Complex Ones Research Articles

Benchmarking Feature Selection Methods in Radiomics.

A critical problem in radiomic studies is the high dimensionality of the datasets, which stems from small sample sizes and many generic features extracted from the volume of interest. Therefore, feature selection methods are used, which aim to remove redundant as well as irrelevant features. Because there are many feature selection algorithms, it is key to understand their performance in the context of radiomics. A total of 29 feature selection algorithms and 10 classifiers were evaluated on 10 publicly available radiomic datasets. Feature selection methods were compared for training times, for the stability of the selected features, and for ranking, which measures the pairwise similarity of the methods. In addition, the predictive performance of the algorithms was measured by utilizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the best-performing classifier. Feature selections differed largely in training times as well as stability and similarity. No single method was able to outperform another one consistently in predictive performance. Our results indicated that simpler methods are more stable than complex ones and do not perform worse in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Analysis of variance, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and minimum redundancy, maximum relevance ensemble appear to be good choices for radiomic studies in terms of predictive performance, as they outperformed most other feature selection methods.

A versatile role of WO3 and MoO3 in electrical transport in phosphate glasses

Phosphate glasses containing transition metal oxides such as MoO3 and WO3 are well-known for their semiconducting nature with polaronic conduction mechanism. These glasses can also accommodate a relatively high amount of alkali and silver oxides which give rise to ionic conductivity. Such a large compositional and preparation variability enables tuning of the types and mechanisms of the electrical conduction and makes these materials attractive for application in modern electrochemical devices. In this contribution, we discuss various factors that influence electrical transport in these glasses, from simple binary WO3/MoO3-P2O5 systems to complex ones containing variable amounts of alkali/silver oxides. Interestingly, WO3 and MoO3 can have very different roles in the electrical conduction in these materials. While MoO3 contributes weakly via polaronic transport in phosphate glasses, it strongly increases the mobility of alkali/silver ions by forming the mixed phosphate-molybdate network. On the other hand, the role of WO3 depends on the glass composition; it can contribute either directly, by introducing significant polaronic conductivity, or indirectly, by facilitating the transport of alkali/silver ions. The former behaviour is related to the formation of clusters of tungsten units in the glass network which enable fast transport of polarons whereas the latter one originates from the facilitating effect of mixed phosphate-tungstate units on the dynamics of alkali ions.

Simple epidemic models with segmentation can be better than complex ones.

Given a sequence of epidemic events, can a single epidemic model capture its dynamics during the entire period? How should we divide the sequence into segments to better capture the dynamics? Throughout human history, infectious diseases (e.g., the Black Death and COVID-19) have been serious threats. Consequently, understanding and forecasting the evolving patterns of epidemic events are critical for prevention and decision making. To this end, epidemic models based on ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which effectively describe dynamic systems in many fields, have been employed. However, a single epidemic model is not enough to capture long-term dynamics of epidemic events especially when the dynamics heavily depend on external factors (e.g., lockdown and the capability to perform tests). In this work, we demonstrate that properly dividing the event sequence regarding COVID-19 (specifically, the numbers of active cases, recoveries, and deaths) into multiple segments and fitting a simple epidemic model to each segment leads to a better fit with fewer parameters than fitting a complex model to the entire sequence. Moreover, we propose a methodology for balancing the number of segments and the complexity of epidemic models, based on the Minimum Description Length principle. Our methodology is (a) Automatic: not requiring any user-defined parameters, (b) Model-agnostic: applicable to any ODE-based epidemic models, and (c) Effective: effectively describing and forecasting the spread of COVID-19 in 70 countries.

Reassessment of Thin-Layer Drying Models for Foods: A Critical Short Communication

Modeling the thin-layer drying of foods is based on describing the moisture ratio versus time data by using a suitable mathematical model or models. Several models were proposed for this purpose and almost all studies were related to the application of these models to the data, a comparison and selecting the best-fitted model. A careful inspection of the existing drying data in literature revealed that there are only a limited number of curves and, therefore, the use of some models, especially the complex ones and the ones that require a transformation of the data, should be avoided. These were listed based on evidence with the use of both synthetic and published drying data. Moreover, the use of some models were encouraged, again based on evidence. Eventually, some suggestions were given to the researchers who plan to use mathematical models for their drying studies. These will help to reduce the time of the analyses and will also avoid the arbitrary usage of the models.

