Ambivalent Attitude Research Articles

Students’ perceptions of ‘AI-giarism’: investigating changes in understandings of academic misconduct

AbstractThis novel study explores AI-giarism, an emergent form of academic dishonesty involving AI and plagiarism, within the higher education context. The objective of this study is to investigate students’ perception of adopting generative AI for research and study purposes, and their understanding of traditional plagiarism and their perception of AI-plagiarism. A survey, undertaken by 393 undergraduate and postgraduate students from a variety of disciplines, investigated their perceptions of diverse AI-giarism scenarios. The findings portray a complex landscape of understanding with clear disapproval for direct AI content generation and ambivalent attitudes towards subtler uses of AI. The study introduces a novel instrument to explore conceptualisation of AI-giarism, offering a significant tool for educators and policy-makers. This scale facilitates understanding and discussions around AI-related academic misconduct, contributing to pedagogical design and assessment in an era of AI integration. Moreover, it challenges traditional definitions of academic misconduct, emphasising the need to adapt in response to evolving AI technology. The study provides pivotal insights for academics and policy-makers concerning the integration of AI technology in education.

Speeches on Poetry

Paul Celan’s ‘Speeches’ determine what poetry is and why we need it. He does not want ‘timeless’ poetry but still ‘lays claim to infinity’; he would ‘reach through time’. He neither refuses poetry as contrary to reason, nor elevates it as pure immediacy of meaning. He questions the ambivalent attitudes towards art—as ‘artifice’ or as ‘profound’. Celan cuts into the loose fabric of such ordinary language to shape it. Those who trumpet ‘plain sense’ against such incisive art deface it as degenerate. Celan’s poetic language presents us as ‘of the earth’ and as ‘released from it’—Büchner’s Lenz seeks clarity in the silence of alpine light but falls into madness in his isolation. He is drawn towards the life of the villagers at the foot of the mountains. He perceives the warm household fires, but it is an illusion that he can be a part of that scene. Thus, Celan enquires into art’s intensity. It is at the risk of reciprocity that a reader entertains the language of a poem. Eliot’s old ‘shadow’ between ‘the idea and the reality’ now falls between the poet’s production and the reader’s reciprocation. The reader may need someone with a free hand to hold a lantern to the script.

Solidarity and colonial analogies in Irish republican feminists’ discursive practices, 1890s–1980s

Irish republican feminists across twentieth-century Ireland occupied an ambivalent position in the Global North. The Irish were complicit in imperialism in the non-West or Global South. However, they also operated against an evolving backdrop of colonialism, violence and resistance, spanning the all-Ireland anti-colonial campaign, partition, and postcolonial civil war, as well as the late twentieth-century civil rights movement and ensuing ‘Troubles’ (1969–1998) north of the disputed border. Irish women were, therefore, subject to various iterations of violent patriarchy informed by British imperialism, anti-colonialism, settler-colonialism or postcoloniality. Using the texts of a small number of prominent Irish republican feminists, including Helena Molony (1883–1967) and Hanna Sheehy Skeffington (1877–1946), as well as Bernadette Devlin (1947–) and Roisin Boyd (?–) later in the century, this article examines political women’s attempts to understand their positionality and, through this, formulate their identity. To do so, I am indebted to Global South feminist and ‘feminist of colour’ epistemologies, beginning with Chandra Mohanty’s understanding of relevant terminology as denoting ‘political and analytic sites and methodologies’ rather than geographical or spatial constructs. I hope to use this theorising in a way that does not perpetrate a recolonising of ‘women of colour’ knowledge.

