat. NH4HCO3aq) and recovered NH3 as an NH4HCO3 solid by introducing CO2 into the washing liquid after desorption. However, this has only been proven for copper ferrocyanide and the relationship between the adsorption/desorption behavior and metal ions in PBAs has not been identified. In this study, we investigated the adsorption/desorption behavior of PBAs that are complexes of first row transition metals with hexacyanometalate anions. Six types of PBAs were tested in this study and copper ferricyanide exhibited the highest desorption/adsorption ratio. X-ray diffraction results revealed high structural stability for cobalt hexacyanocobaltate (CoHCC) and nickel ferricyanide (NiHCF). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the NH3 adsorbed on the vacancy sites tended to desorb compared to the NH3 adsorbed on the interstitial sites as ammonium ions. Interestingly, the desorption/adsorption ratio exhibited the Irving-Williams order.

Synthesis of 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural from glucose catalyzed by porous tetra‐component metal oxides solid acid

AbstractThe production of 5‐ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) from cheap and abundant glucose feedstock has attracted a great deal of attention because of its potential applications. Herein, three porous tetra‐component metal oxide solid acid catalysts (SO42−/ZFSA‐A, SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐10, SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20) containing both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites have been successfully synthesized and can efficiently catalyze the synthesis of EMF from glucose. Particularly, the SO42−/ZFSA‐A, SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐10, and SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalysts were prepared under the template of sodium alginate, 10% F127, and 20% F127, respectively. The prepared catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2‐adsorption–desorption isotherm, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetry (TG), temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD), and pyridine infrared spectra (Py‐FTIR). The characterization results indicated that all three catalysts have a porous structure. The pore distribution of the SO42−/ZFSA‐A catalyst is mainly macroporous and mesoporous, while the SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐10 and SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalysts are mainly mesoporous. The SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic performance due to its large specific surface area, desirable mesoporous structure, high total acidity (especially strong and super strong acidity), and appropriate Lewis/Brønsted acid ratio. By applying SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20, the formation of EMF from glucose was successfully catalyzed and EMF was obtained at a yield of 34.56% after 12 h at 160°C. This yield is much higher compared with most other results achieved by solid acids catalysis. In addition, the reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, glucose amount, and catalyst dosage were shown to have a significant effect on the catalytic performance. Notably, the SO42−/ZFSA‐F‐20 catalyst exhibited good reusability, as its activity did not significantly diminish after four rounds of repeated experiments and was successfully reactivated after calcination.