Federation Of America Research Articles

Contemporary Crisis of the Nation-State?

1. Introduction: John Dunn (University of Cambridge). 2. America's Federal Nation State: A Crisis of Post-imperial Viability? David P. Calleo (School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University). 3. Russia: A Crisis of Post-imperial Viability? John Barber (King's College, University of Cambridge). 4. Crisis of the Nation State in India: Sudipta Kaviraj (School of Oriental +ACY- African Studies, University of London). 5. Rescue or Retreat? The Nation State in Western Europe 1945-93: William Wallace (St Antony's College, University of Oxford). 6. A Crisis of Identification? The Canadian Example: James Tully (McGill University). 7. The Military Crisis of the Nation State: Asia and Europe: Paul Bracken (Yale University). 8. Southern States after the Eighties: Geoffrey Hawthorn (Dept of Social and Political Sciences, University of Cambridge). 9. A Crisis of Ecological Viability? Global Environmental Change and the Nation State: Andrew Hurrell (Nuffield College, University of Oxford). 10. The 'Crisis of the Nation State' in Historical Perspective: Istvan Hont (King's College, Cambridge).

America's Federal Nation State: A Crisis of Post-Imperial Viability?

America's Federal Nation State: A Crisis of Post-Imperial Viability?

Ethical Codes and the Advocacy Advertisements of World War II

In March 1942, the Advertising Federation of America drew up an ethical code for advertisers to follow during World War II. Included among the code's thirty-nine rules were (1) to promote ‘intelligent patriotism’ (2) to ‘glorify [the] service [of workers] with our fighting forces’ and (3) to ‘arouse enthusiasm of workers for productive achievement’. Yet, despite their membership in the Advertising Federation of America and their praiseworthy goals, two major World War II advertisers unknowingly violated all three of these self-imposed rules in their advocacy advertisements about absenteeism and carelessness. Their ethical faux pas serve as an important lesson for today's advocacy advertisers.

Indoor air quality: a consumer protection issue.

In the last decade, the quality of indoor air has become a consumer protection issue. A Consumer Federation of America (CFA) study found that consumer knowledge about indoor air issues is limited. Although there is authority under existing statutes to address some aspects of the indoor air problem, consumer advocates and health professionals are supporting additional regulations and legislation. Such measures are aimed at reducing pollutants, affecting the operation of buildings, providing more information to consumers, and directing the federal government to conduct additional research and embark on programs to address indoor air pollution.

The 1959 West Point Conference on Mechanisms Concerned with Conception: A Landmark Event in Endocrinology

Few among us are privileged to participate in research symposia that have profound and direct influences on both the direction of scientific inquiry and on subsequent industrial developments. The Symposium on Mechanisms Concerned with Conception, held at West Point, NY in July 1959 under the auspices of the Population Council and the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, was such a conference and those of us who attended knew almost immediately that a number of important developments in the endocrine world were about to occur. The list of 70-odd invited participants in the conference now reads like a Who's Who of Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology. Many are now retired and a number are deceased. Without exception they have made lasting contributions to the field. Gregory Pincus reported the results of the first large scale clinical trials with orally active ovulation-inhibiting steroids, and it was clear that a contraceptive drug industry was likely to develop.

A Preliminary Assessment of the Status of Major Terrestrial and Wetland Ecosystems on Federal and Indian Lands in the United States

