American Psychological Association Research Articles

In Case You Haven't Heard…

Both conservative and liberal Americans share fake news because they don't want to be ostracized from their social circles, according to research published by the American Psychological Association, a March 9 news release stated. “Conformity and social pressure are key motivators of the spread of fake news,” said lead researcher Matthew Asher Lawson, Ph.D., an assistant professor of decision sciences at INSEAD, a business school in France. “If someone in your online tribe is sharing fake news, then you feel pressure to share it as well, even if you don't know whether it's false or true.” The research was published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. The proliferation of fake news contributes to increasing political polarization and distrust of democratic institutions, according to the Brookings Institution. But fake news doesn't always proliferate because of dark motives or a call for action. The researchers began studying the issue after noticing people in their own social networks sharing fake news seemingly without malicious intent or ideological purpose. Many complex factors contribute to people's decisions to share fake news so reducing its spread is difficult, and the role of social media companies isn't always clear, Lawson said.

Bilişsel-Davranışçı Aile Terapisinin Etkililiği: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışmaların Sistematik Bir İncelemesi

Cognitive–behavioral family therapy (CBFT) is used for a wide range of psychological and physical problems in integration with different treatment protocols. Effectiveness of CBFT research studies on the control group are limited in literature, even though this treatment is used frequently. Although various studies highlighted the effectiveness of CBFT, no systematic reviews were conducted. The study aims to review randomized controlled trials on CBFT. The study used keywords to identify 402 related articles in commonly used psychology databases (ULAKBİM, American Psychological Association, Psychology Database, Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus). The PRISMA diagram was used for analysis. Studies assessed with control groups were included without a historical limitation. The articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Fourteen articles were evaluated in terms of sample characteristics, content, application methods, characteristics of control and comparison groups, assessment tools, and findings. The results indicated that CBFT is especially more effective than individual CBT, psychoeducation or waitlist for various issues, such as anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, pediatric bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, anorexia nervosa and chronic physical problems. The study inferred that CBFT can be used to improve mutual interaction between mental or physical problems with family. In other words, CBFT can be used to improve the effect of disorders experienced by one member on the family and the effect of the family on the disorders. In this manner, the risk of relapse can be reduced in the treatment of certain disorders. Therefore, the study suggests that CBFT should be used increasingly and that this field warrants further research.

Second Wind: Understanding How Academics from the Philippines Adjust to Retirement

Second Wind: Understanding How Academics from the Philippines Adjust to Retirement

Reviewing Record Keeping in Psychotherapy from Ethical Perspective

It is stated that the ethical framework of psychotherapy records is specified by applicable laws, the Ethic Code of the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Ethic Regulations of the Turkish Psychologists Association. Ethical standards, occupational limitations and legal obligations may in some cases contradict themselves or suggest acting in different ways. In situations that create ethical dilemmas like this, a guideline is needed that will facilitate the ethical decision-making processes of psychotherapists and help balance these requirements. This study, in which a decent case example is given at the end, has been made to address the stated need. This review aims to present a gradual and detailed presentation of the ethical framework regarding the psychotherapy records that start from the first session, continue throughout the process, and are kept after the therapy ends. It is thought that emphasizing the importance of keeping records in psychotherapy in terms of professional ethics will guide psychotherapists. While reviewing the subject; ethical principles and obligations regarding psychotherapy records, purposes of record keeping, characteristics and content of records, the confidentiality of records, client's access to records, sharing of records with third parties and destruction of records are included.

Effect of supervisor-subordinate Guanxi on employees work behavior: An empirical dynamic framework

Recently, the Chinese concept of guanxi (networks or business relationships) has drawn considerable attention and inspired researchers to explore its prevalence in diverse cultures. Accordingly, we examined the direct link between supervisor-subordinate guanxi and employee work behaviors (innovative work behavior and work engagement) by investigating the moderating effect of trust in the supervisor and the mediating effect of psychological empowerment. We collected data randomly from 510 employees (383 subordinates and 127 supervisors) working in China's manufacturing industry. The PROCESS macros operationalize the study constructs to test the presence of moderated mediation. All the hypothesized relationships are supported except the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the supervisor-subordinate guanxi and innovative work behavior relationships. The findings demonstrated that trust in supervisors strengthens the supervisor-subordinate guanxi's direct effect on psychological empowerment and its indirect impact on employees’ work behaviors. To promote positive employees and work behaviors, organizations can develop supervisor-subordinate guanxi that supports organizational goals. Ethics statementThis study was carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct by the American Psychological Association's (APA). All participants gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee of Jiangsu University, China.