Review - Working memory: State of the Science, a Review

Working memory (WM) is a cognitive system that enables the simultaneous manipulation and storage of information, allowing the accomplishment of everyday activities, from the simplest to the most complex ones. Given its relevance, WM has been a prolific topic of study in cognitive psychology and related sciences. Several researchers have developed models to explain how WM is organized, how it interacts with other cognitive systems, how it supports processing and maintenance functions, among diverse specificities. From the first theoretical framework proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974) until today, research has advanced quite substantially based on various data sources such as behavioral, cognitive, neuroimaging, and computer modeling studies. After twenty-two years since the publication of the book entitled “Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control”, edited by Miyake and Shah (1999), Logie, Camos, and Cowan invited proponents of competing WM models to answer a series of questions in their new book entitled ‘Working Memory: State of the Science’ aiming to provide a comprehensive and integrative account of the current scenario.

Мелиоративные системы: основы общей теории

Purpose: to develop the basics of the general theory of reclamation systems (OTMS). Methods: system approach, visual modeling. Results. The hierarchical rating of reclamation systems at the first level is represented by elements that are not connected with each other, at the second one, connections between the elements form simple technical or biotic reclamation systems. At the third level, simple systems are joined into complex ones, and at the fourth level, the complex systems are included into large reclamation supersystems, which are fastened by territories that play the role of mesoecotones at the regional level (watershed forests and other forests, meadows and pastures, state forest belts, etc.). These territories, due to their functional activity on their tectological boundaries, solve the ecological problems of land reclamation. Systems of different levels take their place in the basin landscape structure, held together by a natural hydrographic network. At the same time, simple reclamation systems (usually within the elementary catchments of gullies and streams) are combined into complex reclamation systems by the basins of the watercourses, i-th order and the complex ones – into large reclamation supersystems (in the basins of medium or large rivers). The properties common to all reclamation systems have been determined: synergy and functionality; emergence, reliability, maintainability; structure, hierarchy, organization; openness, closeness or combination; appropriate behavior, adaptability, controllability; isolation, unity, interactivity. Conclusions. The basics of OTMS determine the hierarchical rating of technical and (or) biotic reclamation systems, the elements (subsystems) of which interact with the environment and take their place in the basin structure of landscapes involved into the reclamation process on reclaimed lands and adjacent territories.

From initial treatment design to final disposal of chelating agents: a review of corrosion and degradation mechanisms.

The use of aminopolycarboxylic acids (APCAs) is increasing rapidly in several industries because of their unique properties of chelation and their effectiveness in high-temperature conditions. One of the major design considerations before their application is their thermal stability and their corrosivity to tubulars, especially the ones used in the oil and gas industry. Their disposal is also an active topic of discussion. The coordination bond formed between the chelator and metal ions is strong and thus can have long-lasting effects on the environment in terms of the metal's bioavailability. Therefore, its biodegradation and photodegradation must be considered. There is a lack of a single source of these major decision criteria for the selection of suitable APCAs and this paper provides an outlet for researchers and industry professionals to further their understanding of APCAs. Several types of APCAs including EDTA, DTPA, HEDTA, GLDA, NTA, MGDA, CDTA, HEIDA, EDDS, and ASDA were reviewed for their corrosion mechanisms and corrosion rates to the most common tubulars used in the oil and gas industry. In some cases, these chelating agents were implemented as corrosion inhibitors as well. The degradation of APCA was divided into three major categories: thermal-, bio-, and photo-degradation. The influence of temperature, microorganisms, and light play an important role during and post-treatment. To fully understand these degradation mechanisms, literature from several industries including medical, mining, toxicology, hydrometallurgy, materials, environmental sciences, mineral sciences, and electrochemical sciences was examined and elucidated. This paper provides a unique perspective of design considerations with the application of the frequently used APCAs. This review connects literature from several industries and can provide an important step-change in the overall understanding of APCAs from the initial design phase to their final disposal and treatment.

