Amino-terminated Hyperbranched Polymer Research Articles

Amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer for toughness improvement of epoxy/clay nanocomposites

Amino-terminated hyperbranched poly(ester-amine) (HP) was prepared and used as a toughening agent for epoxy resin in presence of Montmorillonite organoclay (OMMT) as a reinforcing filler. Several parameters which affect the physico-mechanical properties of epoxy/clay nanocomposites were studied including HP content, clay concentration, and intercalation/exfoliation and degree of dispersion of OMMT clay within the epoxy matrix. The results showed a significant improvement in toughness, physico-mechanical properties and enhancement in thermal stability of epoxy/clay nanocomposites upon using HP (20 wt%) as a toughening agent at low OMMT clay loading (1 wt%). These promising results could open the way for epoxy resins to be used in more high-impact resistance applications.

Synthesis and characterization of amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer and its effect on impact resistance of epoxy resin thermosets

Amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) was synthesized from diethylenetriamine (DETA) and methyl acrylate (MA) by melt polycondensation through AB3 and AB2 route, and its chemical structure was characterized by attenuated total internal reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. Then, the influence of HBP-NH2 content on the toughness improvement and fractural surface morphology of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured systems was investigated through impact resistance test and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The results indicated that HBP-NH2 can enhance the toughness of epoxy cured system near 61 % than the neat DGEBA cured thermosets. FESEM images show that the toughness enhancement of epoxy system should be based on shearing deformation mechanism (the thermosets modified with low content of HBP-NH2) and the second phase toughening mechanism (the thermosets modified with high content of HBP-NH2).

Hyperbranched polymer functional cotton fabric for its in situ deposition of silver nanoparticles

This paper describes a strategy of fabricating silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) finished cotton fabric through in situ synthesis method. In order to endow the cotton fabric with the capability of in situ synthesis of Ag NPs without any other reagents, an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) was employed to functionalize the cotton fabric. To this end, cotton fabric was oxidized to generate aldehyde groups and then HBP-NH2 was grafted on the oxidized cotton fabric based on the reaction between amino groups and aldehyde groups. Due to numerous imino and amino groups in the polymer and its special three-dimensional structure, the functional cotton fabric could take initiative to capture and reduce silver ions, control the formation of Ag NPs and fix them on the cotton fabric. The sizes of Ag NPs in situ synthesized on cotton fibers range from 4 to 10 nm. The prepared Ag NPs finished cotton fabric has excellent laundering durability.

Hyperbranched polymer functional TiO2 nanoparticles: Synthesis and its application for the anti-UV finishing of silk fabric

This paper describes a strategy of fabricating anti-UV silk fabric by TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) via impregnation method. In order to assemble the TiO2 NPs on the silk fibers, an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer modified TiO2 (HBP-TiO2) NPs was synthesized based on sol-hydrothermal technique. Due to the protonation of numerous amino groups on the HBP-TiO2 NPs, they exhibit high positive zeta potential. Therefore, the HBP-TiO2 NPs can take initiative to adsorb and fix on the silk fibers. The prepared HBP-TiO2 NPs and treated silk fabric were characterized. The results indicated that the HBP-TiO2 NPs have single anatase crystalline structure with an average diameter of 14.9 nm. The HBP-TiO2 NPs are fixed and well dispersed on silk fibers. The treated silk fabrics exhibit excellent anti-UV property.

Preparation of a Novel Adsorbent and Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption

The article focuses on the preparation of a novel adsorbent by grafting amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer to cotton fibers and the adsorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The prepared novel adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results show that the amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer was grafted to the oxidized cotton fibers, and the adsorbent with amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer was successfully obtained. The grooves on the surface of the grafted cotton fiber were filled with amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer. The adsorption experiments show that the adsorption amount of Cu2+ and Pb2+ was up to 16.1 mg/g and 13.4 mg/g with the metal ion concentration of 319.5 ppm and 315.9 ppm, respectively. When the dosage of adsorbent was 1.5 g in 100 mL metal ion solution, the adsorption rate of Cu2+ and Pb2+ reached 73.5 wt. % and 71.2 wt.%, respectively. The use of the adsorbent for the removal of metal ions is considered to be efficient and have great potential for practical applications.

