Ambitious Strategies Research Articles

The justice and policy implications of clean energy transition in Africa

Despite the low local energy access rates, Africa is considered a key player in the global energy transition due to its large supply of fossil fuels and a large reserve of critical minerals essential for manufacturing renewable energy components in the energy sector and storage devices in the transportation and electronics sectors. But building a sustainable society at all levels across nations would only come when there exists a just and inclusive energy transition based on the idea of “leave no one behind”. While many African countries have embarked on ambitious and transformative transition strategies, and many energy projects classified as “clean” have economic, environmental, and social implications that jeopardize the wellbeing of those already vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. This paper explores the policy implications of the just transition to ensure that efforts to steer Africa towards a lower carbon future are supported by fair, equity, and justice considerations. Our analyses provide valuable evidence for considering a just transition in Africa that will not exacerbate the current socio-economic challenges the region is facing but will support sustained poverty reduction and the achievement of faster economic growth. Our findings show that the African continent’s multiple challenges of energy security, economic growth, and affordable access must feature in its clean energy transition. We draw conclusions that an incremental transition emphasizing low-carbon development is the most feasible and pragmatic approach to transform the region’s economy and address climate change challenges.

Chinese Rise and the Development of Conflicts with Southeast Asian Countries over the South China Sea

The American thinker Samuel Huntington at the time thought that the global conflict under the new international order would be an economic conflict, stressing that China would be the first emerging economic power that could pose a serious threat to the United States. That reading embodied the model of American readings at the time, which were looking at a set of transformations that China brought about in its economic system and structures, which began to show features of its impact remarkably since the early nineties, especially in light of the enormous material and human capabilities and capabilities that China possesses, and its relentless directions at that stage. Which was proceeding in full swing to implement a successive series of comprehensive and ambitious development plans and strategies, to make China, in the eyes of American decision-makers, the strongest potential competitor to the United States in the twenty-first century. During the past three decades, China was able to deal with various international crises positively, to become a major economic power in the world, occupying an advanced position globally in terms of progress and growth, so it tended to develop and develop its military capabilities and modernize its war arsenal, especially its naval forces, commensurate with its global position. It enables it to protect its economic interests that extend across the world, and because China has become one of the largest consumers of energy in the world, it has paid great attention to protecting waterways and oil supplies that come from overseas countries from the continents, especially the South China Sea. The China Sea occupies a very important geographical location that made it one of the most important waterways in the world, as more than 33% of international trade ships pass through it, and nearly 50% of the maritime transport of energy sources from oil and gas, and a dense network of cables passes through it. The international communication network, in addition to the mineral and fish resources that are available in it, and its containment of large reserves of oil and natural gas, which made it the focus of ambitions of many countries near and far, in that controlling it means controlling the artery of global trade and navigation, and for this China was keen to Ensuring the extension of its influence on the China Sea, especially the strategic islands that it includes, and this is what made China enter into direct confrontations and conflicts with a group of Southeast Asian countries, especially the (ASEAN) group of countries.

THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE OPEN SYSTEM OF THERMAL WATER DESALATION WITH AIR HEATING

With the increase in the world population and industrialization, the use of water resources for industry and domestic needs is also increasing. At the same time, the impact of the water sector on climate change is increasing due to emissions of greenhouse gases associated with the energy processes of water production, transportation and purification. Given that efforts aimed at mitigating the consequences of climate change are not enough today, it is very important to develop new ambitious strategies for sustainable development and decarbonization. The purpose of the work is a mathematical study of the air humidification-dehumidification cycle to obtain fresh water and the search for optimal parameters that will ensure the maximum efficiency of the desalination process. The principle of operation was considered and a mathematical model of the thermal water desalination system with air heating at the entrance to the humidifier in the solar heater was developed. A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the proposed scheme was made. The temperatures of air and salt water at the outlet of the heat exchangers were determined. The main energy parameters of the system were calculated with the help of balance equations. Graphical dependences of energy indicators on the operating parameters of the installation were constructed and analyzed. The change in performance and energy efficiency as a function of temperature and air velocity at the inlet to the humidifier is shown. The effect of air and salt water consumption on the energy efficiency and geometric dimensions of the humidifier was revealed. A comparison of the efficiency of open water desalination schemes with heating of air and water at the entrance to the humidifier is given. It was established that, under the same conditions, water heating provides higher energy parameters than air heating. The expediency of simultaneous heating of water and air at the entrance to the humidifier to further increase the efficiency of thermal desalination using the air humidification-dehumidification cycle was noted.

