American Nations Research Articles

Does county-level implicit national exclusion predict political participation among Asian Americans?

Asian Americans are often perceived as perpetual foreigners even when they are born and raised in the country. Such national exclusion is particularly evident when considering implicit biases that reveal American is more strongly associated with White than Asian identity. In the current research, we examined if living in a region where people implicitly associate American nationality more strongly with White over Asian identity predicts the political participation of Asian Americans living within the same region. Data from 36,838 participants through Project Implicit between 2004 and 2008 provided context-level information on implicit and explicit national exclusion (i.e., American = White belief), while data from 3,748 Asian Americans through the 2008 National Asian American Survey provided an index of political participation. Using data from 61 U.S. counties, multilevel modeling revealed that in counties with higher levels of implicit national exclusion of Asian Americans, Asian Americans reported higher (not lower) political participation. This effect emerged even after controlling for several additional county-level variables. Similar analyses using an explicit measure of context-level national exclusion yielded convergent findings. Asian Americans reported greater political participation in counties with higher aggregate-levels of implicit and explicit American = White associations. Possible mechanisms accounting for the unexpected and counterintuitive relation between the national exclusion of Asian Americans and political participation among Asian Americans are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Venezuela's Crisis: A Multifaceted Examination of Economic, Political, and Humanitarian Challenges

Venezuela's ongoing crisis has garnered international attention and concern due to its multifaceted nature. This article delves into the complex web of economic, political, and humanitarian challenges that have plagued the South American nation in recent years. It aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the factors contributing to Venezuela's crisis and its impact on both the country's population and the global community. The economic mismanagement, political turmoil, and humanitarian suffering in Venezuela have created a crisis with far-reaching implications for regional stability and international relations. This article underscores the urgency of finding a sustainable solution to Venezuela's crisis to alleviate the suffering of its citizens and restore stability to the nation, emphasizing the importance of international cooperation and diplomatic efforts in this endeavor.

Global Energy Demand and Forecasting: A Managerial Economics Perspective

A military war between Russia and Ukraine resulted from unusual military action by Russia against Ukraine. Comprehensive sanctions were imposed against Russia in the areas of energy, finance, the economy, and other areas by European and American nations. The Russian-Ukrainian wars, which have been the most significant security event in recent international politics, will surely induce changes and adjustments to European geopolitics, political order, the international rule system, as well as economic ties. This paper focuses on the study of Global energy demand and forecasting from the perspective of global management economics. This paper will show the analysis of energy demand in the form of charts and use the Reference method and Time series analysis respectively to forecast the future energy. However, human demand for energy will double in the future as population growth and other factors change.

CO2 Emissions in Air Transport: A Comparative Study Using Data Envelopment Analysis

The international community has been actively addressing the issue of reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as evidenced by various initiatives such as Rio 92, Rio +20, the Paris Agreement, and the 2030 Agenda. These endeavors aim to promote sustainability worldwide. While air transport accounts for only 2% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, its projected growth has spurred the exploration of new technologies to enhance aircraft efficiency. Consequently, further studies are necessary to assess the efficiency and impact of air transport on CO2 emissions in most countries. A methodology utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed in this study for this purpose. This methodology correlates the structure and annual air movement of 21 countries with CO2 production, considering it an undesirable output. The clustering method establishes the relationship between DEA efficiency, the number of airports, air traffic movements (landings and take-offs), and annual economic factors such as gross domestic product in these countries. Additionally, a regression analysis is conducted to examine the influence of air transport on CO2 emissions from transport systems. The findings reveal that the U.S. and China exhibit low efficiency as outliers because of their significant economic disparities. Other countries are grouped based on economic similarities, with South American nations such as Colombia and Chile showing lower air traffic movement efficiency compared with economically powerful European countries such as the UK and Germany. However, the impact of air transportation variables on CO2 emissions remains substantial.