Exploring perceived barriers for advancement to leadership positions in healthcare: a thematic synthesis of women's experiences

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the voices of women describing the perceived barriers for advancing to leadership positions in healthcare.Design/methodology/approachA systematic search was conducted through Elton B Stephans Company (EBSCO) host research platform using the databases Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) Complete and American Psychological Association (APA) PsycInfo. Nine papers were selected for this review. Thomas and Harden's (2008) method of thematic synthesis was used drawing from eight qualitative papers and one mixed methods paper describing women's lived experiences in, or advancing to, leadership positions in the healthcare sector. Analysis was conducted using three steps of thematic synthesis: the inductive coding of the text, the development of descriptive themes and the generation of analytical themes.FindingsThrough the method of thematic synthesis, six descriptive themes (barriers) emerged: internalised feelings, work–life balance, lack of support, stereotypes, discriminatory behaviours and organisational culture. From these, three analytical themes were identified: personal, interpersonal and organisational.Research limitations/implicationsThis review looked at nine papers and documented women's voices. However, the women were in disparate geographical areas across the world and did not consider the specific cultural context in which the women were located. The healthcare sector is very large, and therefore, whilst there are shared commonalities, the disparateness could be a limitation.Practical implicationsBarriers were categorised as either structural barriers or attitudinal barriers to determine the policy and practice.Originality/valueThis research is crucial to better understanding what remedies need to be implemented to address gender disparity in the sector.

Deliberate practice in systemic family therapy, ByAdrian J.Blow,Ryan B.Seedall,Debra L.Miller,Tony Rousmaniere, Alexandre Vaz: American Psychological Association.2023. $39.99 (paperback).

Journal of Marital and Family TherapyEarly View BOOK REVIEW Deliberate practice in systemic family therapy, By Adrian J. Blow, Ryan B. Seedall, Debra L. Miller, Tony Rousmaniere, Alexandre Vaz: American Psychological Association. 2023. $39.99 (paperback). Emma Clayton BS, Corresponding Author Emma Clayton BS clayte1@unlv.nevada.edu orcid.org/0009-0008-2135-682X Couple and Family Therapy Program, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Correspondence Emma Clayton, BS, Couple and Family Therapy Program, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA. Email: clayte1@unlv.nevada.eduSearch for more papers by this author Emma Clayton BS, Corresponding Author Emma Clayton BS clayte1@unlv.nevada.edu orcid.org/0009-0008-2135-682X Couple and Family Therapy Program, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Correspondence Emma Clayton, BS, Couple and Family Therapy Program, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA. Email: clayte1@unlv.nevada.eduSearch for more papers by this author First published: 24 March 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12638Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

While Poor and Lower Income Taxpayers Are Forced to Subsidize the Lifestyle of Well-To-Do Elites, Evidence in The Current Research Suggested No Reliable Data Have Ever Existed for Scientific Analysis That Suggested Pollution or Manmade Contribution to Climate Change: Presenting Eddison Walters Climate Change Research Deception and Misinformation Theory