Salt-free dyeing of ramie fabric with an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer

A new amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (at-HBP) was synthesized, and its salt-free dyeing property on ramie fabric was studied. The structure and molecular weight of at-HBP were established by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, H nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. The untreated ramie fabric and modified ramie fabrics were characterized by an X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron micrograph (FE-SEM). XRD results showed a transformation of the crystalline structure from ramie cellulose I to cellulose II allomorph during mercerization and epichlorohydrin modification, and the crystalline structure of cellulose II was maintained with an obvious crystallinity index increase after at-HBP modification. FE-SEM results confirmed that at-HBP was successfully grafted onto the fabric surface. Dyed with reactive dye C.I. reactive Blue 4, the color strength of the at-HBP-modified fabric was enhanced, even when dyeing was carried out without the electrolyte. The washing and rubbing fastness of the salt-free dyeing of fabrics was also good compared with those obtained by conventional dyeing. The adsorption isotherm of C.I. reactive Blue 4 on modified fabric was examined and found to follow a Langmuir-type adsorption model. The at-HBP modification mechanism of ramie fabric and dyeing mechanism with reactive dye were suggested.

One-step synthesis of silver nanoparticles in an aqueous solution and their antibacterial activities

A one-step simple synthesis of silver colloid nanoparticles with controllable sizes is presented in this research. In the synthesis, an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) was applied as a stabilizer and a reductant. The syntheses, performed at various initial AgNO3 concentrations (0.28–0.56 g/l) in a 2 g/l HBP-NH2 aqueous solution, produced silver colloid nanoparticles having average sizes from 3 to 30 nm with narrow size distributions. The formation of silver colloid nanoparticles was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV/Visible Absorption Spectrophotometry, and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. The results indicated that both particle size and the UV absorption are strongly dependent on the initial AgNO3 concentrations. The silver colloid nanoparticles, prepared with a 0.35 g/l AgNO3 aqueous solution in the presences of 2 g/l HBP-NH2, showed good antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). A very low concentration of nano-silver (as low as 3.0 ug/ml Ag) also gave excellent antibacterial performance.

In situ generation and deposition of nano-ZnO on cotton fabric by hyperbranched polymer for its functional finishing

Due to the advantage of hyperbranched polymers on controlling synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs), this paper presents a method to fabricate ZnO NPs coated cotton fabrics via in situ generation and deposition in one-step reaction with amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) to explore its application in textile finishing. Firstly, the mechanism of this reaction was proposed in detail. The treated cotton fabrics were then characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the ultraviolet (UV) protective properties and antibacterial activities of the fabrics were measured. The results indicated that ZnO NPs with a diameter around 80 nm dispersed on the surface of the cotton fabric well, the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) value of the treated cotton fabric was 136 and the bacterial reduction rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli both exceeded 99%, when the concentration of HBP-NH2 and zinc nitrate were 16 g/L and 96 mM respectively.

Antibacterial cotton fabric grafted with silver nanoparticles and its excellent laundering durability

In order to fabricate antibacterial cotton fabric with excellent antibacterial property and laundering durability, amino functional silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were prepared by one-step reaction with amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) and grafted on the oxidized cotton fabric subsequently. The synthesized amino functional Ag NPs and Ag NPs grafted oxidized cotton fabric (Ag-GOCF) were characterized which indicated that the average size of Ag NPs was 10.8nm with narrow size distribution and the Ag NPs have been grafted on the cotton fabric. 99.43% and 99.45% bacterial reduction rates were obtained for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) respectively in case the cotton fabric was treated with 10mg/L Ag NPs solution to produce Ag-GOCF with 149.88mg/kg Ag content. After 50 washing cycles, the Ag content of this Ag-GOCF was maintained at 116.08mg/kg with its antibacterial activity at over 96% reduction level.