Abstract:Major terrestrial and wetland ecosystems in the United States were described by 135 Küchler potential natural vegetation (PNV) types. Their occurrence on federal and Indian lands was then determined by computer overlay of PNV maps on the National Geographic Society's 1982 map of America's Federal Lands. Based on the map scales used it was determined that at least 33 of 135 PNV types (24%) are inadequately represented on federal and Indian lands. Nine of the 33 have no representation. Eleven others have relatively little representation and are either naturally rare or have been largely converted to nonnatural uses. All federal agencies and the Indian lands have large gaps in their ecosystem coverage. Among agencies with nationwide land management systems and strong conservation mandates, the percentage of major ecosystem types with no apparent representation on these agenlands is: US Forest Service, 27 percent; National Park Service, 33 percent; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 53 percent. The Bureau of Land Management, Department of Defense, and Indian lands collectively play an important role in supplementing the current coverage of the other agencies.Because of inaccuracies associated with the small‐scale maps that were analyzed and the nature of PNV types, these results are preliminary and should be used only for general planning. Inclusion of a PNV type within a management unit, based on map overlay, does not ensure that mature vegetation representative of that type actually is present on the ground Additional assessments would have to be made to determine the type and health of existing vegetation within the mil, as well as the amount of future protection that the unit would be expected to provide.Cooperation among federal, state, and local agencies and private organizations is needed to provide a cost‐effective program of national ecosystem Conservation. More detailed state and regional surveys can be used to improve the accuracy of this preliminary national survey.

Courts Sink New Title X Regulations

The final version of the new regulations governing how Title X funds can be distributed to family planning projects issued on February 2 1988 contain several controversial elements including a provision prohibiting Title X family planning providers from counseling patients about abortion or referring them for any abortion-related services and another requiring recipients to have physically separate facilities from those of any abortion provider. Also important were provisions forbidding Title X recipients from using non-Title X funds to lobby for abortion rights develop materials advocating abortion or take legal action seeking to permit the use of abortion as a family planning method. A significant addition to the revised regulations involved the definition of who would be affected. The DHHS stipulated that even nonfederal funds be subject to the regulations by requiring that all funds allocated to the Title X program or project be spent in compliance with section 1008 and that the program be separate and distinct from prohibited abortion activities. District Court Judge Zita L. Weinscheink in response to a Colorado legal action by the Planned Parenthood Federation of America issued a preliminary injunction against the regulations on February 15 citing their unduly burdensome interference with a womans freedom to decide whether o terminate a pregnancy. New York District Court Judge Lewis L. Stanton granted an injunction to the American Civil Liberties Union a few days later. On March 3 Massachusetts District Judge Walter Jay Skinner permanently enjoined enforcement of the regulations.

The CDC and Abortion in HIV-Positive Women-Reply

In Reply. —Dr Gunn's Letter diverts attention from the CDC's suppression of abortion information by raising two specious issues. First, he argues that no was assembled in 1985 to develop guidelines. While he is correct that the group of consultants assembled in Atlanta in October 1985 did not constitute a (a semantic nuance that is lost on those who are unfamiliar with the bureaucracy), a CDC committee was already at work by the time Dr Gunn became involved (memorandum, Richard M. Selick, MD, to James A. Curran, MD, Oct 3, 1985). Then a commissioned officer at the CDC, I was involved with both the committee and the consultants. Second, Dr Gunn alleges that there was vigorous objection to the mention of elective abortion. Louise B. Tyrer, MD, a representative from the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, recommended that HIV-infected pregnant women be counseled about the option of abortion.

Planned Parenthood Federation of America:

Planned Parenthood Federation of America, the oldest and largest voluntary family planning organization in the Unitcd States, was established in 1916 to fulfill the need to provide both information and services to women so that they could choose whether or when to have children. Reproductive health care and reproductive rights still remain the major thrust of the organization's provision of clinic, education and information services. The Katharine Dexter McCormick Library serves the organization's goals by publishing family planning bibliographies, performing literature searches on LINK, an in-house database, and providing reference services to a worldwide clientele.

