Amended Description Research Articles

Revision of Kadua (Rubiaceae) in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, with description of the new species K. lichtlei

During the preparation of the Vascular Flora of the Marquesas Islands three new species of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) have come to light and are described herein: Coprosma fatuhivaensis W. L. Wagner & Lorence, Coprosma meyeri W. L. Wagner & Lorence, and Coprosma temetiuensis W. L. Wagner & Lorence. Descriptions, illustrations, conservation status, and specimen citations are provided. Amended descriptions of three previously described Marquesan Coprosma species are also provided as well as a key to the species, four of which fall into the Critically Endangered (CR) and two into the Endangered (EN) category. With the description of these the new species, Coprosma becomes the sixth largest lineage in the Marquesas Islands with six species after Psychotria (one lineage which has 9 spp.), Cyrtandra (8 spp.), Bidens (8 spp.), Melicope (7 spp.), and Ixora (7 spp.).

Revision of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) in the Marquesas Islands

During the preparation of the Vascular Flora of the Marquesas Islands three new species of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) have come to light and are described herein: Coprosma fatuhivaensis W. L. Wagner & Lorence, Coprosma meyeri W. L. Wagner & Lorence, and Coprosma temetiuensis W. L. Wagner & Lorence. Descriptions, illustrations, conservation status, and specimen citations are provided. Amended descriptions of three previously described Marquesan Coprosma species are also provided as well as a key to the species, four of which fall into the Critically Endangered (CR) and two into the Endangered (EN) category. With the description of these the new species, Coprosma becomes the sixth largest lineage in the Marquesas Islands with six species after Psychotria (one lineage which has 9 spp.), Cyrtandra (8 spp.), Bidens (8 spp.), Melicope (7 spp.), and Ixora (7 spp.).

Astrocaryum ulei (Arecaceae), nuevo registro para el Perú

Astrocaryum ulei , previously known from Brazil and Bolivia, is here reported from Madre de Dios in Peru. Based on the new material collected it has been possible to write an amended description of this species, which is presented here.

Flavivirga jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Flavivirga amylovorans sp. nov., new members of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater, and emended descriptions of the genera Psychroserpens and Lacinutrix

Two yellow, rod-shaped, gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic bacterial strains, designated JC2682(T) and JC2681(T), were isolated from a seawater sample of Jeju Island, Korea. The isolates required sea salts for growth and showed gliding motility. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains JC2682(T) and JC2681(T) shared 96.9 % similarity and formed a robust monophyletic group within the radiation encompassing the family Flavobacteriaceae. This distinct clade, which had varying branch positions depending on the tree-making algorithm used, represents a new genus within the family Flavobacteriaceae. The predominant isoprenoid quinone (menaquinone 6, MK-6) and DNA G+C content (27-33 mol%) were consistent with its assignment to the family Flavobacteriaceae, but the polar lipid profile, fatty acid composition and overall phenotypic traits demonstrated that the test strains were not closely affiliated to any recognized genera. Based on data from the present polyphasic taxonomic study, strains JC2682(T) and JC2681(T) are considered to represent two novel species of a new genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the names Flavivirga jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Flavivirga amylovorans sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strain of Flavivirga jejuensis is JC2682(T) ( = KACC 14158(T) = JCM 17113(T)). The type strain of Flavivirga amylovorans is JC2681(T) ( = KACC 14157(T) = JCM 17112(T)). Amended descriptions of the genera Psychroserpens and Lacinutrix are provided.

A New Species of SmallHipposideros(Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Myanmar and a Revaluation of the TaxonH. nicobarulaeMiller, 1902 from the Nicobar Islands

The taxon Hipposideros nicobarulae is elevated to a distinct species and an amended description is included. It is geographically restricted to the Nicobar Islands in the Andaman Sea where it has been found roosting in caves and deserted buildings. It is differentiated by size and external, cranial and dental morphology from Hipposideros ater from the Indian Subcontinent. Both taxa are distinguished from a new species, Hipposideros sp. nov., herein described from the Rakhine coast of western Myanmar, with referred material from Tanintharyi Division in southern Myanmar. In all cases, individuals were found roosting in human habitation. Information on the conservation status, distribution and ecology of the three species are included.