Silver Nanoparticles by Amino-Terminated Hyperbranched Polymer : Characterization and Antimicrobial Property on Cotton

A hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) acting as a reducing agent and stablizer agent has been synthesized to investigate the stability of silver nanoparticles antimicrobial agent, which were prepared in a hyperbranched polymer matrix by a reaction with silver nitrate solution. The antimicrobial agents generated were characterized by different spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as DLS, TEM and UV-vis, which confirm the formation of well-dispersed silver nanoparticles with average size around 12.0 nm. Furthermore, antimicrobial and mechanical properties of nanosilver treated cotton fabrics were investigated. The results showed that stable silver nanoparticles collide solution with 12 nm, applied on cotton fabric under certain condition, could produce ideal antibacterial rate over 94% against both Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) even after 50 consecutive washings.

The Structure and Properties of Nano Silver Antibacterial Polyester Fabrics

The homemade amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) was applied as a reducing agent to prepare nano silver. A suitable finishing process was proposed to treat polyester fabrics with nano silver solutions. The distribution and morphology of nano silver on the surface of polyester fiber were observed by SEM. EDS analysis was carried out to investigate element contents of the treated polyester fabrics. The FT-IR spectra, physical mechanical properties and antibacterial activities of nano silver antibacterial polyester fabrics had been tested and compared with common polyester fabrics. The results showed that nano silver particles dispersed uniformly on the surface of the fiber. The treated polyester fabrics attained excellent antibacterial activity and washing durability. The nano silver antibacterial polyester fabrics had an expansive application prospect.

Synthesis of a Novel Cationic Polyacrylamide and Its Application in Flocculation

In the flocculation treatment of oilfield sewage, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), which was synthesized by the copolymerization of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (DMDAAC), acrylamide(AM), and acrylic acid(AA), will react with the residue of oil displacement agent, causing the quick crimp of its linear-molecular-structure chain and deteriorating the flocculating effects. In order to solve the problem, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) was grafted by a cationic-terminated spheroidal-molecular-structure hyperbranched polymer (CHP), which was synthesized by introducing methacryloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) into a kind of amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer. Both CPAM and grafted CPAM were used in flocculation treatment of simulated ASP oilfield sewage. The comparison results in flocculating effects indicated that the flocculating effect of grafted CPAM is greater than CPAM, its optimal dosage is 12.5mg/L, and its transmittance of the treated sewage reached 98.6%.

A Study of Antimicrobial Property of Oxidized Cotton Fabric Finished with Amino-Terminated Hyperbranched Polymer

The chief aim of the present work is to investigate the preparation for silver nanoparticles antimicrobial agent and its antibacterial activity on cotton fabric. In this study, antimicrobial agent was fabricated by a reaction between an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) and silver nitrate solution of certain concentration. Meanwhile, cotton fabric was oxygenated to afford aldehyde groups which could connect with the amino groups of the HBP-NH2 to provide cotton fabric with durable antimicrobial properties. The effects of different biocides made of various molecular structures of synthetic material (HBP-NH2) on antimicrobial properties of nano-silver colloid solution were discussed, and three different agents generated then were characterized in following aspects as silver nanoparticles size and distribution by using DLS, TEM and UV-vis. Furthermore, the fabric structure, mechanical properties and antimicrobial property of treated cotton fabric were also tested. Included in this part of experiment were transverse micro morphology of cotton fibre by SEM, fabric strength retention after finishing, silver nanoparticles molecular conformation on fabric and content analysis via ICP-AES. The results showed that stable silver nanoparticles collide solution with 20-30 nano, applied on oxidized cotton fabric under certain condition, could produce ideal antibacterial rate over 94% of bacterial reduction to both Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) after 50 consecutive washings.

Application of silver nanoparticles to cotton fabric as an antibacterial textile finish

A novel nano-silver colloidal solution was prepared in one step by mixing AgNO3 aqueous solution and an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) aqueous solution under vigorous stirring at room temperature. All results of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV/Visible Absorption Spectrophotometry indicated that silver nanoparticles had been formed in colloidal solution. Cotton fabric was treated with nano-silver colloid by an impregnation method to provide the cotton fabric with antibacterial properties. The whiteness, silver content, antibacterial activity and washing durability of the silver-treated fabrics were determined. The results indicated that the silver-treated cotton fabric showed 99.01 % bacterial reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and 99.26 % bacterial reduction of Escherichia coli while the silver content on cotton was about 88 mg/kg. The antimicrobial activity of the silver-treated cotton fabric was maintained at over 98.77 % reduction level even after being exposed to 20 consecutive home laundering conditions. In addition, the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that silver nanoparticles have been fixed and well dispersed on cotton fabrics’ surface and the major state of the silver presented on the surface was Ag0.

