Amino Acid Complexes Research Articles

Tin Carboxylate Complexes of Natural Bacteriochlorin for Combined Photodynamic and Chemotherapy of Cancer è.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently one of the most promising methods of cancer treatment. However, this method has some limitations, including a small depth of penetration into biological tissues, the low selectivity of accumulation, and hypoxia of the tumor tissues. These disadvantages can be overcome by combining PDT with other methods of treatment, such as radiation therapy, neutron capture therapy, chemotherapy, etc. In this work, potential drugs were obtained for the first time, the molecules of which contain both photodynamic and chemotherapeutic pharmacophores. A derivative of natural bacteriochlorophyll a with a tin IV complex, which has chemotherapeutic activity, acts as an agent for PDT. This work presents an original method for obtaining agents of combined action, the structure of which is confirmed by various physicochemical methods of analysis. The method of molecular modeling was used to investigate the binding of the proposed drugs to DNA. In vitro biological tests were carried out on several lines of tumor cells: Hela, A549, S37, MCF7, and PC-3. It was shown that the proposed conjugates of binary action for some cell lines had a dark cytotoxicity that was significantly higher (8–10 times) than the corresponding metal complexes of amino acids, which was explained by the targeted chemotherapeutic action of the tin (IV) complex due to chlorin. The greatest increase in efficiency relative to the initial dipropoxy-BPI was found for the conjugate with lysine as a chelator of the tin cation relative to cell lines, with the following results: S-37 increased 3-fold, MCF-7 3-fold, and Hela 2.4-fold. The intracellular distribution of the obtained agents was also studied by confocal microscopy and showed a diffuse granular distribution with predominant accumulation in the near nuclear region.

Voltammetric sensor system based on Cu(II) and Zn(II) amino acid complexes for recognition and determination of atenolol enantiomers

• A chiral sensors based on GCE modified by composites with amino acid complexes of Cu(II) and Zn(II) was developed. • R- and S-Atn interact with the Cu(II) and Zn(II) amino acid complexes by the ligands exchange. • Differences in the maximum currents and the potentials of R-, S-Atn oxidation peaks were observed. • For reliable recognition of R- and S-Atn, the proposed sensors were combined to sensor system by chemometric methods. • The sensor system correctly recognize R- and S-Atn in enantiomeric mixture. For recognition and determination of atenolol (Atn) enantiomers the enantioselective voltammetric sensor system based on glassy carbon electrodes modified by composites of polyarylenephthalide and chiral amino acid complexes of Cu(II) and Zn(II) – glycine- l -alaninate and glycine- l -argininate Cu(II), bis - l -phenylalaninate Zn(II) is developed. The enantioselectivity of the sensors is explained by the presence of chiral amino acids in the complexes which can be exchanged with Atn enantiomers and form mixed-ligand complexes of different stability. The electrochemical and analytical characteristics of the sensors were studied. It was shown that the sensors are cross-sensitive to Atn enantiomers. A sensor system based on them with chemometric processing of analytical signals using the methods of principal components and projection to latent structures was used to recognize and determine S- and R-Atn in mixtures with different ratios of enantiomers. The content of S-Atn was established with a relative standard deviation of less than 9% and recoveries ranging from 95% to 102%. The use of a sensor system makes it possible to eliminate errors of the first kind and to minimize errors of the second kind, to increase the percentage of correctly recognized samples up to 99%.

