Amblyopia Risk Factors In Children Research Articles

Performance of the plusoptiX A08 photoscreener for the detection of amblyopia risk factors in children 0 to 5 in central Iowa

Performance of the plusoptiX A08 photoscreener for the detection of amblyopia risk factors in children 0 to 5 in central Iowa

Validation of plusoptiX S04 photoscreener as a vision screening tool in children with intellectual disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a major public health issue, affecting more than 1% of children worldwide. Pediatric vision screening using standard eye charts may be challenging for children with ID, who may benefit from a quick noninvasive vision screening tool. This study evaluated the accuracy of plusoptiX S04 (Plusoptix Gmbh, Nuremberg, Germany) in detecting amblyopia risk factors in children with ID. Children diagnosed with ID according to age-appropriate psychological tests were examined consecutively. Vision screening was performed using the plusoptiX S04 prior to complete ophthalmological examination, including cycloplegic refraction. Pass/refer screening results was compared with findings of ophthalmological examination. Amblyogenic risk factors were defined according to American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus referral criteria. A total of 182 infants and children were examined. Only 3% of children were uncooperative for screening. Ophthalmological examination detected amblyogenic risk factors in 32% of patients. The sensitivity of plusoptiX S04 was 95% (95% CI, 85.6%-98.9%), and specificity was 50% (95% CI, 40.8%-59.1%). The positive predictive value was 47% (95% CI, 37.7%-56.4%) and the negative predictive value was 95.4% (95% CI, 87.1%-99.1%). High sensitivity and negative predictive values suggest that the plusoptiX S04 will detect most children with ID who have amblyogenic risk factors, but one-half of all children referred will have no risk factors.

Validity of plusoptiX S04 photoscreener as a vision screening tool in children with intellectual disability

Purpose: Intellectual disability (ID), also referred to as mental retardation, is a major public health issue, affecting more than 1% of children worldwide. Visual acuity testing may be challenging in children with ID and may benefit from a quick noninvasive screening tool for vision screening. This study evaluated accuracy of PlusoptiX S04 in detection of amblyopia risk factors in children with ID.

Performance of the Plusoptix vision screener for the detection of amblyopia risk factors in children

To evaluate the accuracy of the Plusoptix vision screener in detecting amblyopia risk factors in the pediatric population and to determine whether modifying the manufacturer's referral criteria improves the clinical utility of the device. We compared the rate and pattern with which the Plusoptix vision screener refers a patient for ophthalmic follow-up to the same metric obtained during a complete pediatric ophthalmic examination using AAPOS guidelines. We then modified the manufacturer's criteria in determining which patients would be referred to improve the clinical usefulness of the machine. One hundred nine patients were examined. Of these, 53% were found to have amblyopia or amblyopia risk factors. The Plusoptix vision screener referred 67% of these patients, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and false-negative rates of 98%, 69%, 78%, and 1.4%, respectively. These same metrics with the modified manufacturer's referral criteria were 98%, 88%, 90%, and 1.5%. The Plusoptix vision screener is a useful tool for the detection of amblyopia risk factors in pediatric populations. Our study shows that the referral criteria can be internally modified to improve both the specificity and positive predictive value of the device without reducing sensitivity in this study group. The Plusoptix vision screener provides an accurate, fast, user-friendly, and portable way to detect amblyopia risk factors. Because the software automatically evaluates the refractive error and ocular alignment and gives a simple referral grade, the Plusoptix screener may offer a reasonable way of providing large-scale vision screenings at relatively low costs.

Application of neural networks to adaptive control of nonlinear systems G.W. Ng, Control Systems Centre Series, UMIST, UK, 1997, ISBN: 0-86380-214-1

The GoCheck Kids smartphone photoscreening app (Gobiquity Mobile Health, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA), introduced in 2014, is marketed to pediatricians with little published validation. We wished to evaluate the GoCheck Kids Screener for accuracy in detecting amblyopia risk factors (ARF) using 2013 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus guidelines.Validity assessment.Children 6 months to 6 years of age presenting from October 2016 to August 2017 were included. Children were screened with the GoCheck preloaded Nokia Lumia 1020, software version 4.6 with image processing version R4d, prior to undergoing a comprehensive eye examination by a pediatric ophthalmologist masked to the screener results. Determination of the presence of age-specific ARF was made based upon the examination and compared with the GoCheck recommendation.A total of 206 children were included (average age 43 months). When compared to examination, GoCheck had a sensitivity of 76.0% and specificity of 67.2% in detecting ARF. Positive predictive value was 57.0% and negative predictive value 83.0%. The screener results of 13 children were changed from “no risk factors” to “risk factors identified” based on the GoCheck remote review process. Four images remained “not gradable” and screening was unsuccessful in 3 children.In our high-risk population, this version of the Gocheck Kids smartphone app was useful in identifying ARF in children who are often not able to cooperate with visual acuity testing. This study informs pediatricians about the efficacy of this new screener as they make decisions about how to best detect vision problems in young children.