When the world gets worse: Form and feeling in Australian climate fiction

In a political context of climate inaction, Australian fiction writers have increasingly focused on the emergency; drawing attention to how the political and environmental processes underway might play out and exploring attendant emotions. The novel form – with its foregrounding of private feelings and individual agency, and its historical alignment with the development of the extractive capitalism it may wish to critique – occupies an ambivalent position as a tool to bring about change. If the task is to refigure the social imaginary towards interconnection with all forms of life, is the novel an inadequate means of social engagement? I hope to make the case – by referencing debates in climate change literature and through discussion of Scary Monsters by Michelle de Kretser (2021) and This Devastating Fever by Sophie Cunningham (2022) – that writers are using the distinctive capacities of the novel to think through contemporary challenges. These novels, distinct in tone and narrative content, both treat climate change as inextricable from other forces – such as colonialism and misogyny – and emphasise interconnectedness with other beings. Through a commitment to play, via formal experimentation and humour, they help readers to engage with the intellectual and emotional challenges of a changing world.

Exploring factors of HPV self-sampling acceptance:a qualitative study with hard-to-reach women

Abstract Background Cervical cancer disproportionately affects socially disadvantaged women, who tend to be underscreened and are generally called “hard-to-reach”. HPV DNA testing based on self-sampling test is an alternative strategy to address women’s low screening uptake and reduce inequalities. Psychosocial factors like self-efficacy, ethicality, and testing conditions should be considered when assessing the acceptability of HPV self-sampling. However, research on the acceptability of HPV self-sampling is scarce among hard-to-reach women. Our study aims to explore self-efficacy beliefs, perceptions of how well HPV self-sampling fits participants’ values and their preferred testing conditions and understand how these factors influence the acceptability of HPV self-sampling test among hard-to-reach women. Methods This qualitative study used a semi-structured guide based on three constructs of the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability. Focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted with n = 63 hard-to-reach women in Portugal (2 FGD), Ecuador (4 FGD), and Belgium (3 FGD). Data were analysed using deductive content analysis. Results While some women viewed HPV self-sampling as acceptable, others questioned its compatibility with their ethical views and moral principles, stressing that the test cannot replace the clinical examination. Participants held conflicting views, with some expressing confidence in their sampling abilities while others feared making errors when taking the sample. Cultural disparities in preferred testing conditions emerged: Ecuadorian women preferred solo testing, while those in Europe preferred assistance. Conclusions This study indicated ambivalent attitudes towards self-sampling. Further research on HPV self-sampling acceptability is needed to explore socio-cultural nuances. Our study emphasises the importance of culturally attuned interventions to address these populations’ needs and reduce inequalities. Key messages • Hard-to-reach women harbour conflicting views about self-sampling. • Screening policies may include opportunities for self- and clinician sampling.

Research on Game Players' Willingness to Purchase Based on the Perspective of Ambivalent Attitudes

Consumer ambivalence not only reflects the emotional and cognitive responses formed after perceiving external marketing stimuli but also influences subsequent purchase intentions. Based on the TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) and S-O-R (Stimulus-Organism-Response) models, this study introduces ambivalent attitudes as a mediating variable to construct and test a theoretical model of external marketing stimuli, consumer perception, ambivalent attitudes, and purchase intentions. Using 716 valid responses from gaming communities, the measurement and structural models were evaluated using AMOS 26.0 and SPSS 26.0 software. The empirical results show that the clarity and total volume of external marketing information can significantly influence purchase intentions by affecting consumer perceptions. Ambivalent attitudes directly influence purchase intentions and serve as a mediating factor in the pathways where perceptions affect purchase intentions.

Ambivalent attitudes toward life and death and suicide ideation among adolescents-The mediating role of depression.

Ambivalence in attitudes towards life and death are associated with suicide ideation (SI) among adolescents. However, previous research was mainly cross-sectional and did not examine through which psychopathological mechanisms (such as depression) attitudes towards life and death are associated with SI. The current longitudinal study examined the mediating role of depression at follow-up in the association between attitudes towards life and death at baseline and SI at follow-up among at-risk adolescents referred to an outpatient psychiatric clinic. 129 adolescents aged 10-18 years (75.2% females) with a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors were assessed at clinic intake and 1 month follow-up (80% retention rate at follow-up). All participants completed a questionnaire assessing attitudes towards life and death and SI severity at clinic intake, and depression and SI severity at 1 month follow-up. While controlling for SI severity at intake, attraction towards life at baseline, rather than attraction and repulsion towards death at baseline, led to higher SI severity at follow-up, while depression at follow-up fully mediated this association. Attitudes towards life, as well as depression play critical roles in the development of SI among adolescents. Interventions targeting reasons for living and promoting meaning of life may be beneficial in preventing depression and SI.