Synthesis of HBP-HTC and its application to cotton fabric as an antimicrobial auxiliary

A quaternary ammonium compound, 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride amino-terminated hyper-branched polymer (HBP-HTC), was synthesized from an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) and 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (EPTAC) as a grafting agent in aqueous solution. Its molecular weight and possible structure were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). The cotton fabric was treated with 2 g/l HBP-HTC aqueous solution for 30 min at room temperature to provide the cotton fabric with antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial activities of the HBP-HTC aqueous solutions and the HBP-HTC treated cotton fabrics were evaluated quantitatively. The results indicated that the HBP-HTC treated cotton fabric showed 99.92 % reduction of bacteria S. aureus and 99.66 % reduction of bacteria E. coli, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the HBP-HTC treated cotton fabrics were maintained at over 99.00 % reduction level even after being exposed to 20 consecutive home laundering conditions.

Performance of cotton fabric treated with an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer

An amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2), synthesized from methyl acrylate and diethylene tri-amine by polycondensation, was applied to treat cotton samples by a pad-dry-cure method. Physical properties, salt-free dye-ability, antimicrobial activity, and antiultraviolet property of the treated cotton samples were tested. The crystallinity and mechanical properties, including breaking strength, breaking elongation, and Young’s modulus of the treated cotton fibers, increased slightly in comparison with those of the untreated cotton fibers. The thermal stability and the moisture regain were also improved slightly. Dyed with direct dyes and reactive dyes in the absence of the electrolytes, the treated cotton fabric showed similar or higher color strength compared with the untreated cotton fabric in conventional dyeing. The treated cotton fabric can also be dyed with acid dyes effectively. In addition, the treated cotton fabric showed good antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The study of the antiultraviolet properties of the treated cotton fabric indicated that the HBP-NH2 contributed to the reduction of UV transmission and the increase of UPF.

The antimicrobial activity of the cotton fabric grafted with an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer

An amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) was grafted to cotton fabric by a reaction between the aldehyde groups of oxidized cotton fabric and the amino groups of the HBP-NH2 to provide cotton fabric with durable antimicrobial properties. The antimicrobial activities of the HBP-NH2 aqueous solutions and the HBP-NH2 grafted cotton fabrics were evaluated quantitatively against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results indicated that the HBP-NH2 grafted cotton fabric showed 92% of bacterial reduction to S. aureus and 95% of bacterial reduction to E. coli, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the HBP-NH2 grafted cotton fabrics were maintained at over 91% reduction level even after being exposed to 20 consecutive home laundering conditions. Several influence factors, which may affect the amount of HBP-NH2 grafted onto the cotton fabrics, were also discussed.

HBP-NH 2 grafted cotton fiber: Preparation and salt-free dyeing properties

In order to achieve salt-free dyeing on cotton fiber with reactive dyes, an amino-terminated hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH 2) grafted cotton fiber (HGCF) was prepared by the oxidation of cotton fiber with sodium periodate in water and subsequent grafted with an aqueous solution of HBP-NH 2. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) of the HGCF indicated that all aldehyde groups of the oxidized cotton fiber have reacted with amino groups of the HBP-NH 2. As a result, the HGCF fabrics prepared under the optimum conditions displayed markedly enhanced colour strength when dyed with reactive dyes using salt-free dyeing. The washing fastness, rubbing fastness and levelling properties of the dyed HGCF fabrics were also good compared with those obtained by conventional dyeing. The zeta-potential of the HGCF in liquid phase was tested and found to be positive at pHs lower than 6.5. The dyeing behaviour of Reactive Brilliant Yellow A-4GLN on the HGCF was found to follow a Langmuir-type adsorption curve.