Identification of Structural Reliability Parameters in Distributed Telecommunication System

The article considers estimation of structural parameters for communication network. The article aims to calculate the key indicators of structural reliability. Proposed method consists of mathematical expectation estimation for number of connections and connectivity probability in different structured networks. The methodology is based on solution to the problem of network optimization structure for reliability view. Classification of equipment is proposed in terms of failure impact on quality management of network traffic. According to the accepted classification, reliability parameters are listed characterizing each of the classified equipment groups. Reliability parameters are divided into single and complex ones. The reliability and quality of the communication network functioning is assessed by the estimated values of these parameters. A probabilistic graph of network model and state diagram of communication lines for one hierarchical level were plotted. When plotting, it was assumed that switching nodes are absolutely reliable. The reliability of communication lines is expressed in terms of availability. The calculation of parameters was carried out on the assumption that communication line failures are statistically independent events. Reliability indicators are estimated, such as the probability of connectivity between each pair of telecommunication nodes and the absolute value of mathematical expectation for number of connections. For convenience, practical application of the proposed method, calculation results of the mathematical expectation of number of connections is expressed as a percentage. The article considers a mathematical model of the functioning of a separate communication line with the absolute reliability of the system for monitoring its technical condition. The mathematical model is presented in the form of a state diagram. It is assumed that the network monitoring system performs the functions of periodic and continuous monitoring. A method for calculating complex indicators of reliability, such as the availability factor and the downtime factor, is proposed. The calculation method is based on the matrix method for analyzing probabilistic systems. The calculation formulas include statistical data from the system for monitoring the technical condition of communication lines. Modelling is used to simulate the process of communication network functioning in experimental research. The process of communication network functioning is simulated. Depending on the incoming load, a search for free algorithmic resources and communication lines is performed. The calculation of the reliability indicators of the selected way of servicing calls is performed, taking into account the selection criterion set by the program. The monitor displays a dependency graph of the reliability indicators on the intensity of the incoming load. The calculation of the relative statistical frequency of the success of servicing requests is carried out, and the frequency of communication lines failure is also calculated. The program output is proposals for communication network reconstruction due to network resources redistribution.

Smart Devices Based Multisensory Approach for Complex Human Activity Recognition

Sensors based Human Activity Recognition (HAR) have numerous applications in eHeath, sports, fitness assessments, ambient assisted living (AAL), human-computer interaction and many more. The human physical activity can be monitored by using wearable sensors or external devices. The usage of external devices has disadvantages in terms of cost, hardware installation, storage, computational time and lighting conditions dependencies. Therefore, most of the researchers used smart devices like smart phones, smart bands and watches which contain various sensors like accelerometer, gyroscope, GPS etc., and adequate processing capabilities. For the task of recognition, human activities can be broadly categorized as basic and complex human activities. Recognition of complex activities have received very less attention of researchers due to difficulty of problem by using either smart phones or smart watches. Other reasons include lack of sensor-based labeled dataset having several complex human daily life activities. Some of the researchers have worked on the smart phone’s inertial sensors to perform human activity recognition, whereas a few of them used both pocket and wrist positions. In this research, we have proposed a novel framework which is capable to recognize both basic and complex human activities using built-in-sensors of smart phone and smart watch. We have considered 25 physical activities, including 20 complex ones, using smart device’s built-in sensors. To the best of our knowledge, the existing literature consider only up to 15 activities of daily life.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗМІРНОГО МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ТА АНАЛІЗУ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ

