Ammonia-water Solution Research Articles

化学メッキ浴の調整と管理 (その1)

Chemical Plating bath is different from electroplating bath, and unstable such as that nickel ion contained in the bath is deposited without catalizer under certain conditions, that pH and temperature of the bath affect quantity and quality of the deposit, that composition of the bath changes successively in the course of plating operation. The authors have been studying the control of the chemical plating bath, and the obtained data for controling the composition as well as variable factors of the chemical plating bath are herewith reported.Reducing reagent must be added to the chemical plating bath within about one hour before the plating operation, then, pH is adjusted with ammonia water or sulfuric acid solution. Variable factors of chemical plating bath are nickel ion and hypophosphite ion concentration, pH, impurities, etc. Moreover, the temperature at plating operation affects quantity and luster of the deposit.

酸化カドミウム触媒, その製法による活性度の相違について

Aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, ammonia water, or sodium hydroxide was added to the aqueous solution of cadmium nitrate (tetrahydrate) and cadmium carbonate or hydroxide so formed was submitted to pyrolysis. With the four kinds of cadmium oxide (CdO (I), (II), (III), (IV)) thereby obtained, bulk density, surface area, and reduction velocity with hydrogen were examined, and the oxide was used as a catalyst in the catalytic vapor-phase decomposition of isopropyl alcohol. It was thereby found that CdO (I), obtained by the pyrolysis of cadmium carbonate prepared with ammonium carbonate as the precipitation agent, had the largest surface area, was the most active in reduction with hydrogen, and dehydrogenation of the alcohol was the most efficient. On the other hand, CdO (IV), obtained by pyrolysis of cadmium hydroxide prepared with sodium hydroxide as the precipitation agent, had the smallest surface area, was consequently most inactive in reduction with hydrogen, and dehydrogenation ability of the alcohol was the smallest.

Consumption of Ammonium Nitrate as Fertilizer in the United States

A SMALL tonnage of nearly pure solid ammonium nitrate was introduced for use as a fertilizer in the United States during the last half of 1942. Its use was confined to a few states but became more general in 1943. Although this chemical was known to be satisfactory for such use for many years, its use in agriculture prior to 1942 was only in mixed fertilizers or compounded with other materials, such as imestone or ammonium sulfate. In the fertilizer trade ammonium nitrate was sold under the trade names: Nitrogen Solutions, Cal-Nitro, Nitro-Chalk, and Leunasalpeter. The compounded materials were imported chiefly from Germany and Norway. A relatively small amount came from England via Canada. Today, the more important of such products sold in the fertilizer trade are: conditioned ammonium nitrate; ammonia-water solutions containing varying proportions of ammonium nitrate, which is used almost entirely in the manufacture of mixed fertilizers; and mixtures of ammonium nitrate with ...

ANALYSIS OF THE DESULPHURIZING BATH.

As the desulphurizing bath of the raw viscose silk, natrium sulphide is usually employed, and the reaction products in this case are polysulphide, Na2S2O3, Na2SO4 and others. In this paper, the methods of analysis of the bath are related.1. Natrium mono-and polysulphide. a) Determine the consumption of the total iodine as well as the iodine corresponding to Na2S2O3 and Na2SO3. The difference of both values gives Na2S. b) Take the sample with ammonia water and natrium acetate solution, and titrate it by standard ZnSO4 solution containing ammonia water and ammonium chloride. The end point is determined by nickel sulphate paper. c) Take the sample with ammonia water and ammonium sulphate solution, and titrate it by standard AgNO3 solution containing ammonia water and ammonium sulphate. The end point is determined by cadmium sulphate paper. These three methods give nearly the same values for mono-and polysulphide.2. Natrium sulphite. Add barium chloride solution to the sample and filter, and determine the iodine consumption of the filtrate. The difference of the total iodine and this iodine consumption gives Na2SO3. Polysulphides and sulphite can not exist in one bath, and the practical desulphurizing bath does not contain the latter.3. Natrium thiosulphate. Add natrium chloride, natrium acetate and zinc sulphate to the sample and filter, and determine the iodine consumption of the filtrate, and calculate Na2S2O3.4. Natrium carbonate. Titrate the sample with normal acetic acid using phenolphthalein as indicator. Add barium chloride to the other sample, and determine its alkali as above. The double of the difference of the two values gives Na2CO3.5. Natrium sulphate. Add hydrochloric acid to the sample and evaporate to dryness, and on dissolving it in water, determine Na2SO4 by barium chloride.6. Total alkali and natrium hydroxyde. Add an excess of the normal sulphuric acid to the sample and boil, and titrate it back with the normal alkali solutlon, the result of which gives total alkali. The difference between total iodine consumption and carbonate alkali and total alkali is assumed to be NaOH.7. Total sulphur and polysulphides. Oxidize the sample with alkaline hypochlorite solution and determine the sulphur as barium sulphate. The difference between total sulphur and sulphur corresponding to sulphur compounds is the sulphur for polysulphide.One example of the desulphurizing bath used practically in this analysis is as follows : Na2S 19.07g/lNa2CO3 3.39g/l, Na2S2O3 32.39g/l, NaOH 3.36g/l, Na2SO4 9.55g/l, Total S 23.55g/l, Polysulphide S 7.01g/l,