Биохимические показатели крови быков-производителей при использовании минеральной добавки из жмыха пантов марала

The seed bulls used for artificial insemination should be in good health, have outstanding genetic characteristics, have high sexual activity, and the biological products ob-tained from them should have high quality indices. One of the possible methods of increasing semen production is the introduction of dietary supplements into the diet. The intro-duction of new feed and biologically active supplements into the diet may cause both positive and negative changes in metabolic processes. Monitoring the biochemical status of blood allows detecting not only metabolic disorders in highly productive animals but also a lack of vitamins, mac-ro-and microelements. The research goal was to study the effect of a natural biostimulant (mineral supplement) made from maral antler press-cake on the blood biochemical indices ofBlack Pied seed bulls in the breeding company AO “Plempredpriyatiye Barnaulskoye”. Along with the basic diet, the seed bulls of the trial group received the natural biostimulant (mineral supplement) based on maral antler press-cake; the daily dose -15.0 g per head, for 30 days with 10 days’ interval after each application. The supple-ment was thoroughly mixed with compound feed before feeding. The mineral supplement is of powder form and contains a complex of vitamins, minerals, amino acids and other biologically active substances. The use of a mineral supplement increased the amount of total protein and al-bumin by 7.15% and 18.3%, respectively. The blood glu-cose level in the seed bulls of the trial group was higher by 12% and cholesterol by 17.1% than in the blood of the con-trol group animals. Cholesterol of the seed bulls may be used as a structural material or a precursor in the synthesis of sex steroid hormones. The level of total calcium, alkaline reserve at the end of the experiment increased in the seed bulls when using the mineral supplement made from maral antler press-cake in the diet by 4.8% and 8.1%, respective-ly, as compared to the control group.

Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity and DNA/BSA binding of two amino acid palladium(II) complexes derived from alanine and valine

Two novel palladium(II)–amino acid complexes, [Pd(Ala)2]·H2O (PA) and [Pd(Val)2].H2O (PV) (Ala = alanine; Val = valine) were synthesized and characterized through FTIR, UV/Vis, 1H-NMR spectroscopies, CHN analysis, X-ray crystallography and molar conductivity measurement. Furthermore, cytotoxicity of Pd(II) complexes against human leukemia cancer cell line, MOLT4 showed promising cancer cell death (CC50 = 0.71 ± 0.046 µM for PA; CC50 = 0.85 ± 0.063 µM for PV) that were less than cisplatin (1.59 ± 0.25 µM). Moreover, the interaction of both the complexes with DNA and BSA was studied using UV–Vis absorption and emission spectroscopic techniques that demonstrated the bindings occurred via van der Waals forces and hydrogen bond. Furthermore, the fluorescence titration showed that static quenching mechanism plays predominate role in binding process. All results showed that both complexes have more binding tendency to DNA in compared to BSA that can be a significant achievement for further medical purposes as a potential antitumor candidate. Finally, molecular docking simulation was performed for PA and PV complexes with DNA and BSA and demonstrated both complexes bind to the groove of DNA mainly by hydrogen bond and interact with site I of BSA via hydrogen bond as well.

A molecular dynamics study of the complexation of tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine amino acids with cucurbit[7]uril

A molecular dynamics study of the complexation of tryptophan, phenylalanine and tyrosine amino acids with cucurbit[7]uril

New feed additives generation in dairy cattle breeding

Relevance. Modern livestock breeders face an important task of producing organic products, in Russia this is regulated by the Federal Law “On Organic Products” (from 01.01.2020), it allows producers to enter in the state register and mark the products with the “organic” sign. There is a problem of deterioration of the quality of milk, low content of fat, protein, SOMO, deficiency of macro-and microelements, vitamins, which is associated with a violation of the proper feeding of animals. The use of innovative technologies for the activation and modification of silicon-containing minerals (diatomite and zeolite clinoptilolite) enhances their properties. This makes it possible to use them as an adsorbent, an ion exchanger and a source of readily available silicon and other mineral elements to produce high-quality organic products.Methods. To achieve this goal, in the Ulyanovsk region we organized a production experience in the conditions of a dairy farm of “Agrofirma Tetyushskoe” for a duration of 100 days. Three groups of 50 cows were formed: 1st — control, received only the basic diet (ОR), 2nd — experimental (ОR+ supplement based on modified zeolite enriched with amino acids), 3rd — experimental (ОR+ supplement based on modified diatomite enriched with amino acids). The supplement was given once a day, in the morning in a mixture with mixed feed, the input rate was 250 g/head/day. For the physiological experiment, 5 analog cows were selected in a group. To enrich the minerals, a complex of plant-derived amino acids of high purity and biological activity was used.Results The intake of additives based on silicon-containing natural minerals (zeolite and diatomite), processed with innovative technologies and enriched with plant-based amino acids, increases the level of animal productivity and ensures the yield of organic products high-quality. It has a prolonging effect.