Dimensional modeling and analysis (DMA) of TP is one of the stages of designing technological processes (TP), which is important for their rapid introduction into production and ensuring the necessary level of accuracy parameters of parts. The task of reducing the terms of DMA TP is urgent due to the need to reduce the terms of technological preparation of production, the time and resources spent on the implementation of TP. Solving such a problem requires the creation of appropriate programs that would ensure the automation of DMA TP procedures and reduce the requirements for user qualifications. At the same time, the level of existing programs or individual modules for dimensional modeling and analysis of technological processes isinsufficient, requires significant amounts of preparatory work and does not provide an acceptable level of time reduction and requires high qualification of users. This indicates the need for further development of programs, in particular in the direction of automation of procedures.Creation of algorithms and development of a program, based on them, for the automated execution of the main procedures of dimensional modeling of TP, including the most time-consuming and complex ones, such as the formation and calculation of operational dimensional chains, and increasing, due to its use, the productivity of DMA TP, while reducing the level of qualification requirements for users, in comparison with existing programs and "manual" methods.The program implements more than 10 different algorithms that are based on and use ideas and theoretical propositions that provide formalization and programmatic implementation of the main procedures of DMA TP. The main new ideas, thanks to which the program solves the problem of automating the formation and calculation of dimensional chains, in particular, are a system for coding the sizes and surfaces of parts and workpieces, which provides identification of the types of dimensions and links of operational dimensional chains, and is also used for the formation and control of dimensional chains; calculation of basing errors using dimensional chains and taking into account the mutual compensation of errors of technological dimensions, which are used for the creation and software implementation of the algorithm for estimating the predictive accuracy of technological and design dimensions; presentation of the structure of dimensional relationships of TP with the help of matrices, which ensures the automated formation of operational dimensional chains; as well as a number of other tasks necessary for the implementation of the general algorithm of DMA TP.Algorithms and the "RMA TP" program were developed for their implementation based on the formalization of the main procedures of DMA TP, which ensures: 1) automated execution of the most complex and time-consuming dimensional modeling procedures with the provision of information on ensuring the TP of the specified accuracy of design dimensions, as well as the calculated values of dimensional parameters of design, technological dimensions and allowances; 2) a significant reduction in time spent on dimensional modeling and analysis of technological processes, which, in combination with a convenient user interface, paves the way for widespread use of DMA TP in the design and implementation of technological processes in production. Using the program allows you to reduce the time spent on dimensional modeling and analysis of technological processes by 8-10 times, compared to "manual" methods, while reducing the level of qualification requirements for users. This opens up new opportunities for wide use of DMA TP in production, and therefore for improving the quality of developed TP and shortening the terms of technological preparation of production. The program can be used as an independent module, as well as a CAD element of technological processes.The article is a publication of scientific and methodical character.

UML Templates Distilled

UML templates are possibly the most neglected and misused piece of knowledge in UML modelling. This subject has been disregarded in the research and practice literature and even by modelling tools providers. This paper suggests that such oblivion results from a general misunderstanding that UML templates are just graphical representations of genericity like it is found in programming languages, and from the insufficient support from the modelling tools, with a consequence of poor usage of UML templates in practice. Indeed, the capabilities and potential of UML templates are far-reaching. Increasing awareness around them could bring significant benefits for UML users, namely, higher-level abstraction and reuse. Therefore, this paper provides a distilling tutorial on UML templates to highlight their flexibility and advantages. That presentation follows a tutorial style and is supported by several illustrative examples, varying from simpler to more complex ones. This tutorial reviews the Template construct’s core concepts and terminology, presents constraining classifiers and shows how to define properties and operations as template parameters. Then, it presents and discusses advanced aspects such as operation templates, parameter defaults, the relationship between binding and generalization, and the specific semantics of package templates. Furthermore, the paper discusses the related work and uncovers some of the UML templates’ limitations and opportunities for improvement.

Типологія криз неекономічного походження в контексті превентивної антикризової політики для України

The study is aimed at elaborating a typology of crises of non-economic origin, which will allow to allocate their characteristic features in terms of goals, main tasks, and groups of measures for preventive anti-crisis policy for Ukraine regarding the early post-war post-pandemic period along with long-term perspective. The article analyzes and summarizes the scientific achievements and developments of international organizations on the classification of crises in the development of socioeconomic systems. The diversity, repeatability and ambiguity of classification signs are displayed, but the utmost attention of scientists is focused on the classification of financial crises. Crises of non-economic origin in the scientific literature are considered without their connection with the socioeconomic development and anti-crisis policy of countries. Therefore, the authors of the article have developed a typology of crises of non-economic origin, which is directed towards identifying those signs of crisis that are most significant for the implementation and possibility of implementing preventative measures of a preventive anti-crisis policy. Its difference is the inclusion of a new classification sign of the layering of consequences, which allows to distinguish primary and secondary crises with common consequences (complex ones) from those in which the consequences undergo distortions and changes in the process of unfolding the crisis (superpositional ones). Similar in content classification signs that are used in the scientific literature (structural scale of coverage; object; nature of imbalances in the development of the economy, etc.) are summarized into one sign – the scale of the consequences. Together with a qualitative description of each type of crisis, the directions for developing such a policy are determined for each of the signs. The classification of crises, either of biological origin or caused by warfare, in Ukraine during 2020-2022 was carried out in accordance with the defined signs. The main differences between systemic crises of biological origin or systemic crises caused by warfare are determined from the point of view of economic policy.