Three species of Sphagnum endemic to Île Amsterdam, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises: S. cavernulosum sp. nov., S. complanatum sp. nov. and S. islei

The taxonomy of three recently collected species of peat mosses (Sphagnales) from Île Amsterdam, Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, is reviewed. Two species belong to Sphagnum subgenus Subsecunda, while a third has uncertain taxonomic affinity. One of the Subsecunda species has previously been described under the name S. islei Warnst. based on material from Île Amsterdam and we provide an amended description. A second species is described as S. complanatum sp. nov. Both species share morphological characteristics with S. capense Hornsch., known from Southern Africa, Malawi, Madagascar, and Reunion. The third species is distinguished by several morphological characteristics and is described as S. cavernulosum sp. nov. It has morphological characteristics that are shared with the subgenera Sphagnum and Acutifolia, and also subgenus Subsecunda. Among known Sphagnum species, the closest morphological relative seems to be S. novo-caledoniae Paris & Warnst., described from southern Melanesia in Oceania. The morphology of these three species is described. At present, these three species appear to be endemic to Île Amsterdam. Their phylogenetic affinities and likely evolutionary histories are discussed based on their morphological characteristics. Molecular data are necessary for further evaluation of their phylogeny, taxonomic relationships, and phylogeography, but repeated attempts to obtain gene sequences have so far failed.

An amended description of Rafflesia leonardi and a revised key to Philippine Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae)

The taxonomic identity of Rafflesia banaoana from Kalinga Province in northern Luzon (Philippines) and its affinity with R. leonardi of the adjacent Cagayan Province are discussed. Both taxa share a unique combination of morphological characters pertaining to the color and shape of the perigone lobes, their warts, the diaphragm aperture, the size and number of disk processes, and anther number. The only notable difference between R. banaoana and R. leonardi is flower size and characters correlated with size. Because Rafflesia species show large intraspecific variation in flower size, and because R. banaoana and R. leonardi share a number of other morphological features, we conclude that these two taxa are conspecific. The name R. banaoana should therefore be considered a synonym of the earlier name R. leonardi. Here, we present an amended description of R. leonardi. An updated key to all ten known species of Philippine Rafflesia is also provided.

Neotipificación de Ceroxylon weberbaueri Burret

Ceroxylon weberbaueri Burret, a poorly known species, is recollected from its type locality. An amended description is provided and the species is neotypified.

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF DINOPHYSOID DINOFLAGELLATES: THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF OXYPHYSIS OXYTOXOIDES AND THE DINOPHYSIS HASTATA GROUP (DINOPHYSALES, DINOPHYCEAE)(1).

The dinophysoid dinoflagellates are currently divided into three families: Amphisoleniaceae, Dinophysaceae (mainly Dinophysis Ehrenb. and Phalacroma F. Stein), and Oxyphysaceae, the latter including only one member, Oxyphysis oxytoxoides Kof. Phalacroma has been recently reinstated separately from Dinophysis, and its amended description is currently restricted to cells whose epithecae were large but <1/4 of the cell length. With the aim of improving the phylogeny of Dinophysales, we obtained 54 new SSU rRNA gene sequences of 28 species. Taxon-rich SSU rDNA phylogenetic analysis showed that Dinophysales split into two major clades, one containing the Amphisoleniaceae (Amphisolenia F. Stein-Triposolenia Kof.) and the other containing the Dinophysaceae. The latter are divided into two well-supported sister groups, the Dinophysaceae sensu stricto (s.s.) (Dinophysis, Ornithocercus F. Stein, Histioneis F. Stein) and, tentatively, a separate family for the clade of the type and most of the Phalacroma species. Based on combined phylogenies of new SSU rDNA and available LSU rDNA data, O. oxytoxoides (elongated epitheca, >1/4 of the cell length) branched with a strong support with the type of Phalacroma. We therefore propose Phalacroma oxytoxoides comb. nov. for O. oxytoxoides. Our SSU rDNA phylogeny also suggests that the assumed high intraspecific variability of Dinophysis hastata F. Stein hides a number of cryptic species. According to their distinct phylogenetic placement, the forms D. hastata f. phalacromides Jørg. and D. hastata f. uracanthides Jørg. should be erected at the species level. We propose for them the names Dinophysis phalacromoides comb. nov. and Dinophysis uracanthoides comb. nov.

Systematics and Taxonomy of Great Striped-Faced Bats of the GenusVampyrodesThomas, 1900 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

The Neotropical bat genus Vampyrodes (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) is widely distributed from southern Mexico to southeastern Brazil. Long thought to be monotypic, V. caraccioli Thomas, 1889, was recognized by previous authors as including two subspecies with the nominate form inhabiting South America south and east of the Andes, and another subspecies, V. c. major Allen, 1908, occurring west and north of the Andes. Reexamination of these forms using molecular and morphological methods supports recognition of these lineages as distinct at the species level. We here provide amended descriptions and diagnoses for these taxa. We also report for the first time an example of perikymata (incremental growth lines that appear on the surface of dental enamel as a series of grooves) in Chiroptera. Presence of distinct perikymata is a synapomorphy of the genus Vampyrodes.