Adolescents' preference of source to obtain contraceptive information

The Adolescent Study, performed as part of the Child Health and Development Studies (CHDS), included an interview in which the adolescents were asked to respond to questions on social and family planning. The adolescents' responses to 1 particular question of this interview regarding the place or person to whom the adolescent would go for information on pregnancy prevention appears to be of particular pertinence in relation to the current issues regarding "Parental Notification Regulations." Recently, the federal government adopted the regulation that agencies receiving funds under Title 10 of the Public Health Service Act must notify a parent or guardian of an unemancipated minor (17 years of age or younger) within 10 days after a prescription contraceptive drug or device has been issued. The regulation has been opposed by major medical associations and has been challenged in court in a lawsuit brought by the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, Inc., resulting in a permanent injunction barring the government from enforcing or implementing the regulation. The government has appealed this decision. The main focus of the Adolescent Study was on blood pressure measurements of adolescents and their mothers. The study also included anthropometric and spirographic measurements, health interviews, and behavioral and attitudinal questionnaires of adolescents and their mothers. 31.4% of the 15 year old girls chose their mother as the person they would be most likely to go to for more information on pregnancy or pregnancy prevention. This proportion was 23.0% for 16 year old girls and 20.5% among the 17 year olds. The choice of father and mother was reduced from 5.6% for 15 year old girls to 1.8% for the 17 year olds. Father exclusively was never mentioned by the girls. For the boys, both parents were preferred by about 10% of the boys and father alone or mother alone, about equally by 7-8% of the boys. The single 1st choice most often mentioned was birth control clinics, increasing for girls from 20% at 15 years to 34% at 17 years. For boys, the percentage was more constant by age at about 26%. A doctor was mentioned as the primary source of information by about 10% of the aodlescent boys and girls. Besides these choices, either another relative or an adult friend or as a friend of the same age was mentioned by about 30% of the adolescents. The data suggest that even if family relationships are favorable, the majority of adolescents intend to seek advice on conception and contraception primarily outside the family.

Putting sex education in its place.

Journal of School HealthVolume 51, Issue 4 p. 211-213 Putting Sex Education in its Place Carol Cassell, Carol Cassell Carol Cassell, PhD, Director of Education, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 810 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019.Search for more papers by this author Carol Cassell, Carol Cassell Carol Cassell, PhD, Director of Education, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, 810 Seventh Avenue, New York, New York 10019.Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1981 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1981.tb02171.xCitations: 3 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume51, Issue4April 1981Pages 211-213 RelatedInformation

A note on Albania

Hard facts about the religious situation in Albania have been hard to come by. The section on Albania in Discretion and Valour* was the least satisfactory. But the recent break in the close relations between Albania and China shows that something is moving. Sooner or later there will emerge more ways of penetrating the curtain of secrecy. Even now a systematic enquiry for crumbs of information from the Albanian minori. ties in Yugoslavia and Southern Italy would begin to. build up a picture. And this should be done. But so far in Keston College we have lacked resources to study Albania as we would wish. Unfortunately none of us knows Albanian. But there are strong links between the Greek province of Epiros and Southern Albania which the Greeks call Northern Epiros. The population is mixed on both sides of the border and many Greek families have relatives in Albania. . In these circumstances· some news if not much does come across the border. And it is possible to read the Albanian newspapers which, like those in other communist countries, sometimes reveal more than they intend. The relevant information is now being collected in Greece and some of it is published in modern Greek, a language which is more widely accessible than Albanian. I recommend particularly To Lykophos Ton Theon Stin Alvania (The Twilight . of the Gods in Albania,· 72 pp. no price), published in Chicago in I976 by the Panepirotic Federation of America and Canada. t . Albania is the only country in the world where all manifestations of religion are forbidden by law and, when detected, are severely punished. Yet it is clear that religious faith and religious practice continue. The pamphlet referred to above is ,valuable for giving Greek translations of

1966-1977: A Look at the Record

In this speech made upon receipt of the Margaret Sanger Award of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America it is pointed out that 10 years ago the U.N. was not willing to discuss family planning while in 1974 a conference was held to discuss the subject. Over the past decade great strides have been made in awareness funding policies programs trained personnel more effective methods and radical changes have taken place in attitude. 10 years ago the debate was between religion and family planning. Today it is between those who feel that development is the best contraceptive and those who believe that family planning is essential to development. The ultimate goal is to have free flow of information about family planning free access to medically approved means in accordance with individual conscience and a minimum of legal and cultural pressure on fertility behavior. Then the trade-offs between childbearing and other ends of life will have found their free and rational level.

