Aminophosphonic Derivatives Research Articles

Cyclopalladation and Reactivity of Amino Esters through CH Bond Activation: Experimental, Kinetic, and Density Functional Theory Mechanistic Studies

The orthopalladation, through C-H bond activation, of a large number of amino esters and amino phosphonates derived from phenylglycine, and having different substituents at the aryl ring and the C-α atom, as well as on the N-amine atom, has been studied. The experimental observations indicated an improvement in the yields of the orthopalladated compounds when the N-amine and/or the C-α atom are substituted, when compared with the unsubstituted methyl phenylglycinate derivatives. In contrast, substitutions at the aryl ring do not promote significant changes in the orthometalation results. Furthermore, the use of hydrochloride salts of the amino esters has also been shown to have a remarkably favorable effect on the process. All these observations have been fully quantified at different temperatures and pressures by a detailed kinetic study in solution in different solvents and in the presence and absence of added Brønsted acids and chloride anions. The data collected indicate relevant changes in the process depending on these conditions, as expected from the general background known for cyclopalladation reactions. An electronic mechanism of the orthopalladation has been proposed based on DFT calculations at the B3LYP level, and a very good agreement between the trends kinetically measured and the theoretically calculated activation barriers has been obtained. The reactivity of the new orthopalladated amino phosphonate derivatives has been tested and it was found that their halogenation, alkoxylation and carbonylation resulted in formation of the corresponding functionalized ortho-haloaminophosphonates, ortho-alkoxyaminophosphonates and oxoisoindolinylphosphonates.

Phytotoxicity of New Furan-derived Aminophosphonic Acids, N-Aryl Furaldimines and 5-Nitrofuraldimine

The aim of this work was to synthesize selected furaldimines and their aminophosphonic derivatives and evaluation the phytotoxicity of new obtained products according to OECD 208 Guideline. Four Schiff bases, N-furfurylidene-p-anisidine (1a), N-furfurylidene-p-toluidine (1b), N-furfurylidene-benzhydrylamine (1c), and N-(2-nitrofurfurylidene)-p-toluidine (1d) were synthesized and three new furan-derived N-substituted aminomethylphosphonic acids, namely: 2-furyl N-(p-methoxyphenyl)-aminomethylphosphonic acid (2a), 2-furyl N-(p-methylphenyl)-aminomethylphosphonic acid (2b) and 2-furyl N-(diphenylmethyl)-aminomethylphosphonic acid (2c) were synthesized by the addition of in situ generated bis-(trimethylsilyl) phosphite to azomethine bond of corresponding Schiff bases 1a-c. Three Schiff bases 1a-b and 1d as well as all three aminophosphonic acids 2a-c were analyzed in regard with their phytotoxicity toward two plants, radish (Raphanus sativus) and oat (Avena sativa). It has been found that tested N-furfurylidene-p-anisidine (1a), N-(2-nitrofurfurylidene)-p-toluidine (1d) and aminophosphonic acids 2a-c are toxic for selected plants. N-furfurylidene-p-toluidine (1b) did not show any ecotoxicological impact in used plant growth test.

Preparation of New α‐Aminophosphonate Derivatives by Kabachnik‐Fields Reaction Using a Recyclable Catalyst

A convenient and efficient synthetic method for the preparation of some new α‐aminophosphonate derivatives via a one‐pot three‐component system has been achieved using Amberlite IRC‐748 as a recyclable catalyst. This method not only provides an excellent complement for the synthesis of α‐aminophosphonates but also avoids the use of hazardous acids or expensive/toxic Lewis acids and harsh reaction conditions. Most of the synthesized compounds (4a–o) exhibited activity against bacteria/fungi strains and moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity.

Synthesis and acid-base properties of aminophosphine oxides on the basis of natural amino acids

In recent years aminophosphonate derivatives of the natural amino acids attracted a considerable interest because of their pronounced physiological activity and specific complexing properties [1, 2]. However, the phosphine oxide derivatives of amino acids, which can show high efficiency in liquid and membrane extraction processes [3], were not described up to day. Using the Kabachnik–Fields reaction [1] in a dioctylphosphine–formaldehyde–amino acid threecomponent system, we synthesized a series of αaminomethylphosphine oxides containing structural fragments of glycine (I), β-alanine (II), and its N-butyl derivative (III) of the general formula Oct2P(O)· CH2NR(CH2)nC(O)OH, R = Oct2P(O)CH2, n = 1 (I); R = Oct2P(O)CH2, n = 2 (II); R = C4H9, n = 2 (III).