Qur'anic Perspective on Social Religious Conflict Resolution Based on Culture of Togetherness and Rembugan in Indonesia

This study described the resolution of religious and social conflicts in Bantarkawung, Central Java, Indoensia; its contributing factors and how they aligned with the Qur'an's perspective. This study employed a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with participants in conflict resolution. During the Covid-19 period from 2020 to 2021, we collected data. This study found that the local government and religious leaders resolved conflicts based on the culture of togetherness in religious rituals and social works, fostering interactions and adhering to consensus-based "rembugan" to accept differences in religious understanding, particularly regarding ūlūl-amr. In this region, conflicts were typically resolved through conciliation, with a conciliator initiating the process. Additionally, the conciliator actively devised and formulated resolution steps for the disputing parties. This resolution was a combination of şulĥ (reconciliation) and taĥkīm (arbitration), according to the Qur'an. However, this research had limitations; consequently, it is necessary to conduct similar studies in other regions of Indonesia with distinct characteristics from the research area. Comparative studies would also be useful with countries that share similarities with Indonesia, such as Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Singapore and those that differ, such as Middle Eastern, Australian, American, and European nations.

Exceptionally Queer: Mormon Peculiarity and US Nationalism by K. Mohrman (review)

Exceptionally Queer: Mormon Peculiarity and US Nationalism by K. Mohrman (review)

De-exceptionalizing Sunisa Lee: Uneven Gymnastics and a Hmong American State-less Critique

Abstract: Hmong American gymnast Sunisa "Suni" Lee won the gold medal in the individual all-around event at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. This essay analyzes the media frenzy surrounding Lee's rise to Olympic stardom in US gymnastics. In particular, it focuses on how the media narrate Lee's family and Hmong ethnic history of being refugees to becoming an Olympic gold medalist. This essay deconstructs how the state exceptionalizes this history in the context of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics in service of the imperial US nation-state in ways that recuperates US empire and bolsters US nationalism. The essay reveals the ways that ongoing anti-Asian racism in the US contradicts the state's claim to Lee's gold medal. Ultimately, the essay argues that Hmong American writing during Lee's Olympic journey presents a "state-less critique" that situates Lee's success in her ethnic Hmong American community and not within the nation-state.

Where I’ve Been and Where We’re Going: Distant Differences in Academic Culture and the Work toward Inclusivity

Nancy Isenberg sums up fear of terms such as “white trash”: “‘white trash’ remind[s] us of one of the American nation’s uncomfortable truths: the poor are always with us.” Understanding culture as a narrative formation, which “means that it cannot be regarded as an isolated, or isolable, entity” (Lindquist 5), places “the poor” directly in relation to American academic culture. Sande Cohen’s true, yet much to be desired definition, “To say there is such a thing as ‘academic culture’ means that the processes of knowledge-production, socialization, labor distribution … and professionalization are in dispute,” provides backdrop for discussion. Specifically, “dispute” leaves room for stories that encourage discussions about cultural rhetorics, or “embodied practices of the scholar,” that connect “those who study it and those who live it,” beyond acknowledgment. The goal is to foster a learning environment in which students recognize that “becoming a responsible language user demands an understanding of the ways language inscribes difference” (Jarratt). Ultimately, I aim to highlight where and how discussing cultural rhetorics can reveal weak spots in educational institutions that are trying to diversify by connecting my cultural experiences as both “the poor” and someone within the institution.

"A Dreadful Wolf Loose in the Fold of Christ": St. Peter's Parish, Manhattan, 1806

Abstract: This essay reconstructs two accusations that roiled one of the early American nation's most prominent parishes, St. Peter's of Manhattan, in 1806. Both accusations involved violations of clerical celibacy. This small-scale study reveals the significant extent to which clergy, lay leaders, and prelate understood violations of clerical celibacy to threaten the reputation of Catholicism at a moment when Catholics were staking a claim to full participation in polity and culture. It demonstrates that despite concern over priestly misconduct, accusations were discussed only obliquely and addressed awkwardly and hesitantly. The array of perspectives evident in the archival record also offers a case study of the personal and institutional costs of alleged and real violations of celibacy: we see, albeit imperfectly, the thoughts and actions of clergy, of the bishop, and of a young woman who—in my evaluation of the evidence—was abusively treated.