Passing through skin: technology, physicality and art

ABSTRACT Our present technological environment has removed a substantial degree of physicality from common functions. This condition had already been investigated around a century ago by Walter Benjamin, who had an ambivalent attitude toward the ‘aura’ associated with outmoded technologies. The Benjaminian discourse, which continues among academics, contains hidden insights into the psychological effect of the increasing loss of tactile experience as mechanical operations are replaced by electronic ones. The evolution of dials and switches is paradigmatic of the technological changes that parallel those in psychosomatic perception. Modern and contemporary works of art have reflected sensitivity to this socio-cultural situation and address it by linking visual experience to tactile experience. Claes Oldenburg's sculptural representation of toggle switches serves as an exemplary case.

Not Everyone Will Be Taken into the Future? The Role of Forecasting in International Relations Theory

The 2010s witnessed intensified debates in international academia on the relationship between theory and forecast, but Russian scholarship remained detached from these discussions. This article intends to examine the contribution of theory to forecasting in IR, identifying prospects for combining the prescriptive, explanatory, interpretive and predictive functions of science. It reveals the origins of both theoretical skepticism about prediction and the countercriticism of futile theorizing. The article reveals the limitations of both the hypothetico-deductive model of scholarship, which dominates the discipline, and the statistical inductivism that opposes it. The analysis begins by identifying the different classes of theories in international relations studies. It demonstrates that the basic assumptions of normative, deconstructive, and interpretive theorizing are poorly compatible with prediction. The article further scrutinizes the ambivalent attitude of explanatory theories towards the matter, claiming the fundamental unpredictability of social interactions. It explores the growth in expectations since the late 2000s that the accumulation of big data and the advancement of methods for processing them will provide predictions without relying on explanatory inferences. Nevertheless, the value of scholarship for foreign policy practice requires a combination of theoretical explanations and predictive studies. This article suggests that for theory to play a major role in forecasting, forecasts must play a major role in theorizing. In this sense, reluctance to test their logical inferences with predictions exemplified by scholars poses a barrier to the development of IR studies.

KAZUO ISHIGURO: THE INTERNATIONAL AS A THIRD SPACE

This article envisagesIshigurian fiction as a site of compromise wherelinguistic and non-linguistic ingredients are mobilized to engage with the international bookmarket and its exigencies. This paper, thus, addresses Ishiguros texts as commodities, and sets out to uncover the complex and intricate processes whereby the authornegotiateshis status as a language migrant, cognizant of the aestheticdilemmas inherent in World Literature as well as of the stakes involved in writing for a global audience. It will similarly undertake to interrogate the ambivalent position of Ishiguro as a Japanese-bornBriton, and to explore the way otherness translates in hisworks, while coping with the tensions inherent in hisbicultural profile itfurther examines the motivations of the Western prize machinery in establishing Ishiguro as a literarymegastar through the authentification of his oeuvre with a strinkingly lavish over-awardedness.Concurrently, it seeks to probe the hijacking of the majority- if not the totality- of his works by the mighty movie industry which perfecty and faithfully encapsulates the essence of capitalist consumerism. This recuperation inevitably calls into scrutiny the very nature and substance of Ishiguros fiction, besides interpellating us to the canibalizing tendencies of the entertainment business in the West, while at the same time problematizingIshiguros stancecaughtbetween marketability imperatives, audience expectations and authorial integrity.

