American Research Research Articles

«Двуголосие» и динамика национальной идентичности в русской и афроамериканской литературе

This review is dedicated to the book by the American researcher, a famous specialist in the field of literary comparative studies, Dale Peterson, “Up from Bondage. The Literatures of Russian and African American ʽSoul’.” D. Peterson’s work represents the first study that draws a parallel between the evolution of Russian and African-American cultural identities in literary works and analyzes the phenomenon of the “folk soul.” The study is distinguished not only by its innovative approach and high scientific significance but also by its careful research of archival materials, manuscripts, and letters from the authors, which creates a solid basis for subsequent theoretical generalizations. Using the concept of the “polyphonic novel” by M. M. Bakhtin and the theory of culturally embedded speech acts he developed, Peterson concludes that the dynamics of development and deep mentality of Russian and African-American literature are similar.

«Не всякому виден труд редактора…»: Рецензия на новую книгу о М. Н. Каткове

The article presents a review of the monograph by Susan Fusso, an American researcher, and professor of Russian, East European, and Eurasian languages at Wesleyan University, published by Bibliorossika Publishing House and devoted to the role of an authoritative journalist, editor, and publisher of the largest organs of the Russian conservative press M. N. Katkov — in the formation of the concept of the Russian novel of the second half of the 19th century. The author’s attention focuses on Katkov’s relationship with the major Russian writers of the second half of the 19th century, I. S. Turgenev, F. M. Dostoevsky, and L. N. Tolstoy. Based on a broad historical and literary context, a scrupulous analysis of the journalistic speeches of the journalist and the literary texts of Turgenev, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy, the researcher rethinks the importance of Katkov in the literary process of the 1860s and 1880s. The review describes the structure of the monograph, and the range of issues raised in it, highlights the most successful and original author’s conclusions, and outlines the prospects for further research.

Experience of co-injection of pulverized coal and natural gas into blast furnace hearth under the conditions of PJSC "KAMET-STEEL"

The article provides an analysis of the practical and analytical results of the methods of co-injection of pulverized coal and natural gas into the hearth of blast furnaces by American researchers and practitioners. The analysis shows the advantage of supplying natural gas, as well as pulverized coal, through the lance into the blow channel of the tuyere device. Practical results obtained for the first time in Ukraine of co-injection of pulverized coal and natural gas into the hearth of a blast furnace in unstable charge and fuel conditions of PJSC "KAMET-STEEL" are presented. Practical experiments have proven the efficiency of such injection when fuel additives are injected onto separate lances into the blow channel of the tuyere device, and the natural gas lance is withdrawn so that its combustion occurs before the injection of pulverized coal into the blow channel. The effectiveness of the practical application of the method of co-injecting pulverized coal and natural gas into the hearth of a blast furnace is expressed in a reduction in the specific coke consumption by 10.3 kg/ton of cast iron (or 2.85 %) at a consumption of pulverized coal — 153.4 kg/ton of cast iron and natural gas — 24.5 m3/ton of cast iron. The results obtained allow us to recommend this method of injecting fuel additives under acceptable price conditions, as well as at other metallurgical plants, especially those operating with better conditions for ensuring high temperatures of hot blast — more than 1050 °C. As a result of the analytical studies performed, it was established that: nozzles with two inlets for natural gas and pulverized coal, ensuring the introduction of natural gas into the blast channel before pulverized coal, contribute to the maximum burnout rate of the latter in the blast flow; with this injection method, more methane natural gas is burned, more heat is released due to the combustion reaction, which leads to an increase in the blast temperature at the outlet of the tuyere.