Comparative Study of Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Properties of Homoleptic and Heteroleptic Copper Complexes with Amino Acids, Dipeptides and 1,10-Phenanthroline: The Quest for Antitumor Compounds.

In a search for new antitumoral agents, a series of homoleptic copper(II) complexes with amino acids and dipeptides, as well as heteroleptic complexes containing both dipeptides and 1,10-phenanthroline, were studied. Furthermore, a single-crystal structure containing alanyl-leucinato ([Cu3(AlaLeu)3(H2O)3(CO3)]·PF6·H2O), which is the first homotrinuclear carbonato-bridged copper(II) complex with a dipeptide moiety, is presented. To assess possible antitumor action mechanisms, we focused on the comparative analysis of pro- and antioxidant behaviors. Pro-oxidant activity, in which the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed by the reaction of the complexes with H2O2 produce oxidative damage to 2-deoxy-d-ribose, was evaluated using the TBARS method. Additionally, the antioxidant action was quantified through the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, using a protocol based on the inhibitory effect of SOD on the reduction of nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) by the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Our findings show that Cu–amino acid complexes are strong ROS producers and moderate SOD mimics. Conversely, Cu–dipeptide–phen complexes are good SOD mimics but poor ROS producers. The activity of Cu–dipeptide complexes was strongly dependent on the dipeptide. A DFT computational analysis revealed that complexes with high SOD-like activity tend to display a large dipole moment and condensed-to-copper charge, softness and LUMO contribution. Moreover, good ROS producers have higher global hardness and copper electrophilicity, lower copper softness and flexible and freely accessible coordination polyhedra.

Amino acid complex (AAComplex) benefits in cosmetic products: In vitro and in vivo clinical studies.

BackgroundAmino acids are major components of skin's natural moisturizing factors and play a role in regulating skin hydration and skin pH.ObjectiveThis research examines a proprietary amino acid complex technology (AAComplex) designed to help reduce skin irritation and repair skin damage.Methods In‐ vitro Scratch Assay HaCaT cells are scratched, and the wounds are imaged at different time points until the closure of the scratch wound is detected. In‐vitro 3D Reconstructed Human Tissue Evaluation The concentration of heat shock protein 27 (HSP‐27) extracted from 3D reconstructed human skin equivalent tissues and IL‐1a released to the media was determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. In Vivo Clinical Study 37 subjects were enrolled in a split‐face study design. On test days 1, 2, 4, and 8, subjects visited the test facility to have their face assessed by facial swabbing and bio‐instrumentation measurements.Results In‐ vitro Scratch Assay The AAComplex demonstrated a strong cell renewal benefit in the HaCaT (human) cells scratch assay. In Vitro 3D Reconstructed Human Tissue Evaluation AAComplex demonstrated a significant skin repair benefit by quantifying Heat Shock Protein, HSP‐27. Induced skin irritation was significantly reduced by quantifying interleukin‐1 alpha biomarker, IL‐1a. In Vivo Clinical Study The test products delivered skin benefits by reducing visual redness and skin irritation while increasing moisturization.ConclusionThe in vitro and in vivo clinical studies demonstrated that the AAComplex technology formulated in the commercially available Skin Recovery System effectively reduced skin irritation and redness as well as accelerating the skin repair process.

Nonpolar Side Chains Affect the Photochemical Redox Reactions of Copper(II)-Amino Acid Complexes in Aqueous Solutions.