Description of the female of Mortonagrion ceylonicum Lieftinck, 1971 and amended description of the male (Zygoptera, Coenagrionidae) with notes on habitat, distribution and behaviour

Abstract The female of Mortonagrion ceylonicum is described and figured for the first time. The female was described briefly by Laidlaw (1924) but was not assigned to a genus or species. An amended description of the male is also provided. Additional notes on habitat, distribution and behaviour are given. Keywords: Odonata, damselfly, Coenagrionidae, Mortonagrion, female, Sri Lanka, description, male, redescription Issue section: Article

Balaenophilus manatorum (Ortíz, Lalana and Torres, 1992) (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from Loggerhead Sea Turtles, Caretta caretta, from Japan and the Western Mediterranean: Amended Description and Geographical Comparison

The ectoparasitic harpacticoid copepod, Balaenophilus manatorum (Ortíz, Lalana and Torres, 1992) (syn. Balaenophilus umigamecolus Ogawa, Matsuzaki and Misaki, 1997), has been reported on 3 species of marine turtles from the Pacific and the Mediterranean and from the West Indian manatee off Cuba in the Caribbean. The 3 available descriptions of this species were made using light microscopy. In this paper, we provide an amended description of B. manatorum using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) for specimens in the collection from which B. umigamecolus was originally described. This material was collected from 1 loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta, from Japan. The use of SEM allowed us to add several new microcharacters to the original description but, more importantly, allowed us to correct a number of the traits originally described. Some of the corrections could affect the interpretation of putative homology and variability of characters among populations of B. manatorum. A SEM comparison of specimens of B. manatorum from loggerheads from Japan and the western Mediterranean suggested the existence of morphological stasis between these populations. However, there were apparent meristic differences with a recently published description of this species from olive ridleys, Lepidochelys olivacea, in Mexico. Although B. manatorum is currently considered as a single, widespread taxon, the possibility that it actually represents a species complex deserves further attention.

Identity, relationship and distribution of the poorly knownCousinia elata (Asteraceae, Cardueae)

Abstract Mehregan I.: Identity, relationship and distribution of the poorly known Cousinia elata (Asteraceae, Cardueae). — Willdenowia 39: 83–87. — Online ISSN 1868-6397; © 2009 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.39.39109 (available via http://dx.doi.org/) Cousinia elata has been known from only two collections, and its relationship to the major subgroups of the genus has been entirely unclear. It is shown that C. meshhedensis must be included in C. elata, that C. elata is actually widely distributed in NNE and NE Iran, and, based on chromosome number, flower and pollen morphology, that it is a member of Cousinia s.str. (C. subg. Cousinia). Within Cousinia s.str., C. elata is most closely related to species traditionally classified as C. sect. Platyacanthae, based on a Bayesian ITS sequence analysis. The name C. elata and its synonyms C. meshhedensis and C. strictissima are lectotypified and an amended description of the species and a map of its distribution are provided.

Identification of active variants of PARF in human pathogenic group C and group G streptococci leads to an amended description of its consensus motif

Certain streptococcal M proteins bind collagen via an octapeptide motif that is located in their hypervariable N-terminal region. The interaction with this extracellular matrix protein enhances adhesion to the host tissue and thereby facilitates infection. Moreover, it has the side effect of eliciting collagen autoimmune responses, a phenomenon which is also observed in patients with acute rheumatic fever. Therefore, the octapeptide motif was named peptide associated with rheumatic fever (PARF). Only a comprehensive characterization of the collagen-binding M proteins and their collagen-binding motifs will allow the investigation of their associations with certain streptococcal infections and their sequelae. Therefore, a collection of Streptococcus dysgalactiae equisimilis strains that were isolated from infected humans was examined, in order to identify collagen-binding proteins and motifs. Strains that bound collagen independent of a hyaluronic acid capsule belonged to 7 distinct types of the emm gene, which codes for the M protein ( emm types). Only one of these emm types was previously described as collagen-binding. Five possessed a PARF sequence. The other 2 emm types stC2sk.0 and stG2574 had PARF-like motifs that diverged from the previously described consensus sequence AX YLZZ LN but were able to induce collagen autoimmunity when injected into mice. The results led to the amended PARF consensus ( A/E/T)X YLXX LN. Moreover, they demonstrate a predictive power regarding collagen-binding and elicitation of collagen autoimmunity, indicating that PARF may be one of the markers for strains that cause collagen-dependent acute rheumatic fever.