Internationalisation of doctoral schools of education in Hungary: Rationale and organisational change

AbstractThis pilot study presents the preliminary results of a larger qualitative study based on narratives of organisational change related to the internationalisation of the doctoral schools of education studies (DSEd) in Hungary, which are characterised by an inherent ambivalent position of national embeddedness and heightened internationalisation imperative. The theoretical perspectives for the pilot are grounded on the intersection of major topics as very few previous studies of precise focus were found. We looked at internationalisation of the doctoral programmes in general, cases of educational studies including teacher education, and the developmental theories relevant to the field of higher education. Semi-structured interviews with four educational professionals at a research-intensive university in Hungary depict personal narratives and perceptions of internationalisation – a challenging yet necessary experience. The pilot framework presents preliminary findings retrieved from the initial sub-sample. Pilot results picture the fine-grained process of organisational change concerning the internationalisation implementation based on the perspectives of academic staff whose frame of reference is a niche in the current discourse.

Literacy, hegemonic mediation, and “spiritual” liberation in colonial Jamaica

ABSTRACT This essay discusses the presence and performance of Arabic literacy, its use, and emancipatory dimension among Muslim slaves on colonial plantations in Jamaica as well as the complex and ambivalent position of the Irish abolitionist R.R. Madden in the translation, interpretation, and dissemination of some of their writings. Overall, Madden’s texts suggest a sense of agency granted to his literate Muslim interlocutors from West Africa due to his commitment to abolition. However, a careful analysis of his responses suggests that colonial subjects remain “untranslatable” to the Western mind without the active intervention of Madden, a process that echoes his collaborative translation of Manzano’s poetry in Cuba. As a translator, a proponent of the value of literacy for emancipation, Madden not only occupies a contentious mediatory site but also embraces a conflicted sense and advocacy of emancipation which he later connects to Christian spiritual liberation when faced with “critical literacy.”

Changing the Tolerance of the Intolerant: Does Large Carnivore Policy Matter?

Success in large carnivore conservation often hinges on local residents' tolerance towards those species. Feelings of powerlessness and frustration with wildlife policies can lead to intolerance of the species. In extreme cases, intolerance may manifest in poaching. Thus, changes in policy may influence the tolerance of wildlife. To examine the connections between policy and tolerance, we examined how policy scenarios influenced anticipated changes in tolerance to wolves Canis lupus. We administered a survey in 2015-2016 in the core wolf range within northern Wisconsin, USA. Using hierarchical cluster analysis, we clustered respondents into groups based on their current tolerance of wolves. We evaluated the behavioral intentions of the clusters and examined the influence of policy scenarios on respondents' anticipated changes in tolerance. Finally, using an information-theoretic model selection framework, we assessed the effects of tolerance clusters and demographic factors. The respondents were clustered into three clusters relative to their current tolerance towards wolves: positive, ambivalent, and negative. Each cluster exhibited significantly different behavioral intentions and anticipated changes in tolerance for all scenarios. In all scenarios, respondents who already held positive attitudes towards wolves were significantly less likely to report expected changes in tolerance toward wolves following changes in wolf management. However, respondents who held ambivalent or negative attitudes towards wolves were significantly more likely to report expected changes in tolerance towards wolves following changes in wolf management. Regarding a regulated wolf hunting and trapping season, we observed a Simpson's Paradox, wherein, when examined in aggregate, no clear pattern emerged, but when examined at the cluster level, important and intuitive patterns emerged. Our demographic model results suggest that policy changes resulting in greater state management authority over wolves, especially authority to implement certain forms of legal killing of wolves, could result in significant increases in tolerance for individuals who identify as hunters, have lost livestock to a predator, or are currently ambivalent or negative towards wolves. Our work elucidates the nuanced relationship between tolerance of wildlife and wildlife policy and identifies a potential ecological fallacy.