Photochemical redox reactions of Cu(II) complexes of eight amino acid ligands (L) with nonpolar side chains have been systematically investigated in deaerated aqueous solutions. Under irradiation at 313 nm, the intramolecular carboxylate-to-Cu(II) charge transfer within Cu(II)–amino acid complexes leads to Cu(I) formation and the concomitant decomposition of amino acids. All amino acid systems studied here can produce ammonia and aldehydes except proline. For the 1:1 Cu(II) complex species (CuL), the Cu(I) quantum yields at 313 nm (ΦCu(I),CuL) vary by fivefold and in the sequence (0.10 M ionic strength at 25 °C) alanine (0.094) > valine (0.059), leucine (0.059), isoleucine (0.056), phenylalanine (0.057) > glycine (0.052) > methionine (0.032) > proline (0.019). This trend can be rationalized by considering the stability of the carbon-centered radicals and the efficient depopulation of the photoexcited state, both of which are dependent on the side-chain structure. For the 1:2 Cu(II) complex species (CuL2), the Cu(I) quantum yields exhibit a similar trend and are always less than those for CuL. The photoformation rates of ammonia, Cu(I), and aldehydes are in the ratio of 1:2.0 ± 0.2:0.7 ± 0.2, which supports the proposed mechanism. This study suggests that the direct phototransformation of Cu(II)–amino acid complexes may contribute to the bioavailable nitrogen for aquatic microorganisms and cause biological damage on cell surfaces in sunlit waters.

Ru(II)/amino acid complexes inhibit the progression of breast cancer cells through multiple mechanism-induced apoptosis

For some cancer subtypes, such as triple-negative breast cancer, there are no specific therapies, which leads to a poor prognosis associated with invasion and metastases. Ruthenium complexes have been developed to act in all steps of tumor growth and its progression. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ruthenium (II) complexes coupled to the amino acids methionine (RuMet) and tryptophan (RuTrp) on the induction of cell death, clonogenic survival ability, inhibition of angiogenesis, and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells (human triple-negative breast cancer). The study also demonstrated that the RuMet and RuTrp complexes induce cell cycle blockage and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, as evidenced by an increase in the number of Annexin V-positive cells, p53 phosphorylation, caspase 3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Moreover, morphological changes and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected. The RuMet and RuTrp complexes induced DNA damage probably due to reactive oxygen species production related to mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Therefore, the RuMet and RuTrp complexes acted directly on breast tumor cells, leading to cell death and inhibiting their metastatic potential; this reveals the potential therapeutic action of these drugs.

Effects of copper source and supplementation level on degradation products, color, and fatty acid profile in canned pet food

Discolored thermally processed canned pet foods may be perceived by pet owners as moldy or adulterated. Interactions between trace minerals, especially copper, and fatty acids or carbohydrates may occur during canning. Today, copper is supplemented primarily as highly reactive, inorganically bound copper sulfate. Chelated copper sources may protect the metal ion and prevent formation of undesirable/visually unfavorable reactions. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine the effects of 3 mineral premixes at 2 levels of inclusion in a canned pet food diet on color, degradation products, and fatty acid profile. In a 2ｘ3 + 1 augmented factorial arrangement of treatments, canned pet food diets were as follows: no mineral premix (NC), 60 mg/kg dry matter (DM) from copper-lysine-glutamate (LG60), copper amino acid complex (CA60), and copper sulfate (CS60), or 300 mg/kg DM from the same copper sources (LG300, CA300, and CS300, respectively). The copper supplementation levels represented roughly 8–12 and 41–60 times the minimum recommended allowances for adult dogs and cats [7.3 and 5.0 mg/kg DM, respectively; Association of American Feed Control Officials AAFCO (2017)]. Diets were produced in three 20-can batches over 3 days (replicates) and cooked in a still retort (Dixie; Athens, GA). All treatments were analyzed for copper, iron, zinc, manganese, thiamin, vitamin A, and vitamin E. Fatty acids were quantified for NC, CS60, LG60, and CA60. Color was analyzed by slicing the full canned product into 4 segments and measuring each portion with a colorimeter (CIELAB color system). Data were analyzed as a linear mixed model with significance set at P < 0.05. Fatty acids were not affected (P > 0.05) by copper source, nor were thiamin or vitamin A by concentration or source of copper. Vitamin E concentration of NC was greater (P < 0.05) than all other treatments. The control (NC), as a reference, was lighter, redder, and more yellow (P < 0.05) than all other treatments. Yellowness was not different (P > 0.05) between copper-supplemented treatments and LG300 was darker (P < 0.05) than LG60, CA60, and CS300 but did not differ (P > 0.05) from CS60 or CA300. This research indicated that all copper sources tested led to color change of canned pet food when over-supplemented. Further research is needed to determine if copper at lower levels might decrease discoloration to undetectable levels.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВИТАМИНОВ И АМИНОКИСЛОТ НА КРИТИЧЕСКИЕ ПЕРИОДЫ ЭМБРИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ АФРИКАНСКОГО КЛАРИЕВОГО СОМА