Trends in horizontal gene transfer research in Salmonella antimicrobial resistance: a bibliometric analysis.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) favors the acquisition and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Salmonella, making it a major public health concern. We performed a bibliometric analysis to provide the current landscape of HGT in research on Salmonella AMR and identify emerging trends and potential research directions for the future. Data were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection and limited to articles and reviews published between 1999 and 2024 in English. VOSviewer 1.6.19 and CiteSpace 6.2.R1 software were used to conduct bibliometric analysis and visualize co-occurring keywords. A total of 1,467 publications were retrieved for analysis. American researchers contributed the most articles (n = 310). In the meantime, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement have the highest citation/publication rate of 85.6. Recent studies have focused on the application of whole genome sequencing (WGS), Salmonella quinolone and colistin resistance, and the biocontrol of Salmonella AMR. These findings provide new insights into the role of HGT and help identify new targets for controlling the spread of AMR in Salmonella populations.

An analysis of meiofauna knowledge generated by Latin American researchers

An analysis of meiofauna knowledge generated by Latin American researchers

Disease-modifying therapy initiation patterns in multiple sclerosis in three large MS populations.

Treatment guidelines recommend early disease-modifying therapy (DMT) initiation after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Multinational comparative studies that assess time to DMT initiation in MS may allow detection of barriers inherent to healthcare systems to explain potential adverse systematic delays in commencing DMTs. To investigate and compare the time to first DMT and its association with sociodemographic and clinical variables after MS diagnosis in three large MS registries. This observational study was conducted using data from the German MS Registry (GMSR), the North American Research Committee on MS Registry (NARCOMS, US data only), and the United Kingdom MS Registry (UKMSR, both self- and clinician-reported). Data from relapsing people with MS (PwMS), with a diagnosis of MS between 2014 and 2019, and available DMT and disability status were pooled using a meta-analytic approach. A total of 5395 PwMS were included in the analysis (GMSR: n = 2658; NARCOMS: n = 447; UKMSR: n = 2290). Kaplan-Meier estimates for the time to first DMT [median months (95% CI)] were 2.0 (1.9-2.0), 3.0 (2-4), and 9.0 (7.7-10.6) for GMSR, NARCOMS, and UKMSR, respectively. Pooled multivariable Cox regression demonstrated shorter time to first DMT for PwMS diagnosed after 2017 [1.65 (1.42-1.92), p < 0.01], and longer time to DMT when a higher-efficacy DMT was selected (0.69 (0.54-0.90), p < 0.0001]. Time to DMT initiation differs across the populations studied, indicating that barriers may exist in early access to DMT, particularly in the United Kingdom. However, a consistent decrease in time to DMT initiation was noted since 2017 across all registries. Further studies are warranted comparing the effects of time to DMT and time to higher-efficacy DMT on long-term outcome.

The Relationship between Healthy Eating Index and Lipid Profile in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review.

The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) are instruments developed by competing American research teams, aiming to assess the level of adherence to a dietary pattern, claimed to prevent chronic illness conditions such as dyslipidemia. This systematic review evaluated cross-sectional studies examining the association between HEI/AHEI score and the lipid profile in healthy participants. The systematic review was Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) compliant, and a search process was conducted through Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, Cochrane, PubMed, and ScienceDirect up to November 2022. Studies assessing the relationship between HEI/AHEI and lipid profile (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG)) were eligible for inclusion. The statistical differences in outcomes, anthropometric indices, and demographic data were extracted from the selected studies. Also, the quality assessment of studies was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. The systematic search presented 17 cross-sectional studies. Most of the studies revealed a significant correlation between HEI score and lipid profile (LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and TC) (P < 0.05), while a few of them indicated a significant relationship between AHEI score and these factors. Overall, the elevation of HEI/AHEI score was associated with the improvement in lipid profile (P < 0.05), though this association was more obvious for HEI compared with AHEI. Overall, the results of the study indicated that an improved lipid profile in healthy individuals is associated with a higher score in either HEI or AHEI. Further research in the future is required to confirm the claim.