Santa’s Got a Gun: A Case Study of Cultural Stereotypes Embedded in a Map

In the 20th century, the General Drafting Company was one of the “Big Three” American road map makers. When it came to the Company’s Christmas card maps cultural biases overrode their commitment to accuracy and high standards. Starting in 1930, General Drafting produced a series of Christmas card maps that featured Santa Claus. Cultural and regional stereotypes are highlighted in the 1930s maps; the 1950s maps also reveal a prominent American nationalist worldview. Although Santa Claus generally serves as an avatar for the benevolent “Traditional American” who is generous and jolly, the Santa of General Drafting maps portray him differently. Santas are seen harvesting natural resources, hunting animals, and being shown deference by non-Americans while disparaging the Soviet Union. Most disturbingly, Santa is shooting a Native American in the back, and enslaving other Santas in Siberia. The abhorrent behavior is being cloaked by the kindly image of Santa Claus to make his (America’s) actions more palatable. These Christmas card maps are compelling and unique examples that illustrate how accurate cartography can be supplanted by deeply engrained cultural stereotypes and ideologies.

Unveiling the environmental efficiency puzzle: Insights from global green innovations

The latest surge of global uncertainty and disruptions in global supply networks put policymakers under pressure to emprise green innovations as a vital tool to address environmental concerns. However, producing green innovations doesn't always help in achieving environment-related sustainable development goals. Therefore, in this study, we endeavour to investigate to what extent green innovations are efficient in improving environmental efficiency. To this end, a network bias-corrected data envelopment analysis and clustering analysis is applied. The data used in this study covers 42 countries from different regions, spanning from 2000 to 2020. The results reveal that most countries have not made major advancements in environmental efficiency signifying the low level of green innovations utilization to achieve environment-related sustainable development goals (SDGs). Additionally, the results demonstrate a U efficiency curve for inputs-oriented green innovations efficiency over time, indicating that the initial stages of green innovations production are associated with a decreased return. However, over time, the efficiency exhibits an upward trend. The benchmarking analysis reveals that South American and European Union nations set the bar for other countries in terms of efficiently leveraging green innovations to achieve SDGs. Our findings also suggest that environmental efficiency is more dependent on green-supporting policies such as green energy production and green taxes. As a result, we conclude that achieving environmental SDGs while utilizing green innovations does not always result in the development of other SDGs. Therefore, policymakers need to prioritize pursuing a green developmental approach and supporting policies to achieve environment-related SDGs and other SDGs.

The Fiscal Reform Required for Mexico in 2025

The aim of this article is to analyse and explain why tax collection in Mexico is so low, as well as to propose some solutions to this serious problem. The work is framed under the deductive method, hermeneutic paradigm and a quantitative approach. Mexico is a country with a brutal income inequality, where the country’s tax burden in 2021 is only 14.7% of GDP (without social security contributions) when the average for Latin American countries is 17.9% and the average for Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries is 24.6% of GDP, a very significant difference of ten percentage points. In view of this, tax reform is essential, which in the first stage should seek to equalise with Latin American nations and in the second to come as close as possible to the OECD countries. JEL: H2: Taxation, subsidies and revenues; H3: Fiscal policies.

The Origins of Armenian Nationalism in the United States and the American Armenian Press (1880s-1920s)

The growing scholarship on the ethnic press in the United States has greatly contributed to our understanding of their functions within ethnic communities and in the broader society. This study, focusing on a sample of the Armenian ethnic press, demonstrates that in the formative stages of the Armenian immigrant community (1880s-1920s), the Armenian press promoted long-distance nationalism, on the one hand, and ‘cultural congruence’ between American and Armenian values, identities, and worldviews, on the other hand. Armenians arrived in the United States in increasing numbers beginning in the late nineteenth century, as they fled Ottoman persecutions and massacres, and the community further grew in the aftermath of the genocide during World War I. As Armenians established roots in their new environment, their cultural production during the period under consideration included more than one hundred dailies, weeklies, and monthly journals. These publications fell into three categories: nationalist/long-distance nationalist, religious, and non-political/professional. The Armenian ethnic papers catered to the tastes of nostalgic immigrants and emphasized the urgency of reforms in, or outright liberation from, the Ottoman empire. Thus, this case study demonstrates that the Armenian ethnic press propagated long-distance nationalism as they sought to forge community solidarity and to fortify cultural preservation. At the same time, they also promoted American values, the American Dream, active citizenship, and Americanization in general—a significant point regarding the paradoxical role of the ethnic press in host societies but often neglected in the literature on ethnonationalism and long-distance nationalism. This article also briefly discusses the long-term ramifications of Armenian ethnic cultural development as a diaspora community in the United States.