The work is devoted to the study of critical stages of embryonic development of African sharptooth catfish and the assessment of the effect of biologically active substances, amino acids and vitamins on African sharptooth catfish. The object of the study was incubated roe of African catfish at different stages of development. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of the vitamin-amino acid complex on embryogenesis of the African sharptooth catfish. Chiktonik was the source of vitamins and amino acids. The appropriate concentration of vitamins and amino acids was selected, which would ensure higher survivability of embryos. In the current standards of the fish-breeding process, a certain amount of waste is allowed from 10 to 40%, therefore, the search for reserves for increasing the yield of fish-breeding products associated with a decrease of waste at different stages of embryonic development is relevant. Timely and highquality biological control is a measure of early detection of any disruptions in the fish breeding process and is necessary for their prompt elimination. As shown by the research results, the vitamin-amino acid complex reduced the death rate at different stages of African catfish embryogenesis. Higher survivability rate of embryos in the experimental groups that received the vitamin-amino acid complex proves its effectiveness. The highest rates were obtained when “Chiktonik” was used at a dose of 1.5 ml / l. The second stage of our study was carried out at the larval development stage of African catfish. When using Chiktonik vitamin and amino acid complex at a dose of 1 ml / l and 1.5 ml / l, the yield of larvae increased significantly compared to the control.

Density functional theory investigation into the interaction of deep eutectic solvents with amino acids

Processing of amino acids (AAs) is a very cost-intensive process. Recently, Li et al. used supported liquid membranes (SLMs) based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) for amino-acid extraction and found that [choline chloride][p-Toluenesulfonic acid] ([ChCl][p-TSA])) DES was efficiently separating Tryptophan (Trp(•)) amino acid. Inspired by the study, here we investigate the interaction of [ChCl][p-TSA] DES with three forms of amino acids, including neutral(•), cationic(+), and anionic(-) forms using density functional theory (DFT) method at the M06-2X/6–311++G(d,p) level of theory. Our results indicate that the interaction of AAs(•/+/-) with [ChCl][p-TSA] DES is governed by the hydrogen bonding interactions, which is consistent with the findings of 1H NMR spectra by Li et al. Thermochemistry calculations indicate that the formation of [ChCl][p-TSA]…AAs(•/+/-) complexes is an exothermic and favorable reaction and proceeds spontaneously. Among the three forms of AAs(•/+/-), cationic forms (AAs(+)) exhibited the most tendency to interact with the [ChCl][p-TSA] DES. The binding energy (ΔEb) calculations show that Trp(•) has the strongest interaction with [ChCl][p-TSA] DES among the AAs(•), in agreement with the experimental results reported in the literature. The Gly(+) and Val(-) also have the highest ΔEb value with [ChCl][p-TSA] DES. A comparison between the calculated free energies and the extraction efficiency (%) reported by Li et al. for extraction of AAs(•) by [ChCl][p-TSA] DES indicates that the higher the free energy value, the higher is the extraction efficiency (%) of neutral AAs(•). Furthermore, the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, atoms in molecules (AIM) theory, and noncovalent interaction (NCI) plots were performed to determine the nature and strength of hydrogen bonding interactions between the [ChCl][p-TSA] DES and AAs(•/+/-). These analyses indicate that the O-H..O, O-H…[Cl]−, and N-H…[Cl]− interactions in the complexes are stronger than the N-H…O and C-H…O interactions. Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) method revealed that the charged AAs(+/-) have a greater tendency to interact with [ChCl][p-TSA] DES due to the presence of positive and negative charges on the AAs(+/-), which leads to increased strength in the electrostatic interactions between the AAs(+/-) and [ChCl][p-TSA] DES.