Facing the (Political) Elephant in the Room: On the Depoliticisation and Re-Politicisation of Refugee Trauma Amongst Therapists in Germany

AbstractPTSD is commonly diagnosed in refugees, and since 2015 refugee mental health programmes in Germany have increased (BPtK in Bericht zur Mentalen Gesundheit Geflüchteter, 2019). Despite the vast literature on refugee trauma (Silove et al. in World Psychiatry, 16(2), 130–139, 2017), there has been little engagement with the role of therapists therein. This article addresses this lacuna by drawing on 23 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2020 and 2021 with therapists in psychosocial centres for refugees in 14 German federal states. From these interviews, it emerged that therapists occupy an ambivalent position which is characterised by a simultaneous depoliticization and repoliticization of refugee trauma. Believing that it is “so bad it is impossible to do nothing”, therapists started to engage in public political resistance, through therapeutic interactions and lobbying for change. Most therapists sought to engage in political action through a prism of detached professional neutrality. This comprises a particular conundrum since the premise of neutrality directly contravenes the practice of political action as such but also reverts to a mode of individualised medicalisation that cannot fully recognise the political nature of their client’s trauma. We propose to solve this tension through a novel German critical theoretical understanding of trauma as a form of status subordination, wherein the taken for granted presupposition of intersubjective equality is so violently breeched it results in existential disorientation and speechlessness (Matthies-Boon in Breaking intersubjectivity: A critical theory of counter-revolutionary trauma in Egypt, Rowman and Littlefield, 2022). Casting trauma in such intersubjective socio-normative terms means that therapists have the analytical tools to fully embrace their political aspirations whilst simultaneously improving the efficacy of their therapeutic interventions on an individual level.

Young Adult’s Outlook on Marriage: The Influence of Parental Divorce, Family of Origin Functioning and Attachment Style

ABSTRACT To elucidate reasons for the variability in attitudes toward marriage held by adult children of divorce, the current, mixed-methods study examined the influence of parental divorce and remarriage(s), family of origin functioning and attachment style variables on young adults’ attitudes toward marriage. Participants who experienced their parents’ divorce, perceived high levels of conflict in their family of origin, were single and presented with discomfort in close relationships were more likely to express negativity in their outlook on marriage. Participants who denied religiosity and perceived their parents as encouraging independence while growing up were more likely to express an ambivalent attitude toward marriage. Lastly, men and those who had experienced their parents remarriage(s) were more likely to express positivity in their outlook on marriage. Although other factors were influential, parental divorce may promote negativity in young adults’ attitudes toward marriage, which possibly contributes to the “intergenerational transmission of divorce.”

From Black Magician to Proto-Feminist: The Reception of Cornelius Agrippa's Oeuvre Through the Centuries

The Renaissance humanist Cornelius Agrippa von Netesheim (1486–1533) left a rich body of works in philosophy, theology, biblical exegesis and occultism. The disparity and internal contradictions of this opus, as well as the ambivalent position of Agrippa on the intellectual map of the epoch, caused the reception of his work to branch out in the most diverse directions. Contemporaries from clerical and Protestant circles branded him as a heretic, whereas humanists recognized his great erudition and devotion to faith. While he considered himself a reformer of Christianity, his followers regarded him as an authority in Neoplatonic, Hermetic, and Esoteric studies. On the basis of tendentious interpretations of his writings, as well as the entire tradition of apocryphal stories that developed around his personality, the church and folk tradition of the 16th and 17th centuries constructed a representation of Agrippa as a servant of the devil. Therefore, he served as a model for the character of Faust, first to Christopher Marlowe and later to Goethe. With the strong development of science and its foundations being linked with occult teachings, in the 18th and 19th centuries the image of Agrippa as a proto-scientist appeared, e.g. in Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein. However, for the positivist science of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Agrippa was, at best, a representative of a barren branch of Western philosophical thought, and at worst, a mere charlatan or mentally disturbed person. Such a perception prevailed until the mid-20th century, when scholars from Warburg Institute in London developed new interpretations of Renaissance humanism, including Agrippa's role in it. Today's science views Agrippa as a representative of the vital religious component of humanism and as a link between ancient, medieval and Renaissance currents of thought. At the same time, in certain segments of New Age, his writings acquire the status of the "bible" of the occultism, and Agrippa himself the status of a kind of New Age guru. Therefore, the literary legacy of Cornelius Agrippa is of significance for the history of ideas, reception studies, imagology, and anthropology of religion as an exceptionally rich case study, and in this paper, we aim to trace the intricate paths of his reception in different epochs and cultural contexts.