Current Status of Elective Sterilization in the United States

The desire for smaller families has brought about a change in obstetrics and gynecology with more and more women asking for contraception and elective sterilization. Surveys conducted in 1970 and 1973 found couples choosing sterilization increased from 16.3% to 23.5%. In 1973, 33.7% of couples with wives over age 30 had chosen sterilization. In 1975, 174 sterilizations were performed for every 1000 births, 105 of these postpartum and 69 laparoscopic. The average physician performing laparoscopic sterilization does 62 per year or a little more than 1 per week. Attempts to perform them in clinics or doctors' offices have not proved satisfactory because of the potential major complications. However, they are commonly performed in the hospital on an outpatient basis. Major complication rate in the U.S. (complication requiring laparotomy) is 3.7/1000 cases and the death rate is 2.5/100,000. Compared with the recurrent annual risks of pills and IUDs, which are in the same range as this 1-time only procedure, it is easy to understand why more than 200,000 chose laparoscopic sterilization in 1975. Increasingly younger women are asking for sterilization but the physician is warned to use his common sense and make sure informed consent is obtained. Both the Association for Voluntary Sterilization and the Planned Parenthood Federation of America have patient instruction materials available. Reversibility is still questionable. Reversal of the most popular U.S. procedure, some form of Pomeroy postpartum sterilization, requires laparotomy with isthmic-ampullary anastomosis and has a 20-40% pregnancy rate and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. Electrocoagulation as performed in the U.S. destroys the entire isthmic portion of the tube and may require ampullary implantation for reversal. Relatively few have been performed. Microsurgery holds promise although to date fewer than 50 cases have been reported in the literature. Use of clips and bands may improve reversibility. Comparative techniques are briefly summarized. The most popular in the U.S. is postpartum Pomeroy, the 2nd laparoscopic sterilization with a 2-hole technique. Hysterectomy is popular, especially when other gynecological conditions are present; its use is falling with increase in availability of laparoscopy. Colpotomy, culdoscopy, and fimbriectomy are not greatly popular. Studies have given conflicting results for subsequent gynecologic symptoms after sterilization, 1 in Britian suggesting a higher incidence and 1 showing less. The effect on incidence of ectopic pregnancy has not been shown either, although with increased use of sterilization, figures should begin to be available. The Food and Drug Administration is regulating introduction of new devices in this rapidly growing field.

Offering Family Planning at the Work Site

The past 10 years may be thought of as the development decade of organized family planning services in the U.S. with infusions of public funds and supportive legislation stimulating the involvement of a network of some 3000 public and private agencies in provisions of services to low-income women. The Planned Parenthood Federation of America designed a pilot project in mid-1973 to evaluate the potential of family planning clinics in industrial settings. Clinics were initiated at the Newark Home office of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company and at the Hoffman-La Roche pharmaceutical company in Nutley New Jersey. The objectives were to discover: whether women employees would utilize a personal service such as a family planning at their places of employment; whether such clinics are cost-effective; and whether the clinics would provide women with an opportunity to initiate contraception or to upgrade their method. The findings of these experiments showed that the viability of a work site family planning clinic depend on: the age of female employees and their ability to obtain alternative family planning care; employees access to private physician care; wage levels and insurance coverage. The work site family planning clinic is helped by: existing medical facilities at a work site; managements cooperation; permission for inhouse publicity prior to the clinic opening and uring the early months of operation (the content of communications should focus on information rather than motivation); and along with contraception the associated health care aspects of the clinic should be stressed with emphasis on Pap smears breast examinations VD tests and medical referrals. To meet the family planning needs of employees there are also used: 1) the companys medical and support staff; 2) the family planning clinic at a site convenient to employees of a number of firms; 3) meetings of Planned Parenthood representatives with workers in various industries to discuss health issues (in 1974 Planned Parenthood of Essex County met with workers of various industries in Greater Newark area).