Initial Liver Copper Status in Finishing Beef Steers Fed Three Dietary Concentrations of Copper Affects Beta Agonist Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Lipolysis Response, and Muscle Inflammation Markers.

Simple SummaryBeta agonists are commonly used in the United States beef industry, offering improved performance in the days leading up to harvest by influencing energy metabolism. Copper has been shown to regulate the biological pathway leading to increased lipid mobilization. However, this connection has not been evaluated in cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how Cu influences beta agonist-induced performance, energy metabolism and inflammation in feedlot cattle. Supplementation of Cu resulted in increased liver Cu concentrations, while cattle performance, lipolysis, and some markers of inflammation responded to Cu supplementation differently, depending on whether or not cattle were fed a beta agonist. Therefore, strategic supplementation of Cu may help optimize growth of cattle receiving a beta agonist.Ninety-three Angus-crossbred steers (470 ± 35 kg) were assigned to a 3 × 2 factorial to determine the effects of Cu status and beta agonist (BA) on performance, carcass characteristics, lipolytic rate, and muscle inflammation. Factors included Cu supplementation (mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM)) at: 0 (LO), 10 (MED), or 20 (HI) from Cu amino acid complex (Availa Cu; Zinpro) with no BA (NoRAC) or 300 mg·steer−1·day−1 of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC; Optaflexx; Elanco) for final 28 days of 88-day trial. Linear and quadratic effects of Cu status within BA treatment were tested. Pre-BA gain was not affected by Cu supplementation (p ≥ 0.57), although day 53 liver Cu quadratically increased (p = 0.01). Average daily gain and muscle IL-8 gene expression quadratically increased (p ≤ 0.01), with MED having greatest gain and gene expression. Ribeye area tended to quadratically increase with Cu supplementation within RAC (p = 0.08). In vitro basal lipolytic rate tended to quadratically increase with Cu supplementation within RAC (p = 0.11), while stimulated lipolytic rate tended to linearly increase within NoRAC (p = 0.10). These data suggest lipolysis and the BA response of steers are influenced by dietary and liver Cu concentrations.

The Influence of Supranutritional Zinc and Ractopamine Hydrochloride Supplementation on Early Postmortem pH Decline and Meat Quality Development of Beef