There is no debate the climate on earth is changing but research conducted by Walters and Djokic (2022) presented evidence that established, studies that attribute pollution or manmade cause and effect in climate change research are based on junk science. The study presented evidence that suggested, scientific data analysis linking manmade causes or pollution to climate change does not exist. Walters and Djokic Quantitative Analysis Factor Distortion Theory expanded Eddison Walters Modern Economic Analysis Theory which was developed by Walters (2020A) and was expanded by Walters and Djokic (2022). Walters and Djokic Quantitative Analysis Factor Distortion Theory which was explained in Walters and Djokic (2022) resulted in proposed changes by the researchers to restore the reliability and creditability of data analysis in scientific research. The researchers called for the implementation of changes to American Psychological Association (APA) standards aimed at avoiding junk science such as research that incorrectly links pollution or manmade causes to climate change without scientific evidence based on scientific data analysis from being accepted into the body of literature as scientific research (Walters, 2020: Walters, 2021; Walters & Djokic, 2022). The foundation of Walters and Djokic Quantitative Analysis Factor Distortion Theory is grounded in the principle, of "all else being equal", which has been a long-established principle for the scientific analysis of data to ensure unknown factors do not distort the results of data analysis. The current study applied the principles of Walter and Djokic Quantitative Analysis Factor Distortion Theory for evaluating the creditability of directing taxpayer resources to green energy policies aimed and reversing climate change. The current study also considered what segment of the population benefits the most from green energy policies and what segment of the population shoulders the cost burden. The current study considered the opportunity cost of allocating taxpayer resources to implement green energy policy by considering challenges facing American taxpayers where the results of investments have quantifiable scientific measurements for successful implementation rather than committing resources to implement green energy policy with no quantifiable scientific measurements for successful implementation

The need for a measurement-based care professional practice guideline.

Professional practice guidelines (PPGs) are intended to promote a high level of professional practice and serve as an educational resource, providing pragmatic guidance in a clinical area for psychologists. Measurement-based care (MBC) is an evidence-based psychological practice with accumulating empirical support and alignment with patient-centered care. In connection with the American Psychological Association's Advisory Committee for Measurement-based Care and the Mental and Behavioral Health Registry, this article outlines various lines of support for the development and implementation of an MBC PPG. In addition to research evidence, we address the demonstrated need of this guideline across three domains: public benefit, professional guidance, and legal and regulatory issues. Consistent with the aspirational spirit of a PPG, this article proposes a draft PPG statement and highlights how an MBC PPG would improve service delivery, facilitate implementation of an evidence-based practice associated with symptom reduction, improved retention, and greater patient satisfaction, as well as create a framework that will better align changes in reimbursement models with patients' and providers' treatment goals. We also identify key future directions and critical gaps in MBC science and implementation that require attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Oppression is not "culture": The need to center systemic and structural determinants to address anti-Black racism and racial trauma in psychotherapy.

Psychology, and the United States more broadly, finds itself at yet another reckoning point with White supremacy and anti-Black racism. The American Psychological Association has even recently apologized for psychology's role in upholding systemic racism and White supremacy, and articulated expectations for psychology's role in dismantling systemic racism and White supremacy throughout psychology. Yet, the norms of White supremacy pervade our professional and individual consciousness, resulting in our radical movements toward a "culturally responsive psychotherapy" seeking to adapt to, and ultimately becoming quashed by, the very oppressive systems it seeks to upend. In this article, I argue first that to address anti-Black racism and racial trauma in psychotherapy, it is imperative to move beyond notions of "culture" and "identity" to a structural competency model of psychotherapy and psychotherapy training. Structural competency and examples of its integration are briefly discussed. I then offer and expand upon two additional recommendations: That we must learn about and incorporate the incredible work of Black, Indigenous, and people of color scholars who have offered robust guidance in how to engage in healing racial trauma in individual and family psychotherapy; and, that to ethically engage in and develop an antiracist psychotherapy equipped to heal racial trauma, we must individually and collectively engage in our own conscientization and radical racial healing. Throughout, I emphasize the importance of prioritizing the work of scholars of color, whose work I seek here to integrate and build upon, but do so as a low socioeconomic status-origin, White woman with disabilities scholar situated at complex axes of both privilege and oppression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Filling the Knowledge-to-Action Gap with Open Access Pedagogy: An Alternative Assignment Model

Knowledge translation (KT) is key to the scientific process, yet academic work produced often does not reach the public. In this article a unique undergraduate KT term assignment is presented where students summarize a large body of research into an artifact for public use. This assignment model may increase student engagement and learning outcomes while filling the knowledge-to-action translation gap. The option dovetails students’ and employers’ need for demonstrative performance prior to hiring, the academic push for publicly and freely available scientific knowledge (e.g., open access), and challenges involved with engagement with advanced material in both in-person and remote environments. The assignment is presented in the context of benefitting effective KT and enhancing open access to information; it is then analyzed using the American Psychological Association’s (APA) goals for undergraduates alongside Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning. Various APA goals accomplished through the assignment, benefits, limitations, and future directions are highlighted.