COMPARISON OF THREE CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS

This paper presents the results of a statistical study of three contraceptive methods (diaphragm with jelly or cream, vaginal foam, and jelly or cream alone) known as the Clinical Investigation Program of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (CIP) and conducted by the National Committee on Maternal Health (NCMH) for the purpose of evaluating their effectiveness and acceptability among clinic populations in the United States. The first phase of the study covered two traditional contraceptive methods—diaphragm with jelly or cream, and jelly or cream alone. It was begun in November 1959, with seven cooperating centers* located in cities scattered from the Atlantic to the Pacific seaboard, six of them affiliated with the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), and was completed in October 1962.1

The PPFA medical committee—1954–1964∗∗

A history of the activities of the Medical Committee of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America from 1954 to 1964 is outlined. The Medical Committees activities most notably covered discussion of new methods of contraception the inclusion of contraceptive methods in obstetrical textbooks and exhibits on PPFA services. The Committee took responsibility for dissemination of publications and referral of information requests to local affiliates. It sponsored conferences and established working relationships with other health organizations including the American Medical Association and the American Public Health Association. Centers for clinical testing of contraceptive methods were approved according to standards established by the Committee. Methods tested included oral contraceptives and IUDs. A summary is presented of the Committees past discussions concerning services to unwed women an issue of continuing concern.

Comparison of three contraceptive methods: Diaphragm with jelly or cream, vaginal foam, and jelly/cream alone

This paper presents the results of a statistical study of three contraceptive methods (diaphragm with jelly or cream, vaginal foam, and jelly or cream alone) known as the Clinical Investigation Program of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (CIP) and conducted by the National Committee on Maternal Health (NCMH) for the purpose of evaluating their effectiveness and acceptability among clinic populations in the United States. The first phase of the study covered two traditional contraceptive methods—diaphragm with jelly or cream, and jelly or cream alone. It was begun in November 1959, with seven cooperating centers* located in cities scattered from the Atlantic to the Pacific seaboard, six of them affiliated with the Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), and was completed in October 1962.1

United States: The PPFA Mobile Service Project in New York City

Improving family planning care for the poor will contribute little to solving population problems in the United States but it is a necessary condition for making other measures in the War Against Poverty effective. Research on programs in industrialized countries is also valuable to test the generality of lessons learned in Taiwan Korea and elsewhere. The Planned Parenthood project in New York here described indeed reinforces the conclusions of other studies previously reported in this bulletin. It confirms the greater effectiveness of personal contacts over public information and among the former of home visits over group meetings. The Mobile Service Demonstration Project is the first large-scale venture of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America into social science research. The design of the project was presented by Dr. Alan F. Guttmacher President of Planned Parenthood Federation of America at the Popultion Conference sponsored by the United Nations in Belgrade in 1965. This first progress report was prepared by Steven Polgar PPFAs Director of Research with the help of Mrs. Frances Rothstein Mrs. Miriam E. Manisoff Miss Cornelia Van Vleck and Miss Judy Weiner of the Research Department staff. (excerpt)

S. R. Bernstein

W HITE HOUSE consultant Esther Peterson has weathered more than one storm on the road to consumer protectionism. But last fall, as the President's adviser on consumer affairs, she was swept into a hurricane of controversy with the Advertising Federation of America. Mrs. Peterson promptly canceled an engagement to address the Federation's presidents' conference; and almost as promptly she was invited before a regional meeting of the American Association of Advertising Agencies. The controversy ...: was thoroughly aired in the advertising press. Before it ended, Advertising Age, a widely circulated newspaper of marketing, ventured to suggest how the industry might serve itself better. One can hardly expect to create consumer esteem for