Synthesis and NMR Characterization of Two Novel Anthracene-Derived BIS-Aminophosphonates. Basic Hydrolysis of Some Aminophosphonate Derivatives

The synthesis of two novel bis-aminophosphonates bearing anthracene rings – bis[N- methyl(diethoxyphosphonyl)-1-(9-anthryl)]benzidine (3) and 4,4′-bis[N-methyl(diethoxy-phosphonyl)-1-(9-anthryl)]diaminodiphenylmethane (4) – via the Kabachnik–Fields reaction is reported. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, TLC, IR, NMR (1H, 13C, 31P) and fluorescent spectra. The reaction leads to a mixture of the two possible forms (meso and racemic), with predominant formation of one of the diastereomers. The recrystallized compounds 3 and 4 consist of only one diastereomer. A racemization at the chiral centers and a cleavage of the C-P bond are observed in the alkaline hydrolysis of the new compound 4 and three previously described aminophosphonate derivatives 5–7. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.

N–H···O=P hydrogen-bonded dimers as the main structural motif of aminophosphonate diesters

Crystal and molecular structures of three aminophosphonate diesters, diethyl and dibutyl [α-(quinolin-3-ylamino)-N-benzyl]phosphonates (1 and 2) and dibutyl [α-anilino-(quinolin-3-yl)methyl]phosphonate (3) were reported and comparatively discussed. Characteristic structural features for these compounds are strong N–H···O=P hydrogen bonds that connect two organophosphorus molecules in cyclic centrosymmetric dimer. Phosphoryl oxygen forms additional interaction with a C–H donor from the nearby aromatic group. Dimer formation in solution was also confirmed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Mass spectra of six structurally similar aminophosphonate derivatives, 1–3 along with diethyl [α-anilino-(quinolin-3-yl)methyl]phosphonate (4), diethyl and dibutyl [α-anilino-(quinolin-2-yl)methyl]phosphonates (5 and 6) were studied and dimolecular ions [2M + Na]+ and [2M + H]+ were observed. Crystal structure determination of three quinolinylaminophosphonates identified the N–H···O=P hydrogen-bonded dimers as the main structural motif of aminophosphonate diesters. Dimeric species assigned as [2M + Na]+ and [2M + H]+ were also observed in solution using (+)ESI MS.

Synthesis, spectroscopy and magnetic properties of transition-metal complexes with aminophosphonate derivatives of pyridine

The compounds of general formula [ML2](ClO4)2 [M = Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II)]; L = diethyl 3-pyridylmethyl[N-(butyl)amino]phosphonate (3-pmape) or diethyl 4-pyridylmethyl[N-(butyl)amino]phosphonate (4-pmape) were prepared. The new complexes were identified and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, electronic spectral studies and magnetic measurements. The complexes are sixcoordinate. Metal ions are octahedrally surrounded by two pyridine and two amine nitrogens, and two oxygens of the phosphoryl groups. The results of the magnetic studies suggest polymeric chain structure of the above complexes and indicate weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the magnetic centers. The magnetic behavior of Co(II) complexes is characteristic for cobalt(II) system with an important orbital contribution via spin-orbit coupling.

4 + 2] Cycloadditions of 1-Phosphono-1,3-butadienes with Nitroso Heterodienophiles: A Versatile Synthetic Route for Polyfunctionalized Aminophosphonic Derivatives

The hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA) reaction of 1-(diethoxyphosphonyl)-1,3-butadiene, 1-(dibenzyloxyphosphonyl)-1,3-butadiene, and 1-(diethoxyphosphonyl)-3-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene with various nitroso heterodienophiles has been investigated as a new synthetic route for aminophosphonic derivatives. The HDA cycloadditions regioselectively led to the proximal isomers, i.e., presenting the NR(3) group in the meta position regarding the phosphonate substituent. From the resulting 6-phosphono-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazine cycloadducts, a limited number of chemical steps were allowed to obtain a significant variety of aminophosphonic compounds of potential interest in medicinal chemistry. This has been illustrated through the synthesis of (Z)-4-(o-tolylamino)-1-hydroxybut-2-enylphosphonic acid, diethyl 3,4-dihydroxy-1-o-tolylpyrrolidin-2-yl-2-phosphonate, 4-(o-tolylamino)-1,2,3-trihydroxybutylphosphonic acid, diethyl 3-(2-(o-tolylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl)oxiran-2-yl-2-phosphonate, and diethyl 4,5-dihydroxymorpholin-6-yl-6-phosphonate.