Research Workshop on Bacillus in Clinical and Agricultural Environments 29th Feb – 1st Mar 2024, Umeå University, Sweden

This event was inspired by the 2023 European Spores Conference and BACT Conference. These events bring many research groups together on spores and the common causative species, primarily Bacillus. However, to bring the latest knowledge to solve “real-world” problems brought by spores and Bacillus species, we wanted a dedicated event that facilitates knowledge transfer. Thus, the idea for this workshop was born. The focus of this event is to exchange knowledge between academia and other sectors, like agriculture or biosafety, where Bacillus species are a problem with substantial costs. We have speakers covering topics from Bacillus genomics to spore structure and opportunities in industry to decontamination. We hope this event will help communication and collaboration between universities and industries. We are thankful for those who have made the trip here and hope you enjoyed the meeting and the wintry aesthetic of the city as a whole. About Umeå University Formally established in 1965, Umeå University is a comprehensive university covering research and education in medicine, science and technology, social sciences, arts and humanities, and educational sciences. Our cohesive campus environment enables a dynamic and open culture with a strong sense of community. Here, we have over 35000 students and over 2000 researchers that help to promote factfulness and contribute to scientific progress. In 2020, Emmanuelle Charpentier was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her discovery of the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9. A discovery she made during her time as a researcher at Umeå University. The prize was awarded jointly to Emmanuelle Charpentier and the American researcher Jennifer A. Doudna. Emmanuelle is an honorary doctor at Umeå University, a former visiting researcher at the Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, UCMR, and a former research leader at the Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, MIMS.

The Development of Moral Values of School Children with Visual Impairments Folk Music

The relevance of the presented paper is conditioned upon the fact that today, the subject of the development of moral values in children with visual impairment through musical motifs of folklore is a very understudied issue. However, based on the statistics of the World Health Organisation for 2021, about 2.2 billion people worldwide have visual impairments. The purpose of this paper is to study the features of the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of children with visual impairments, their moral development, and the development of ways of spiritual and moral education through folk music. To achieve this purpose, the following methods were used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction, statistical analysis, and deduction. In particular, the method of statistical analysis of sources of American, Kazakh, and Russian researchers within the boundaries of the subject was used. The practical basis was the statistical data of the WHO company for 2021. The result of the study was a complete analysis of the statistics of children with visual impairment in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study’s main conclusion is that modern methods of teaching children with visual impairment are based on the musical accompaniment of educational activities since the musical form allows the development of moral values. Visually impaired students are characterised by insufficient development of the visual-imaginative level of mental activity, which determines the uniqueness of specific conceptual thinking due to visual perception disorders and limited visual experience. The alienation of a child with visual impairments from others entails secrecy and lack of communication, which can be expressed in a large volume of complexes in the future. The applied value of this paper lies in the development of recommendations for improving the system of pedagogical education of children with visual impairment through folklore-applied developmental classes.

Myxomycetes in the Antarctic: A review

This work summarize the results of Myxomycetes collections carried out by European and South American researchers on Antarctic ice free areas during the last fifty years. An annotated list and an identification key for the nine species with confirmed occurrence on the continent are presented.

Book remediation in audiovisual arts through the lens of video games

The article undertakes a comprehensive examination of the phenomenon of book remediation through the lens of the theoretical framework presented by American researchers J. Bolter and D. Grusin. Drawing on statistical data illustrating the role of books in the lives of Ukrainians, the author validates the assertion that books no longer occupy a central position in the leisure pursuits of contemporary individuals. However, it is intriguing to note that the majority of today's popular media actively engage in the process of remodeling books. Defined inherently as multimedia, contemporary audiovisual art is characterized by remediation, with video games chosen as the most technologically advanced exemplar within this genre. Notably, the analysis reveals a significant gap in previous research, specifically, the lack of attention to the nuanced connection between the characteristics of remediating books in the context of video games. A key revelation is that the frequency of remediating books through video games is contingent on the genre, with games prioritizing gameplay mechanics over plot exhibiting a lower propensity for book remediation. The form of remediation in such video games is conditional, primarily associated with the intricacies of the game interface. Conversely, in narrative-centric video games, remediation tends to involve a more direct interaction with the book. Expanding beyond the initial scope of inquiry, the study identifies and scrutinizes additional factors influencing remediation. The setting of the game and the player's perspective emerge as crucial variables, with book remediation more prevalent in video games set in fantasy archaic or modern environments compared to those set in fantastical realms. An equally significant factor, rivaling genre influence, is the player's perspective, notably observed in first-person games which exhibit a propensity to eschew hypermedia in their interaction with the game world — a tendency most pronounced in video games leveraging virtual reality technology.