Molecular and morphological studies on the Didymodon tophaceus complex

Recently two Mediterranean species closely related to Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa have been described in the genus Didymodon Hedw.: Didymodon sicculus M. J. Cano et al. and Didymodon erosus J. A. Jiménez & J. Guerra. The former has been proved to be widespread around the Mediterranean basin in recent years, and this study points to a considerable extension of its distribution area towards north, since it has also been discovered in the Netherlands. D. erosus, with its narrow morphological characterization, was only described four years ago and has hitherto only been known from the original localities in Spain. The molecular study based on nrITS sequence data of some selected specimens of all the three species suggests that D. erosus is much more frequent and widespread in Europe than supposed and, furthermore, is morphologically much more variable than previously described. A key for the identification of the three species, an amended description of D. erosus and a map showing the known distribution area are presented.

Sciuro-hypnum tromsoeense (Kaurin & Arnell) Draper & Hedenäs, a distinct species from the European mountains

Morphological and molecular evidence reveal that Sciuro-hypnum tromsoeense, nowadays considered conspecific with S. starkii, is actually a distinct species that can be distinguished from related species by both gametophytic and sporophytic characters, such as branch shape, stem leaf shape and areolation and seta roughness. An amended description of this moss is presented and its diagnostic characters are discussed. The species grows on moist soil, litter and rocks, and is here confirmed for several boreal and mountainous areas of Europe. In addition, Hypnum reflexum Starke is neotypified in this paper.

Taxonomic considerations and amended description of Humiriastrum spiritu-sancti, Humiriaceae

ABSTRACT An amended description of Humiriastrum spiritu-sancti is presented, highlighting characters of the ovary, style, stigmatic surface, intrastaminal disk and fruit, alongside with the analysis of the pollen morphology. The species is illustrated and several new records increase the extent of its distribution.

Habenaria transvaalensis Schltr. and Habenaria bonateoides M.Ponsie (Orchidaceae), revised descriptions and distributional records

Bonatea bracteata G.McDonald and McMurtry and Bonatea tentaculifera Summerh. were recently transferred to the genus Habenaria, as Habenaria transvaalensis Schltr. and Habenaria bonateoides M.Ponsie respectively. Until now H. bonateoides was known only from the holotype collected at Nairobi National Park in Kenya but new collections of the species from Tanzania expand its known range and suggest that sporadic populations may occur across a wider distribution. A full description, photographs and distributional data are provided. An amended description and distribution range of Habenaria transvaalensis is also provided to accommodate the inclusion of Bonatea bracteata within this species.

Enforcement of Articles 81 and 82 EC under Regulation 1/2003: The Case of Spain and Portugal

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the most relevant enforcement practice of Articles 81 and 82 EC by the Spanish and Portuguese competition authorities and courts since the entry into force of Regulation (EC) 1/2003 on 1 May 2004 and the coming into operation of the European Competition Network (ECN). The cases analysed show the interplay between national procedural rules and those of Regulation 1/2003 and the problems companies are facing as regards the coherent and uniform application of the EC competition rules. Particularly in Spain, private enforcement of the EC competition rules is clearly gaining momentum as can be seen in a series of judgments awarding damages and applying Articles 81 and 82 in contractual disputes, which the newly created commercial courts have delivered in the last two years. The article also provides a brief description of the legislative amendments already enacted as well as the reform proposals envisaged in both countries to adapt national legislation to the legal exception system introduced by Regulation (EC) 1/2003.

The shallow-water barnacles (Cirripedia, Balanomorpha) of Bahia de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, including seven previously unrecorded species and amended descriptions of three species

Characters of the opercular and parietal calcareous plates are commonly used in formulating barnacle descriptions and discussing their taxonomy. However, in some groups these characters have created taxonomic confusion due to a high level of intraspecific variability. We redescribe the shallow-water balanomorph barnacles from Bahia de La Paz in Mexico for which the original descriptions were incomplete or did not include the arthropodal parts. The descriptions present here are based on classical characters derived from calcareous plates (external features) as well as internal characters derived from flexible cuticular body parts such the cirri and parts of the oral cone. The latter character set proved helpful in resolving taxonomic confusion among some of the barnacle species studied. Detailed redescriptions of three species from three genera are presented, along with remarks on their distribution ranges.