Irreversible Inhibition of Serine Proteases – Design and In Vivo Activity of Diaryl α-Aminophosphonate Derivatives

Diaryl esters of alpha-aminophosphonates are a group of low molecular weight inhibitors of serine proteases. For over 30 years these molecules have captured the attention of biochemists and medicinal chemists due to their similarity to the transition state of peptide bond cleavage observed in enzymatic reactions (transition state analogs) as well as their high potency of action. High reactivity toward serine proteases and complete lack of activity against cysteine or threonine proteases give alpha-aminophosphonates great advantage over other classes of inhibitors such as chloromethyl ketones or peptidyl derivatives of ketoesters and ketoamides, which are known to react with serine and cysteine proteases. Moreover, the selectivity of alpha-aminophosphonates' action can be easily adjusted - even for serine proteases with similar specificity a small modification in the inhibitor structure could lead to absolute selectivity towards a particular enzyme. Furthermore alpha-aminophosphonate derivatives are successfully used as the activity based probes (ABP) for serine protease-like activity screening and as covalently reactive antigens for the development of catalytic antibodies (CAbs). The design of alpha-aminophosphonate diaryl ester inhibitors focuses on enzymes involved in the development and progression of pathophysiological states in living organisms. Examples include cancer growth and metastasis (urokinase-type plasminogen activator, uPA), diabetes or transplant rejection (dipeptidyl peptidase IV, DPPIV), osteoarthritis and lung injury (elastase) or heart failure (mast cell chymase). This review article focuses on the design of new alpha-aminophosphonic inhibitors as well as on in vivo studies performed previously using this class of inhibitors and includes recently published research data.

Diastereoselective Synthesis of Enantiopure α-Aminophosphonic Acid Derivatives: Pudovik Reaction in Stereoselective Synthesis (Dedicated to A. N. Pudovik, 1916–2006)

In this report, we present the application of Pudovik reaction in the synthesis of chiral organophosphorus compounds and shown this reaction to be a promising way to enantiopure aminophosphonic acid derivatives. Cyclization reactions are a new, most efficient strategy for stereoselective synthesis of α-aminophosphonates, namely an intramolecular type of interaction of the P(III) atom and an imino group.

A Novel Strategy Towards Aminophosphonic Derivatives Based on the Diels—Alder Cycloaddition — Experimental and Theoretical Approaches

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

Dual Stereochemical Control in Reaction of Di- and Trialkyl Phosphites with Aldimines

Stereochemistry of addition of di- and trialkyl phosphites to C=N compounds was investigated. Reactions of achiral dialkyl phosphites with chiral aldimines as well as that of chiral di-(1R,2S,5R)-menthyl phosphite with achiral aldimines result in low diastereomeric enrichment of the addition compound. Reaction stereoselectivity increased when supplementary chiral inductor was introduced to the reaction system. Reaction of di-(1R,2S, 5R)-menthyl phosphite with (S)-α-methylbenzylbenzaldimine proceeds as concerted asymmetric induction to form practically one diastereomer of N-substituted aminophosphonic acid. However, reaction of di-(1R,2S, 5R)-menthyl phosphite with (R)-α-methylbenzylbenzaldimine proceeded as not concerted asymmetric induction, and diastereomeric enrichment of the product was low. By chemical extrapolation, absolute configuration of compounds formed was established. Tri-(1R,2S,5R)-menthyl phosphite reacts with C=N compounds in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate to form aminophosphonic acid derivatives with the absolute configuration opposite to that appearing in the reaction of di-(1R,2S,5R)-menthyl phosphite with the same C=N compounds.

A Novel Strategy Towards Aminophosphonic Derivatives Based on the Diels-Alder Cycloaddition: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches

this review focuses on the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of beta-, gamma-, and delta-aminophosphonic derivatives by combining dienophiles and dienes substituted by phosphono- and amino-groups. The initially formed cyclohexene adducts have been further transformed: chemoselective deprotections of masked P, C, and N functions, double bond oxidation and cleavage. Our Diels-Alder strategy has been successfully applied in asymmetric synthesis thanks to the development of a novel chiral 1-aminodiene designed by computational chemistry. The influence of a phosphonate substituent on reactivity in [4+2] cycloadditions has been theoretically studied.