On (missing) links between German, Latin American, and French Mediatization Research: Reflections on Diverse Research Milieus and Their Traditions

Mediatization research is no European invention, being also rooted in Latin American Cultural Studies and semiotics. Building on an analytical scheme on how to analyze the history of a study field in communication research in terms of its corpus of ideas and its social corpus, this article discusses the transnational (dis-)connections in the field of mediatization research regarding a) the Latin American and French roots of this research field and b) by trying to answer why they are still so unknown, at least in German communication studies. Still today, E. Verón, Martín-Barbero, A. Mattelart, and others are more or less unknown authors in German communication studies.

WORK-LIFE BALANCE: CONCEPTUAL FIELD OF INTERPRETATIONS

In their legislative actions and political strategies, the EU’s countries integrate the promotion of sustainable economic and social development, justice, and equality policies with efforts to address worklife balance and personal life matters. Modern corporations, driven by a focus on economic success, are developing and implementing their work-life balance strategies for employees. Studies by European- American researchers define the balance between work and personal life as a significant component both of social quality of life and decent work. Nevertheless, in Ukraine, aspiring for European integration, the matter of preserving work-life balance still warrants attention from scientists, policymakers, and managers. This article's purpose is to explore the various definitions and interpretations of the key concept 'work-life balance' found in contemporary scientific literature. It aims to identify the range of attributes inherent in the phenomenon referred to as 'work-life balance.' The article conducts a classification of conceptual approaches for interpreting this concept, outlines its fundamental characteristics based on a comprehensive review of the specialized literature, and highlights the cognitive potential and limitations of specific conceptual models. The authors categorize conceptual models of work-life balance into two distinct clusters: 1) Attributive models, which place emphasis on either subjective or objective characteristics of balancing work and personal life; 2) Relational models, which aim to illustrate the connections between different life spheres. The second cluster comprises concepts that vary in their focus on segmenting or exploring the mutual influences between key life domains, highlighting the nature of these influences in terms of balance or conflict. Heuristic perspectives in the conceptualization of the work-life balance concept are evident in synthetic models capable of encompassing both objective and subjective aspects of the phenomenon. These models recognize the intricate relationships between various life domains, extending beyond the simple dichotomy of harmony vs. conflict. They also consider the potential for synergistic effects, such as compensation, mutual reinforcement, and the transfer of effects. This work contributes to the advancement of the work-life balance concept and its potential empirical application in sociological studies related to quality of life, decent work, and the evaluation of socially oriented development strategies for both states and corporations.

Stages of Media Studies Development in Western Sociology: Formation of Propaganda Models and Their Influence on Changes in the Public Mass Consciousness

At the end of the 1920s and the beginning of the 1930s, scientists became interested in the media as a subject of research, and there was also a concrete practical implementation of the technologies of mass media influence in political life. The defining feature of this period was the limitless power of the mass media to influence human behavior through persuasion, and the impetus for such conclusions was given by the successes of the Entente states in the First World War. Also, the targeted influence of the media on the public and the development of the PR system helped not only the American presidents to influence the domestic audience in the USA and beyond, but also the large-scale propaganda influence helped A. Hitler comes to power. At the first stage of the study of mass communications and the theory of propaganda, two scientific directions are distinguished: the Chicago school of pragmatism, represented by American researchers, and the Frankfurt school, which was developed by European scientists. Analysis of their research demonstrated the superiority of one-way communication, and the means of mass-communication influence was the power of persuasion, with the help of which the audience was deprived of critical thinking and turned into passive participants in communication. This laid the foundation for the first theories of propaganda, which were effectively used to achieve foreign policy goals by the then leaders.

Opportunities and challenges of computer aided diagnosis in new millennium: A bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023.