A verbális művészet ősi műfajai : Egyszerű formák és ösztönös megnyilvánulások

According to fundamental scientific principles, simple forms develop into complex ones, with the rare exception of regression. In metaphysics, however, evolution and involution are seen as being in unity, with complex forms developing into simple ones. At any rate (as far as we can see into the past), we might presume basic elementary, primary, simple, artistic, and linguistic typological forms that can be linked with basic cognitive forms. According to art theory, in the beginning there was ancient syncretism, which was dominated by undivided liquid ancient forms. Psychoanalysts and myth researchers speak of ancient language, ancient picture language. Folklorists list blessings, curses, and oaths, as well as work songs, among the primary genres. I present three basic genres as an example: cradle songs, dance words and laments. Their common characteristics are sung lyrics and speech-like melodies (parlando). Further instinctive behaviours that receive little attention include: outbursts, impulsive shouting, cursing, mumbling, sighing, pleading, and prayer, as well as sexual intercourse, giving birth, euphoric speech (under the influence of alcohol or narcotics), aphasia, and speech degraded by old age. Instinctiveness is clearly reflected by rhythmic counting or scribbling.

QUOTIDIANO FAMILIAL DIANTE DO ADOECIMENTO POR COVID-19: À LUZ DA SOCIOLOGIA COMPREENSIVA DE MICHEL MAFFESOLI

ABSTRACT Objective to understand the changes that occurred in family daily life faced with illness and/or death of a family member by Covid-19. Method exploratory, analytical, qualitative study, rooted in The Comprehensive Sociology and Daily Life of Michel Maffesoli. Data were collected between September and October 2021 in the municipalities of Maringá, Colorado, Mandaguaçu and Floriano district. Participants were 19 families with at least one family member who became ill and/or died by Covid-19. The sampling was by the non-probabilistic Snowball technique. The in-depth technique was used to explore the daily lives of families. The content of the speeches was organized through thematic analysis. The interpretative synthesis was constructed and discussed from the theoretical framework. Results a category called "Familial daily life after illness and/or loss by Covid-19", emerged from the convergence between the reference which was divided into two subcategories: "Changes in daily life and family functioning" and "Changes after the loss of a loved one". Thus, in the analysis, it was found that the changes in family daily life were permeated by obstacles that were caused by financial and physical limitations or the absence of the element (key person) that once gave solidity to the family unit. Conclusion the daily life of families was profoundly modified, changes negatively affected socio-family relationships, from the most banal aspects of daily life to the more complex ones. This study contributes to the nursing practice and its understanding of an effective practice and supports the development of programs for the surviving families of Covid-19.

Wavelike perturbations in Titan’s ionosphere and their compositional variation: A preliminary survey of Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer measurements

Wavelike perturbations in the ionosphere of Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, are explored based on the Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) measurements. Strong wavelike perturbations are identified for more than twenty ion species, from simple ones such as N⁺ and CH₄⁺ to complex ones such as C₂H₃CNH⁺ and C₄H₇⁺. Simultaneous wavelike perturbations in background N₂, indicative of atmospheric gravity waves, are also observed, motivating us to speculate that the INMS-derived ion perturbations are wave-driven. The amplitudes of the ion perturbations are found to be larger than that of the N₂ perturbations. Clear compositional variation is revealed by the data: heavier ion species exhibit greater amplitudes. Such observations might be understood based on considerations either of force balance or chemical loss in Titan’s ionosphere.

