The writer has had the opportunity of reading Parts I and II of this yearbook. He has not seen the papers submitted by his colleagues in Part III. Frankly, he laid aside Parts I and II with something of a depressed feeling. The implied criticism does not apply to all the contributions. Perhaps this feeling is unavoidable since the contributors are concerned with the nonetoo-promising present status of the Negro in the American social order. Obviously, the contributors, as is generally true, wrote out of their own ideological backgrounds, a mixture of their experiences and original equipments. There is, however, a remarkable, implied consensus not only that the Negro's present plight is unfortunate but that his future is far from reassuring. Moreover, there is a natural inclination, if not a demand, deeply rooted in most of us, that diagnoses should be followed by prescription and prognosis. The fact that neither of these may justly be demanded because of the nature of our contributors' tasks diminishes but does not wholly remove the desire. But let us start off under pleasant skies by admitting that the fault lies with the writer! The organization of this Yearbook all but requires that the contributions, save those of the third part, should be atomistic in approach. The contributors were invited to take the whole apart to see what makes the wheels go around. But the atomistic approach has its limitations because even a complete analysis of a complex into its parts cannot possibly tell the full story. In the biological field, especially in psychology, within the last two decades there has grown up a scientific concept known as a Gestalt or configuration.1 A fundamental notion of this concept is that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Every item of reality is in its own right an integrated whole, subject to the law of field properties. Natural laws are laws of systems of forces, not of mechanisms. A possibly inadequate illustration is that of a sphere in a planetary system which is not characterized by exact mechanical and multi-duplicated behavior, but rather by change and unique variation. This seems to be nature's way. Man makes machines. The concept enjoys a rather wide application to phenomena in all fields of knowledge. Without committing ourselves too completely to so daring a view, we may use some of its implications to silhouette our meaning. It seems quite natural to carry the conception over into the social area without too much systematic apology. By analysis alone one fails to see the forest because of obstruction by the trees. Analysis, therefore, should be followed by synthesis, and this seems to be the dominant purpose of the third part of this Yearbook, that of delineating in perceptible outline
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