American Academy Of Orthopaedic Surgeons Guidelines Research Articles

143: A Prospective Evaluation of Risk Factors Affecting the Severity of Pediatric Trampoline Injuries

143: A Prospective Evaluation of Risk Factors Affecting the Severity of Pediatric Trampoline Injuries

Unanswered Questions, Unmet Needs in Venous Thromboprophylaxis

Although significant progress has been made over the past 25 years in preventing thromboembolic disease in patients undergoing total hip and total knee arthroplasty, important questions remain unanswered. Few would debate the need to seek a balance between maximal antithrombotic efficacy and minimal bleeding in choosing a thromboprophylactic strategy, but there is less agreement as to how efficacy should be defined, and whether efficacy and safety (however each is defined) are intrinsic to the thromboprophylactic agent chosen or depend as well on exogenous factors, ranging from the timing of drug administration to surgical technique. Differences between recent guidelines from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) illustrate these unanswered questions. The AAOS guidelines focus solely on preventing symptomatic pulmonary embolism and ignores the importance of other acute and chronic manifestations of venous thromboembolic disease. The ACCP, on the other hand, does consider these other manifestations of venous thromboembolic disease, and thus reaches very different conclusions about what constitutes effective thromboprophylaxis. Despite these questions and uncertainties, there are fundamental truths: (1) venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known and serious complication of total joint arthroplasty, and (2) evidence-based thromboprophylaxis works. Gaps between guideline-recommended and actual orthopedic practice must be reduced.

Professionalism in Publishing

In 2004, two of us (R.A.B. and J.D.H.) along with Mr. James Scott, the Editor-in-Chief of the British volume of The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, jointly published an editorial, “Changing Ethical Standards in Scientific Publication,”1-3 in which we outlined various elements of publishing ethics, including plagiarism and redundant publication. Our journals have adopted publishing and reporting standards based on those of several international editors' groups4-6. We wish to again bring these issues to the attention of our readers because we continue to identify violations of well-accepted publishing standards. We highlight three ethical standards included in the new American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Standards of Professionalism7-9: ownership of intellectual property, authorship, and redundant submission/publication. The first relates to ownership of intellectual property. We quote from the mandatory standards outlined in Section VIII. B: “Orthopaedic surgeons should not claim as their own intellectual property that which is not theirs. Plagiarism or the use of others' work without attribution is unethical.”9 Furthermore: While the AAOS guidelines are intended for AAOS Fellows, these standards apply to all individuals submitting to our journals and across the range of reported scientific material including …

PROFESSIONALISM IN PUBLISHING

PROFESSIONALISM IN PUBLISHING

Editorial

Editorial

Professionalism in Publishing

In 2004, two of us (R.A.B. and J.D.H.) along with Mr. James Scott, the Editor-in-Chief of the British volume of The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, jointly published an editorial, “Changing Ethical Standards in Scientific Publication,”1-3 in which we outlined various elements of publishing ethics, including plagiarism and redundant publication. Our journals have adopted publishing and reporting standards based on those of several international editors' groups4-6. We wish to again bring these issues to the attention of our readers because we continue to identify violations of well-accepted publishing standards. We highlight three ethical standards included in the new American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Standards of Professionalism7-9: ownership of intellectual property, authorship, and redundant submission/publication. The first relates to ownership of intellectual property. We quote from the mandatory standards outlined in Section VIII. B: “Orthopaedic surgeons should not claim as their own intellectual property that which is not theirs. Plagiarism or the use of others' work without attribution is unethical.”9 Furthermore: While the AAOS guidelines are intended for AAOS Fellows, these standards apply to all individuals submitting to our journals and across the range of reported scientific material including …