The objectives of this experiment were to determine the impact of zinc (Zn) and ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) supplementation of beef steers on early postmortem pH decline and meat quality development of aged longissimus thoracis steaks. Angus steers (n = 20; 516 kg average initial body weight) were fed in a 2 × 2 factorial and equally assigned to Zn and RH treatments: control (analyzed 36 mg Zn/kg dry matter [DM]) or supranutritional Zn supplementation (control diet + 60 mg Zn/kg DM [from ZnSO4] þ 60 mg Zn/kg DM [from Zn–amino acid complex]) dietary treatments for the entire 89-d trial. Starting 28 d before harvest, steers were blocked by body weight within Zn treatments to RH treatments of 0 or 300 mg per steer per day. Steers were harvested, and the following data were collected: longissimus thoracis pH and temperature (1, 3, 6, and 24 h postmortem), carcass measurements, and quality attributes of aged steaks (1, 3, 7, or 14 d postmortem). Muscle samples were taken at 1 h and 1, 3, 7, and 14 d postmortem for biochemical analysis. Supplementation of supranutritional Zn trended for a lower (pH 5.49; P = 0.06) pH in samples at 6 h postmortem and lower (5.40 kg; P = 0.06) Warner-Bratzler shear force value at 1 d postmortem. Supplementation of RH in samples resulted in a higher (pH 5.86; P = 0.04) pH at 6 h postmortem, greater (7.64 kg; P < 0.01) Warner-Bratzler shear force value at 1 d postmortem, and lesser whole muscle desmin (P = 0.05) and troponin-T (P = 0.04) degradation at 1 d postmortem. The observed differences in this study lends further credence to the need to more fully understand the role of Zn and RH in muscle growth and early postmortem metabolism because of potential impacts on beef quality.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ ВЫСОКОСТРУКТУРИРОВАННЫХ КРЕМНИЙ СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ДОБАВОК ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ОРГАНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА

The influence of highly structured silicon-containing zeolite enriched with the amino acid complex "VitaAmin" on the general state of the body and productivity indicators in dairy cows and calves was studied. The object of the study for this purpose was selected black-and-white cattle. The first group – control, the second-experience, with the introduction of supplements in the diet. As an additive, we used natural zeolite from the Yushanskoye deposit in the Ulyanovsk region, which was subjected to technological processing in the factory. We used a new technology of activation, structuring, dehydration, and enrichment of zeolite with amino acids. This supplement is of pure natural origin, does not contain chemical components. In young animals, the average daily weight gain increases by 14.9 %, compared with the control. The average daily milk yield of cows during the experiment was 24.7 kg of milk, compared to 20.88 kg in the control. The increase was 3.82 kg per day, for the experiment 0.687 tons of milk was obtained additionally due to the use of the additive. Under its influence, the processes of milk synthesis, metabolism, and anabolic processes in young animals are activated in the body of cattle.

Evaluation of the molecular response of corpora lutea to manganese-amino acid complex supplementation in gilts.

Porcine pregnancy establishment and maintenance are dependent on the formation of functional corpora lutea (CL). Manganese (Mn) is critical for CL function as it is a cofactor for Mn superoxide dismutase and enzymes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Previously, we have shown that luteal Mn content increased and luteal progesterone (P4) concentration decreased in the CL of gilts fed diets supplemented with an Mn–amino acid complex (Availa-Mn; Zinpro Corporation) compared with controls fed Mn sulfate. Importantly, serum P4 increased from 0 (estrus onset) to 12 d post estrus (dpe), as expected, but P4 abundance in circulation was not affected by dietary Mn source (P = 0.15). We hypothesized that a more bioavailable Mn source (which results in increased luteal Mn content) would alter the luteal proteome and abundance of mRNA associated with steroid biogenesis during the mid-luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Postpubertal gilts (n = 32) were assigned to one of the four gestation diets. The control diet (CON) contained 20 ppm of supplemental Mn in the form of Mn sulfate. Three additional diets included 20 (TRT1), 40 (TRT2), or 60 (TRT3) ppm of supplemental Mn in the form of a Mn–amino acid complex instead of Mn sulfate. Dietary treatment began at estrus synchronization (approximately 20 d before estrus) and continued through 12 dpe when gilts were euthanized and tissues were collected. Protein and total RNA extracts from the CL were used for proteomic analysis via label-free liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to assess global protein abundance and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess specific mRNA abundance, respectively. Compared with CON, 188, 382, and 401 proteins were differentially abundant (P < 0.10) in TRT1, TRT2, and TRT3, respectively. Gene Ontology enrichment software revealed that proteins involved in P4 signaling and cholesterol synthesis were downregulated in CL of gilts fed Mn–amino acid complex compared with controls. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that relative transcript abundance of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes (CYP11A1 and StAR) in CL tissue was decreased in gilts from TRT2 compared with CON (P = 0.02), but TRT1 and TRT3 were not affected (P ≥ 0.30). Collectively, these data support our hypothesis that a more bioavailable dietary Mn source may influence luteal function by altering the abundance of protein and mRNA involved in steroidogenesis.