Profitable settlements: the earl of Warwick and toleration in the English Atlantic, 1643–8

Abstract This article examines the tolerationist policies of Robert Rich, second earl of Warwick, in response to religious disputes among English settlers in Bermuda and Rhode Island in the 1640s. It shows how Warwick’s newly established Committee for Foreign Plantations extended toleration to those godly Protestant settlers who were deemed useful to the militant confessional program of English colonization that Warwick and his allies had pursued for decades prior to the civil war. The territorial and evangelical expansion of Reformed Protestantism, in his view, depended upon the toleration of godly settlers, the enslavement of African-descended labourers and the subjection of Indigenous American nations to English sovereignty.

Plant Essential Oils as Biopesticides: Applications, Mechanisms, Innovations, and Constraints.

The advent of the "Green Revolution" was a great success in significantly increasing crop productivity. However, it involved high ecological costs in terms of excessive use of synthetic agrochemicals, raising concerns about agricultural sustainability. Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides resulted in environmental degradation, the development of pest resistance, and possible dangers to a variety of nontarget species (including plants, animals, and humans). Thus, a sustainable approach necessitates the exploration of viable ecofriendly alternatives. Plant-based biopesticides are attracting considerable attention in this context due to their target specificity, ecofriendliness, biodegradability, and safety for humans and other life forms. Among all the relevant biopesticides, plant essential oils (PEOs) or their active components are being widely explored against weeds, pests, and microorganisms. This review aims to collate the information related to the expansion and advancement in research and technology on the applications of PEOs as biopesticides. An insight into the mechanism of action of PEO-based bioherbicides, bioinsecticides, and biofungicides is also provided. With the aid of bibliometric analysis, it was found that ~75% of the documents on PEOs having biopesticidal potential were published in the last five years, with an annual growth rate of 20.51% and a citation per document of 20.91. Research on the biopesticidal properties of PEOs is receiving adequate attention from European (Italy and Spain), Asian (China, India, Iran, and Saudi Arabia), and American (Argentina, Brazil, and the United States of America) nations. Despite the increasing biopesticidal applications of PEOs and their widespread acceptance by governments, they face many challenges due to their inherent nature (lipophilicity and high volatility), production costs, and manufacturing constraints. To overcome these limitations, the incorporation of emerging innovations like the nanoencapsulation of PEOs, bioinformatics, and RNA-Seq in biopesticide development has been proposed. With these novel technological interventions, PEO-based biopesticides have the potential to be used for sustainable pest management in the future.

Analyzing the Legacy and Scientific Impact of Saeed-Ul Hassan: A Pakistani Scientometrician, Data Scientist and Winner of the Eugene Garfield Award 2017 and 2022

ABSTRACT This study highlights the scientific legacy and impact of Dr Saeed-Ul Hassan’s research on the world of science. He was a remarkable researcher in the fields of scientometrics, altmetrics, artificial intelligence, and data science, as evidenced by the Eugene Garfield Awards he received for innovation in citation analysis in 2017 and 2022. Based on datasets retrieved from the Scopus database for the years 2009–2022, he collaborated with 157 researchers from 22 different nations and his research findings are published in reputable journals and conferences. In the last five years of his life, his scholarly publications and scientific impact significantly increased. His significant attention to Open Access publications and high levels of worldwide collaboration have greatly contributed to his impact in the world of science. The results of altmetric studies indicate that Dr SU Hassan’s scientific publications are widely accepted by researchers on Twitter and Mendeley. The majority of individuals that tweeted and read his publications were from European and American nations. His research had the greatest impact on experts in the fields of scientometrics, computer science and social sciences, according to the classification of the readers of his research articles.

How Can Jewish and Non-Jewish People Collaborate to Improve Healthcare in the US? Considering Community, Autonomy, and Solidarity.