Integration of Small Productive Processes Into an Energy Management System for Microgrids

Small productive processes (SPPs) have recently emerged as attractive alternatives to contribute to the socio-economic development of communities, primarily in rural contexts. However, SPPs have a complicated electrical behavior involving the interaction between various types of loads, such as, conventional, and complex ones. Further, the SPPs generally include voltage-dependent loads, which may increase/decrease the load consumption. Thus, these characteristics make the integration of the SPPs into energy management systems (EMSs) for microgrids (MGs) a challenging task. This work proposes a novel integration of the SPPs into an EMS considering the SPPs’ voltage sensitivity and complexity. For this purpose, we extended a previously proposed multi-zone ZIP load model (EMZ-ZIP) to be integrated into a convex AC multi-nodal EMS approach. The latter was formulated based on invertible nonlinear convex transformations and a binomial approximation method. The associated framework was assessed using a modified 9-bus test system with the characteristics of a low-voltage isolated MG with the integration of an SPP. The results demonstrate that the MG operation exhibits better technical and economic performance when the EMZ-ZIP model is an integral part of the EMS. In addition to an operating cost reduction of approximately 5% when considering voltage dependency, relevant practical advantage in scenarios of work shift and solar radiation variability are also presented. These results were compared with those obtained using other approaches like the time-variant ZIP and the constant power model.

Complexity and riskiness of banking organizations: Evidence from the International Banking Research Network

Complexity of banks can have important ramifications for the performance and the risks of the banking system. Financial sector reforms that were implemented in the past decade have thus aimed to reduce and to better manage the risk implications of bank complexity. Yet, surprisingly little is known about changes in complexity across countries, its drivers, and its effects. The International Banking Research Network (IBRN) used data and analytical advances to generate rich cross-country insights on the complexity and riskiness of banking organizations. The initiative has four key findings. First, the largest banks in countries tend to be the more complex ones. Yet, even controlling for size, there is substantial diversity across banking organizations in terms of complexity choices. Second, over the past decade, banking organizations have tended to reduce complexity by limiting the number of affiliates in both domestic and foreign locations. Generally, however, complexity patterns are fairly persistent. Third, regulatory changes can alter both banking organization complexity and the associated risk profiles. Fourth, the link between complexity and risks involves trade-offs: diversification benefits and reductions in liquidity risk may weigh against agency problems, monitoring costs, and systemic risk contributions arising from higher complexity.

Enhanced Aquila optimizer algorithm for global optimization and constrained engineering problems.

The Aquila optimizer (AO) is a recently developed swarm algorithm that simulates the hunting behavior of Aquila birds. In complex optimization problems, an AO may have slow convergence or fall in sub-optimal regions, especially in high complex ones. This paper tries to overcome these problems by using three different strategies: restart strategy, opposition-based learning and chaotic local search. The developed algorithm named as mAO was tested using 29 CEC 2017 functions and five different engineering constrained problems. The results prove the superiority and efficiency of mAO in solving many optimization issues.

Multiphase flow applications of nonintrusive reduced-order models with Gaussian process emulation

Abstract Reduced-order models (ROMs) are computationally inexpensive simplifications of high-fidelity complex ones. Such models can be found in computational fluid dynamics where they can be used to predict the characteristics of multiphase flows. In previous work, we presented a ROM analysis framework that coupled compression techniques, such as autoencoders, with Gaussian process regression in the latent space. This pairing has significant advantages over the standard encoding–decoding routine, such as the ability to interpolate or extrapolate in the initial conditions’ space, which can provide predictions even when simulation data are not available. In this work, we focus on this major advantage and show its effectiveness by performing the pipeline on three multiphase flow applications. We also extend the methodology by using deep Gaussian processes as the interpolation algorithm and compare the performance of our two variations, as well as another variation from the literature that uses long short-term memory networks, for the interpolation.

Lexical and grammatical transformations from the Chinese language perspective: universal approach

The paper describes different approaches to lexical and grammatical transformations in modern translation studies. It sheds new light on traditional approaching Chinese translation studies. Using experience of teaching students studying the French and the German languages the authors provide several reasons for proposing the Russian traditional classifications of lexical and grammatical transformations into courses of translation from Chinese practical. According to this approach, there are such types of transformations as lexical and grammatical, as well as complex (or mixed) ones. Such consistent and universal perspective is aimed to help students to understand grammatical and lexical asymmetry of the source and the target languages and it can be of great use in writing research papers.