Behandlingsmetoders rolle i evidensbasert psykologisk praksis

In 1995 the report from the American Psychological Association on empirically supported treatments (EST) boosted the understanding that evidence-based practice rested on the premise of matching treatments with diagnoses. Evidence-based psychological practice (EBPP) was developed partly as a response to this premise and described a broader foundation for good practice. However, EBPP did not give clear answers on the role and significance of treatment methods in evidence-based practice. The question remains an issue and has implications for the organization of service delivery to people with mental disorders. The goal of this article is to explore how clinicians could reason when faced with the question of which treatment method to choose. Even though different treatment methods may not differ notably in outcomes, there is still a need to establish their efficacy through research before integrating them in service delivery systems. Moreover, uncertainties exist regarding what the healing elements of psychotherapy are, as do challenges regarding the classification and conceptualization of mental disorders. Individual adaptation is an essential feature of EBPP, which implies that EBPP should be conceptualized as a dynamic process of hypothesis-based testing of methods in consultation with the client. Keywords: diagnoses, psychotherapy, treatment methods, evidence-based practice

TELEPSYCHOLOGY WITH ITS INNOVATIONS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHODIAGNOSTICS

IntroductionThe types of Electronic-Based Therapy & Intervention are spreading rapidly, especially after the onset of COVID, and several authors are dealing specifically with digital psychology and psychiatry, implementing new techniques and methodologies (Festa, Martinotti, 2022).The latest technological innovations related to metaverse and holography are emerging as new digital mediums and a reflection on their potential in the psychological field is urgent. Telepsychology, which currently uses text, audio and video-based communication as a medium, will see the way to relate to the patient with the “new digital presence” amplified at 360 degrees. This will of course revolutionize some aspects of classic psychological intervention: “physical proximity” will have a completely different meaning. New technologies through the digital medium have the power to cancel space, thus allowing the intervention to be separated from the sharing of the same physical environment. The first great epochal upheaval produced by new technologies in the field of the psychological profession is precisely this: psychological intervention no longer necessarily coincides with the sharing of the same physical space, space and intervention becoming independent.ObjectivesWe will soon and increasingly refer to associations, national and international professional associations and institutions that deal with the subject, such as the American Psychological Association, the International Society for Mental Health Online, the Online Therapy Institute, to have guidelines on best practice with respect to psychological performance online. This will be accompanied by specific training courses for clinicians who decide to work using technological tools and courses related to telepsychology and the development of a professional online identity.MethodsHolographic technology will revolutionize our “internal and external world”, and it is the task of psychological science to cultivate questions and provide answers both on the impact that this technology will have on the life of the average man and on the possibilities of use for our profession. The distance of the real world from the digital one is getting smaller with each passing day.ResultsOur habits, our way of working, having fun have changed in different ways and in a very short time. Our physical, cognitive and sensory boundaries have expanded and our way of life has “evolved”.ConclusionsWe find ourselves passing through and going through a phase, which began in the 1980s, which is not without shadows and settles into mass cultural aspects. The contradictions, abnormal uses and abuses of technology, but which accompany every innovative transformation and which we should gradually manage wisely, are also typical of this phase. We will see what the future holds!Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Review of Headspace: Meditation and sleep.