Alois Riehls Blick auf Friedrich Nietzsche und sein Verhältnis zu Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche

Abstract Alois Riehl’s View of Friedrich Nietzsche and His Relationship with Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche. Alois Riehl and Friedrich Nietzsche were contemporaries – both were born in the same year, 1844. But the philosophical paths they followed could hardly be more different. Nevertheless, Riehl recognized Nietzsche as one of the most important thinkers of his time. He was one of the first academic philosophers to devote a detailed analysis to Nietzsche’s writings. And Riehl saw in Nietzsche’s work a complementary counterpart to the scientific philosophy that he developed in his Philosophical Criticism. At the heart of the present paper is a speech given by Riehl on October 15, 1903, on the occasion of the reopening of the Villa Silberblick and the unveiling of Max Klinger’s bust of Nietzsche. The argument is divided into three parts. First, it reconstructs the background to these events historically in light of the friendly relationship between Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche and Riehl, as well as Riehl’s hesitation to give a speech. Second, Riehl’s ambivalent attitude in his reception of Nietzsche is analyzed through a close reading of his text. Third, the paper concludes with a final look at the specific event of October 15, 1903, based on historical material.

Anti-Zionism in the show trials in Rákosi era Hungary (1948–1953)

ABSTRACT The Communist regime in Hungary had an ambivalent and contradictory attitude towards Jews, people of Jewish origin, and the Jewish identity during the Rákosi era. While Zionism was tolerated previously, after the Communist takeover, it began to persecute Zionists through (amongst other means) a series of show trials. In these trials, the weight of different accusations (Zionism, anti-Semitism, cosmopolitanism) changed due to various factors, and therefore the anti-Jewish/anti-Semitic characteristics of the court proceedings also changed dynamically. This study draws on archival sources and the Hungarian historical literature to present a comprehensive view of this time and these circumstances.

Negotiating the Space between East and West: Sport and Gender Politics in Swiss Women’s Artistic Gymnastics in the Cold War Era

During the Cold War, women’s artistic gymnastics changed fundamentally and became an important battleground between East and West in the struggle for supremacy. As a supposedly neutral state and gymnastics federation, the case of Swiss sport and gender politics was left out. To analyze the Swiss case in women’s artistic gymnastics and its negotiation and positioning between East and West, written archival sources and oral histories are analyzed using a gender historical approach. By analyzing rejection and transfer through boycott, codification, sport policy, reception of coaching and sport techniques, as well as athletes’ welfare, the interconnectedness of gender and sports policy during the Cold War is explored and exemplified. The Swiss Gymnastics Federation, on the one hand, distinguished itself from the East as a reference space, which was imagined as different and indeed successful, but also harsh and totalitarian, but on the other hand, also imported and (re)produced knowledge and promising strategies. This ambivalent positioning between East and West, however, reveals both a gendered and political rejection of the other while using it as a role model and locating problems of athletes’ welfare in the East.

The Prisca Theologia in the Early Reformation Debates

The paradigm of the prisca theologia, developed by Marsilio Ficino in the second half of the fifteenth century, had a huge influence throughout the early modern period. Its influence on the Reformation debates, however, has not yet been investigated. In the present article, I make an initial contribution to filling this gap. In the first part, I show that theprisca theologia was widely disseminated in the territories of the Holy Roman Empire at the beginning of the sixteenth century, including at the University of Erfurt where Martin Luther was educated. In the second half, I focus on two figures central to the Reformation debates: Johann Eck and Martin Luther. As I show, Eck had an ambivalent attitude towards theprisca theologia: on the one hand, he aimed to reconcile the scholastic tradition with the ancient doctrines of theprisci theologi; on the other hand, he distanced himself from the Hermetic and magical implications of theprisca theologia. Luther, meanwhile, developed an anti-paradigm to Ficino’s prisca theologia: he argued that the improper mixing of black and white magic was born in Persia and then developed in Egypt and Greece.