After entering the new millennium, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is rapidly developing as an emerging technology worldwide. Expanding the spectrum of CAD-related diseases is a possible future research trend. Nevertheless, bibliometric studies in this area have not yet been reported. This study aimed to explore the hotspots and frontiers of research on CAD from 2000 to 2023, which may provide a reference for researchers in this field. In this paper, we use bibliometrics to analyze CAD-related literature in the Web of Science database between 2000 and 2023. The scientometric softwares VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to visually analyze the countries, institutions, authors, journals, references and keywords involved in the literature. Keywords burst analysis were utilized to further explore the current state and development trends of research on CAD. A total of 13,970 publications were included in this study, with a noticeably rising annual publication trend. China and the United States are major contributors to the publication, with the United States being the dominant position in CAD research. The American research institutions, lead by the University of Chicago, are pioneers of CAD. Acharya UR, Zheng B and Chan HP are the most prolific authors. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Medical Imaging focuses on CAD and publishes the most articles. New computer technologies related to CAD are in the forefront of attention. Currently, CAD is used extensively in breast diseases, pulmonary diseases and brain diseases. Expanding the spectrum of CAD-related diseases is a possible future research trend. How to overcome the lack of large sample datasets and establish a universally accepted standard for the evaluation of CAD system performance are urgent issues for CAD development and validation. In conclusion, this paper provides valuable information on the current state of CAD research and future developments.

FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING AND WEALTH LOSS IN OLDER ADULTS WITH EARLY MEMORY LOSS: THE WALLET STUDY

Abstract Angisani and Lee (2019) used the HRS to determine that wealth loss was related to early memory loss. Using methods described elsewhere (Lichtenberg et al., 2022), we investigated personal finance behaviors and wealth loss. using 12 months of checking account statements and follow up interviews with 114 older adults; 67 of whom had self-reported cognitive impairment (CI), and two-thirds of who were African American. Participants were largely recruited from research registries with the Michigan ADRC and the Michigan Center for Urban African American Aging Research. Mean age was 72 years mean education was 15 years, and 70% of the sample were women. There were no differences between the group on demographic variables, financial literacy (3-item Lusardi and Mitchell scale) or annual income. Bivariate analyses (t tests) indicated that those with CI were significantly more likely to suffer wealth loss across the 12 month period. Those with CI had significantly poorer scores on a person-centered financial decision making scale, and reported significantly lower IADL skills. In addition, those with CI were more likely to financially helping others on a regular basis, and reported a higher rate of financial exploitation. Correlations between wealth loss and CI (r=.22; p&amp;lt;.05), decision-making (r=.54; p&amp;lt;.05) and helping others on a regular basis (r=.51; p&amp;lt;.05). A logistic regression predicting wealth loss resulted in two measures significantly predicting wealth loss; financial decision-making and helping someone else financially on a regular basis. Conclusions: (1) early CI is related to wealth loss and (2) decision-making intersects with wealth loss.

MEMOIRS AS EGO-DOCUMENTS: VECTORS OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL NARRATIVE, PRINCIPLES OF USE AND INTERPRETATION

Abstract &#x0D; The purpose of the article is to analyse and review the views of foreign scholars on the problem of memoir sources, their interpretation as ego-documents; to clarify modern theories and discourses on the motivation and vectors of internal narration; studies on the interpretation of self-presentation, the construction of plot structures in memoirs/autobiographies; to highlight the interplay of social construction on memory and understanding your own self. Methodology. The principles of historicism, objectivity, multifactoriality, systematicity, socio-cultural, anthropological, and critical-analytical approaches were followed in the course of the study. The methods of historiographical analysis and synthesis, comparative studies, scientific criticism, systematic and analytical, and historical and comparative methods were used. The scientific novelty lies in the disclosure of the conceptual approaches of foreign humanities to the study of the source potential of memoirs, event reflection display problems, memory in written self-presentation. It is found that historical science, sociology, philology, and psychology are actively appeals to memoir/autobiography studios as a unique source of personal experience, imagination, and demonstration of the variability of representation of the past.&#x0D; Conclusions. So, memoirs serve as a tool for studying socio-cultural components, historical context, and identity. Today, ego-history is gaining popularity through the dissemination of interventional autobiographies, which are used by historians themselves, constructing history in real time in the first person. Thus, ego-documents significantly expand the scope of academic discourse and demonstrate the relationship between the individual and the collective. A distinctive feature of the contemporary views of American researchers and authors is the identity, the unification of the terminology of memoir and autobiography, that is, the emergence of a hybrid form. Memoirs are an expression of a substitute tradition in relation to the official tradition, giving autonomy to an individual vision. Memoirs play a social role in historical reconstruction. Memoirs/autobiographies are sources of "authentic" knowledge of everyday life on a certain continuum, the history of imagination and values, as opposed to abstraction. The meanings of the experience are merged into semantic formats and organised into vectors of autobiographical narrative. The historian who works with ego-documents as written codes in the course of research gains new knowledge that reveals the specifics of unknown facts and destroys the stability of already conventionally or factually formed opinions, i.e. initiates revisionism of information and a revolution in already established statements that are equated with canons.