Americans today report facing multiple stressors, including the COVID-19 pandemic (American Psychological Association, 2020), anxiety disorders (American Psychiatric Association, n.d.), chronic stress (Bergland, 2017), and more. As smartphones become increasingly ingrained in our society, many adults seek out self-directed stress management techniques facilitated via smartphone. A plethora of options are available, and mobile health applications have become increasingly popular in recent years (Lau et al., 2020). With over 70 million downloads across available platforms and users in over 190 countries (Headspace Inc., 2022), the mobile application Headspace may be one of the most well-known mobile health apps. As of May 2022; Headspace can be accessed via the mobile app or the product website (https://www .headspace.com/). (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Message from the incoming editor.

The Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology (CJEP) publishes rigorous experimental psychology research through a fair and constructive review process. CJEP is supported and managed by the Canadian Psychological Association, who partners with the American Psychological Association with respect to journal production. CJEP represents world class research communities that affiliate with the Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences (CPA), and the Brain and Cognitive Sciences section of CPA. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The Integration of Psychology & Christianity: A Domain-Based Approach

The Integration of Psychology & Christianity: A Domain-Based Approach

Supporting Antiracism Through the Thoughtful Conduct, Evaluation, and Use of Research

Supporting Antiracism Through the Thoughtful Conduct, Evaluation, and Use of Research

EFFECT OF THE 5 PRANAYAMAS VERSUS SUDARSHAN KRIYA ON NECK PAIN, STRESS AND ANXIETY IN COLLEGE GOING STUDENTS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Background: According to the American Psychological Association, anxiety and depression are both emotional responses that cause symptoms that are very similar, such as difculty sleeping, fatigue, muscle tension, and irritability. Whereas stress is usually caused by an external factor and is temporary, anxiety is persistent even in the absence of a stressor. Psychosocial factors are determinants, risk factors, and prognostic factors for neck pain. Aim: To nd the effect of the 5 Pranayamas versus Sudarshan Kriya on Neck Pain, Stress and Anxiety Methods and Material: Participants fullling the inclusion criteria were selected for the study. Informed and signed consent was taken from participants prior to commencing the study. Pre-readings were taken. Participants were randomly allocated in 2 groups, 15 in Group A and 15 in Group B respectively. Group A was given Sudarshan kriya and Group B was given 5 types of Pranayamas for 4 weeks 5 days a week for 30 minutes each day. Results: Paired and unpaired t test was used for within and between group analysis where p<0.05. Conclusion: The study concludes that Sudarshan kriya was more effective in reducing neck pain, stress and anxiety as compared to the 5 Pranayamas given individually.

Clinical Framework for Dismantling Antiblack Racism in the Clinic Room.

Children who identify as Black or multiracial report significantly higher exposure to adverse childhood experiences, which places them at greater risk for poor mental and physical health outcomes. These disparities and increasing awareness of racism as an adverse childhood experience has resulted in the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Psychological Association, and other groups declaring racism a public health crisis. To provide high-quality care, providers who engage with patients and families impacted by systemic racism must be aware of its role in health disparities. This requires clinicians to have the knowledge and skills to discuss racism with colleagues, patients, and families. To promote clinicians' competence to engage in these discussions, this article 1) sensitizes providers to historical and contextual factors that inform experiences with anti-Black racism and health disparities and 2) offers strategies to address anti-Black racism in clinical care.Embracing the process of brave, informed conversations about race represents a pathway for building trust between providers and patients, a key component of various health outcomes. Additionally, these foundational skills of reflection, cultural humility, and bias recognition will be needed to engage in allyship and advocacy both within and beyond the exam room.

Rebuttal to Christopher J. Ferguson's critique of the American Psychological Association's practice guidelines for boys and men

We played significant roles in the development of the APA Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Boys and Men (American Psychological Association, 2018). We address Christopher J. Ferguson's critique of the Guidelines, making six points: Criticisms of the Guidelines Tend to Reflect Anti-Feminist and Gender Essentialist Perspectives; The Guidelines Followed All Rules and Regulations Set Forth by the APA; The Guidelines Are Routinely Mischaracterized and Distorted By People Who Disagree with Them; APA Guidelines Are not Research Reports, Systematic Reviews, or Meta-Analyses; Ferguson Conflates Men With Masculinity; and Ferguson Makes Bold Claims Without Justification or a Familiarity with the Field.