The coronavirus 2019 (COVID) pandemic has highlighted the ways in which municipal, state, and Federal agencies in the USA have failed to address the inequities of present-day health systems. As alternative organizing centers outside these agencies, local communities are potentially situated to redress the inequities of present-day health systems in a collaborative manner that demonstrates solidarity by supplementing a purely scientific model of medicine and healthcare. In the mid-twentieth century, the Black Panthers, a revolutionary African American nationalist organization that focused on socialism and self-defense, introduced highly influential free clinics, which sought to bring expertise to the Black community on their own terms. This required bringing the benefits of biomedicine to those who customarily had not seen them. By extension, their approach raises questions regarding community- and expertise-centered approaches for the Jewish community: how is it engaged in healthcare for itself (in its diverse subcategories) and for others? Moreover, understanding how the Jewish community has been ill-served by present-day health-care systems might spur Jewish institutions to reimagine how healthcare should work.

Obstacles to Federal Policy Adoption: The Case of Special Domestic Violence Criminal Jurisdictions in Native American Tribal Nations

A core tenet of representation is that individuals should expect government to actively protect their human security. In the issue area of domestic violence in the United States, government largely fails to do this for women, who comprise three-quarters of all victims of domestic violence. Nowhere is this more apparent than for Native American women living on tribal lands. In terms of lifetime physical violence, nearly 52% of Native American women will be physically abused compared to 30.5% of white women, 41.2% of African American women, and 29.7% of Hispanic women (Crepelle 2020; Institute for Women’s Policy Research 2023). One of the main obstacles to keeping Native American women safer is that tribal nations have been functionally prohibited from prosecuting non-Native offenders of violence against Native Americans on their lands. Non-Native offenders comprise the bulk of domestic violence abusers in these communities. To address this inequity, the 2013 Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) created Special Domestic Violence Criminal Jurisdictions (SDVCJs). Through an application process, federally recognized tribal nations can create these jurisdictions to provide justice for the many women who are victims of domestic violence at the hands of non-Native persons. In this article we explore which tribal nations created these jurisdictions using an original dataset of the 354 tribal nations that were eligible to adopt an SDVCJ following the 2013 VAWA reauthorization. As of 2022, 31 tribal nations have adopted SDVCJs across 13 states, which have led to 74 domestic violence convictions. In this article, we explain adoption of these courts as a function of population, tribal nation fiscal capacity, federal grant support, and having an existing self-governance compact with the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Rule of Law, budget and management by results of judicial institutions in latin america: an approximation

This approach is aimed at finding out if there is a relationship between the progress of the rule of law of Latin American nations, the implementation of results-based budgeting in judicial institutions, determining the influence and discerning the analysis accompanied by the perception of the Rule of Law in Latin America. This notion entails the hypothesis of discerning globally if, after the empirical analysis, the expected results have been achieved, complemented by the mechanisms of perception of the Rule of Law. The methodology used are regressive diachronic and comparative law analysis. The results confirm recognizing the Rule of Law as a significant and important element to locate the justice sector and, in turn, its budget component in terms of specific results, being informative to the extent that they are observed in the practice for those responsible for influencing the sector. Despite the fact that there may be progress in the institutionalization of the elements observed, what is worrying is observing that there has been a setback in the perception of the Rule of Law that exists in the region, since there are few countries evaluated that have progress after the elapsed time threshold. This approach adds to contribute to the mosaic of empirical research on the performance of the justice system by identifying and analyzing the behavior of judicial institutions related to their budgetary function, quantitatively with respect to their progress in relation to the Rule of Law and qualitatively related to the perception of the judicial institutions.

A “Savior of Isolation”: The Interrelationship between American Isolationism and the Idea of “Manifest Destiny” and Its Embodiment in Pre-World War I Diplomacy

Isolationist ideology made the United States at the beginning of its development more of an island encircled by the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans than a New World. However, after the formation of the American nation, “Manifest Destiny” became deeply embedded in the national beliefs based on Protestant culture over time. The former laid the foundation for the American position on internal and external affairs, while the latter determined the way Americans interacted with the outside world. At least until they took center stage on the world stage after World War I, isolation seemed to be the golden rule for Americans. Did “manifest destiny” put an end to isolationism, or did isolationism give rise to “divine destiny”? Or did the two complement each other and finally play a role in specific foreign policy decisions? These are the questions that accompany the history of the establishment and development of the United States and are worth exploring.