Synthesis of Novel Aminophosphonic Derivatives of Benzo‐15‐crown‐5 Ether.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

An Efficient Synthesis of α‐Aryl β‐(N‐Tosyl)amino Phosphonate Derivatives from α‐Diazophosphonate.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

An efficient synthesis of α-aryl β-( N-tosyl)amino phosphonate derivatives from α-diazophosphonate

The α-diazophosphonate was added to aryl ( N-tosyl)imine to give β-aryl β-( N-tosyl)amino α-diazophosphonates, which were further subjected to TsOH-catalyzed diazo decomposition to yield α-aryl β-( N-tosyl)enaminophosphonates through 1,2 aryl migration. The α-aryl β-( N-tosyl)enamino phosphonates were hydrogenated to give α-aryl β-( N-tosyl)amino phosphonates.

Application of Silicon—Phosphorus Based Reagents in Synthesis of Aminophosphonates. Part 2. Reactions of N‐(Triphenylmethyl)‐aldimines with the Silylated Phosphorus Acid Esters.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

The rational design, synthesis and demonstration of the recognition and binding of a diaza-dioxa-12-crown-4 diphosphonate macrocycle to all crystal growth faces of barium sulfate

Computer-aided molecular design and virtual screening of a series of amino phosphonic acid derivatives were used to probe the probable interaction of these compounds as potential crystal growth inhibitors of barium sulfate, as judged by their ability to bind efficiently to all of the possible growing faces. As a result, a diphosphonic acid derivative of a 1,7-dioxa-4,10-diaza-12-crown-4 system 5 was proposed as a potential inhibitor of barium sulfate crystallisation. A subsequent synthesis of this macrocycle was developed, together with other larger-ring oxa-aza crown derivatives. Macrocycle 5 proved to be a highly efficient inhibitor of barium sulfate crystal growth at a level of 0.096 mM, as evidenced by the changes brought about in crystal morphology. Work was therefore undertaken to probe the mechanism of action of 5 using adsorption isotherms, mixed flow reactor and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. It was possible to show that 5 inhibits effectively in solution by covering the growing surfaces, as observed on the 001 surface, effectively inhibiting two-dimensional nucleation as well as monolayer-step growth.

Low-molecular-weight chiral cation exchangers: novel chiral stationary phases and their application for enantioseparation of chiral bases by nonaqueous capillary electrochromatography.

Cation exchange type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on 3,5-dichlorobenzoyl amino acid and amino phosphonic acid derivatives as chiral selectors (SOs) and silica as chromatographic support were developed and applied to enantiomer separations of chiral bases by nonaqueous capillary electrochromatography (NA-CEC). As a rationale for efficient CSP development we adopted the combined use of the "reciprocity principle of chiral recognition" and nonaqueous ion-pair CE as screening assay. Thus, (S)-atenolol was employed as chiral counter-ion added to the BGE in CE and a series of N-derivatized amino acids and amino phosphonic acids were screened to derive reciprocally information on their chiral recognition abilities for atenolol enantiomers. Two SO candidates, namely N-(3,5-dichlorobenzoyl)-O-allyl-tyrosine and N-(4-allyloxy-3,5-dichlorobenzoyl)-1-amino-3-methylbutane phosphonic acid that have been identified as potential SOs in the CE screening were, after immobilization on thiol-modified silica, evaluated in cation-exchange NA-CEC. The strong chiral cation exchanger with the free phosphonic acid group exhibited enhanced enantioselectivity compared to the weak chiral cation exchanger with the carboxylic acid group. A wide variety of chiral bases could be successfully resolved on the strong chiral cation exchanger with alpha-values up to 2.2 and efficiencies up to 375000 m-1 including beta-blockers and other amino alcohols, local anesthetics like etidocaine, antimalarial agents like mefloquine, Tröger's base, phenothiazines like promethazine, and antihistaminics. The influence of several experimental parameters (electrolyte concentration, acid-base ratio and acetonitrile-methanol ratio) was evaluated.

Coordination abilities of amino-phosphonate derivatives of pyridine

Potentiometric and spectroscopic methods were used to evaluate the binding ability of the series of amino-phosphonates containing pyridine as a side-chain. The involvement of pyridine nitrogen in the Cu(II) binding results in very effective chelation of the metal ion. The binding ability of some pyridine-containing ligands is comparable to powerful imidazole amino-phosphonates.