Amine Carbon Research Articles

Photofixation of carbon dioxide: formation of 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-9-carboxylic acid from phenanthrene–amine–carbon dioxide systems

Irradiation of phenanthrene in the presence of various amines and carbon dioxide in dimethyl sulphoxide or dimethylformamide solution yields 9,10-di-hydrophenanthrene-9-carboxylic acid with conversions up to 55%.

Vinyl polymerization by metal complexes. V. Effects of amines on the polymerization by copper(II) chelate and carbon tetrachloride initiating system

AbstractThe polymerization of acrylonitrile was studied by the system of copper(II)‐oligo(n)ethylene‐(n+1)amine complex and carbon tetrachloride. Addition of amines to the initiating system accelerates the polymerization. The acceleration by these amines was found to be in the following order: prim.‐amine<sec.‐amine<tert.‐amine<diamine<phenylenediamine. Effects of the sort of the ligands in the copper(II) chelates on the polymerization were also studied.

Polymerization of methyl methacrylate by the binary system of the copper–amine complex type resin and carbon tetrachloride

AbstractThe polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by binary initiator systems composed of a copper–amine complex type resin and organic halides has been studied. These binary systems initiated the polymerization of various vinyl monomers. A kinetic study of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by the copper–amine complex resin–CCl4 system was carried out, and it was found that the polymerization proceeds by way of a radical mechanism. This fact was also supported by the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with styrene. The overall activation energy of the polymerization of methyl methacrylate was estimated as 8.4 kcal/mole. The activity of the initiator systems was greatly dependent upon the dissociation energy of carbon–halogen bonds in the organic halides. A possible initiation mechanism with the binary systems is proposed and discussed.

Fetor Hepaticus: Its Clinical Significance and Attempts at Chemical Isolation

Summary 1.The odor has certain characteristics which allow its identification on the breath of some patients with various forms of liver disease. It was not noted in normal controls. 2.Fetor hepaticus was noted twice as frequently in patients with jaundice not of obstructive origin as in those with obstruction. 3.The presence or absence of hepaticus could not be correlated with age, sex, degree of bilirubinemia or impairment of liver function. 4.Fetor hepaticus has been found in the urine of patients with liver disease and also in that of normal controls. Temporary sterilization of the intestinal tract did not cause a decrease of excretion of in the urine in 2 of 3 cases. 5.Fetor hepaticus was noted in several instances in which liver injury could not be detected or proved. 6.In the attempt to isolate the substance responsible for the fetor of urine the amount of obtained was too small to permit isolation and characterination. However, the chemical and physical properties of fetor and its hydrochloride suggest that it may be a weak base, probably a tertiary amine, having five or more carbon atoms. The odor as extracted from the urine is similar but not identical to that of α-methylpiperidine.