The use of a feed additive on the base of beekeeping products «Vinivet» in the feeding of juveniles of Steelhead salmon

Currently, there is a rapid development of commercial salmon farming in Russia, which has grown almost 3 times in terms of production since 2013 and exceeded 116 thousand tons in 2020. In turn, this requires the appropriate development of the feed base and the development of methods for the effective use of fairly expensive fi sh feed. From these positions the involvement of the feed additive “Vinivet”, which is a waste of beekeeping in the feed production for fi sh as a protein additive is relevant. The feed additive “Vinivet” contains bee products such as bee bread and slumgum, a significant complex of vitamins, amino acids, macro- and microelements. The purpose of the work was to assess the influence of the feed additive “Vinivet” on the livability of juveniles, growth rate and feed consumption of rainbow trout of Steelhead salmon breed when growing in a recirculating aquaculture system. For the experiment juveniles with an average juvenile weight of 2,37±0,72 g have been selected, from which the control and 3 experimental groups have been formed. The control group has received a standard starting compound feed as the main diet, the 1st experimental group in addition to the main diet has received the additive “Vinivet” in the amount of 2,5 % of the mass of the main diet, the 2nd experimental group has received 5,0 % of the additive, and the 3rd experimental group in the first week received 2,5 % of the additive, and from the second week of studies the dose of the additive was increased to 5 %. The conducted studies have shown that the inclusion of the feed additive “Vinivet” in the feed when growing juveniles of Steelhead salmon is most advisable by introducing it at the dosage of 2,5 % of the mass of the main diet in the first week of cultivation, followed by the increase in the dose to 5,0 %, which allows achieving the highest fi sh productivity of pools in the recirculating aquaculture system compared to all variants of the experiment and by 24 % compared to the control group.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Non-Covalent Interactions of Palladium(II)-Amino Acid Complexes.

The reaction of palladium(II) acetate with acyclic amino acids in acetone/water yields square planar bis-chelated palladium amino acid complexes that exhibit interesting non-covalent interactions. In all cases, complexes were examined by multiple spectroscopic techniques, especially HRMS (high resolution mass spectrometry), IR (infrared spectroscopy), and 1H NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. In some cases, suitable crystals for single crystal X-ray diffraction were able to be grown and the molecular structure was obtained. The molecular geometries of the products are discussed. Except for the alanine complex, all complexes incorporate water molecules into the extended lattice and exhibit N-H···O and/or O···(HOH)···O hydrogen bonding interactions. The non-covalent interactions are discussed in terms of the extended lattice structures exhibited by the structures.

Infrared Multiple-Photon Dissociation Spectra of Sodiated Complexes of the Aliphatic Amino Acids.

Sodiated complexes of the aliphatic amino acids, Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, and Ile, were examined with infrared multiple-photon dissociation action spectroscopy utilizing light from a free-electron laser. To identify structures, the experimental spectra were compared to linear spectra calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. Relative energetics of all complexes were calculated at B3LYP, B3P86, MP2(full), B3LYP-GD3BJ, and M06-2X levels using a 6-311+G(2d,2p) basis set. Spectral comparison for all complexes indicates that the dominant conformation, [N, CO], binds to the amino nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen. For all complexes except Gly, contributions are observed from [CO2-] structures, where the sodium cation binds to both oxygens of the carboxylate group in the zwitterionic form of the amino acid. The semiquantitative distribution between these two structures appears to be best-predicted by the B3LYP and MP2(full) levels of theory, with predictions from the other three levels inconsistent with the experiment.