Communication Processes in the Communication Office Government Speech Formats: A Discursive Analysis of the News Published on the Rn Government Portal

The article presents an approach to the discourse produced by government communication offices, based on the communication developed in the news published in the institutional media of government agencies, as a public power. It highlights the relevant need to do Public Communication, respecting equal rights, through equity applied between political and governmental communication, in defense of public interests in the production of news content. In this context, it makes an clipping from Brandão's dissertation (2023). It fosters a discussion that supports the practical development of communication based on democratic principles and the exercise of citizenship, through the institutional information built. This research work aims to contribute theoretically and empirically, with Latin American research in the field of media communication, which defend the applicability of Public Communication. In addition, the study aims to expand this discussion on the international scene, to promote theoretical-empirical knowledge of the theoretical perspectives of PC and French Discourse Analysis (DA), which are the main study methods used in the research. It is intended to encourage future publications by researchers who are interested in the theme of construction public discourse. The results show the predominant types of communication in the 14 news analyzed, verifying the democratic contributions of the Communication Office of the Government of Rio Grande do Norte, however it is verified that the communication exercised, presents in the production of meanings of the narratives, more discursive elements of a political-governmental communication.

A metascience investigation of inclusive, open, and reproducible science practices in research posters at the 2021 SRCD biennial meeting.

Over the past decade, there has been a growing appreciation of metascience issues in psychological science. Using data collected from 2615 posters presented at the 2021 biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, this article examines the use of transparent research practices to increase rigor and reproducibility as well as generalizability through greater inclusivity of diverse samples. Research presented through poster presentations was heavily skewed toward quantitative studies featuring American researchers using Western hemisphere samples. Sharing of data/materials, preregistrations, and replications were uncommon. During a time when governments are increasingly requiring more open practices and access, this research provides an important baseline by which developmental science can benchmark progress toward the goals of greater inclusivity and openness.

STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT OF FRAGILE ARCHAEOLOGICAL GLASS BY LOSS COMPENSATION USING ACRYLIC SHEETS.

The current paper discusses a new technique for restoring glass artifacts with gaps and loss of fragility. Acrylic slides of Paraloid B-44 are the best in terms of use because the degree of glass transition (Tg) is about 60, which suits the temperature in Egypt. The slides were made with 40% Paraloid B-44 w/v in acetone and used to fill the lost parts for structural reinforcement. The paper also aims to study the glass vessel that was discovered in the excavations of the American Research Centre in Fustat in 1966 and kept in the stores of the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo. The glass vessel was examined by optical digital microscopy (ODM) and ultraviolet imaging. After that, it was analysed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an EDX unit and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Then, the conservation processes were performed. The conservation of the glass vessel included disassembling the previous restoration, cleaning, reassembling, filling and supporting the lost parts, and consolidation. The study concluded important results about the composition of the glass, deterioration factors, and identifying the materials of the previous restoration that were found inappropriate and required removal and conservation. It also clarified the method and importance of using acrylic (paraloid B-44) slides in strengthening the fragility and thinness of glass artifacts.