Классификация и анализ локализации проектов по производству водорода

The analysis of hydrogen projects is based on the information presented in the open database of the International Energy Agency (IEA) which contains 1327 projects for the production of hydrogen and products based on it, implemented in more than 100 countries around the world. It is proposed to use two classification approaches to identify the current trends in the development of hydrogen projects. The first approach is based on the project classification according to their implementation period, and the second one uses the classification of project implementation stages proposed in the IEA database. The complex application of the described approaches makes it possible to carry out a systematic analysis of the data presented in the IEA database. Projects using electrolysis technologies for hydrogen production are considered separately from projects using alternative technologies. The geographical localization of projects was analyzed following the place of their implementation in one of the four regions of the world: Europe, Asia, America, and Oceania with Africa. The distribution of project capacities by country is presented for all regions. It has been established that the global capacity of electrolysis projects for hydrogen production has reached 310?MW, and, with the successful implementation of 350 promising projects currently being developed, their total capacity can reach 65 GW by 2030. In addition, about 80 concept projects with a total capacity of more than 230 GW are in the early stages of development. If all these promising projects are implemented, the total volume of hydrogen production, taking into account electrolysis projects, can reach more than 50 million tons by 2030, which will contribute to the achievement of global decarbonization goals. The results of the analysis allow us to conclude that currently, projects for hydrogen production and products based on it are rapidly developing in the world, mainly due to the ambitious hydrogen strategies of the countries of the European Union and the UK.

The Banality of Surveillance

Surveillance is a ubiquitous and routine organizational practice. It has a long history as a tool of governance and a tacit right of the state. In the digital age, actors within both public and private institutions increasingly collect data on people and behaviors to classify, sort, and intervene upon people’s lives in ways that are consequential for individual trajectories and patterns of social stratification. Although theoretical scholarship on surveillance is rich, the corpus of empirical work on the subject is more limited, in part due to methodological and data challenges. Fortunately, scholars across a wide range of disciplines are turning their attention to surveillance and finding creative and ambitious strategies for overcoming these data limitations. Future research—particularly that which leverages new sources of data and comparative or experimental designs—may yield new insights about whether and under what conditions technologically mediated surveillance disrupts or ossifies existing inequalities.

SARSPLEX: Multiplex Serological ELISA with a Holistic Approach.

Currently, there are over 602 million severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases and 6.4 million COVID-19 disease-related deaths worldwide. With ambitious vaccine strategies, reliable and accurate serological testing is needed to monitor the dynamics of the novel coronavirus pandemic and community immunity. We set out to improve serological testing of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesize that by multiplexing the serological diagnostic test kit (SARSPLEX) and screening for three antibodies, an even more robust diagnostic can be developed. A total of 293 sera were analyzed for IgM, IgG, or IgA immune reactions to the subunit 1 spike glycoprotein and the nucleocapsid protein in a standardized ELISA platform. Testing IgM, IgG, and IgA demonstrated high positive and negative agreements compared to RT-PCR and serology reference tests. Comparison with the pre-2019-CoV (n = 102) samples highlighted the specificity of this test kit and indicated that no unspecific binding, even with the summer flu patients (n = 44), was detected. In addition, SARSPLEX demonstrated to be a valuable occupational surveillance tool used in a functional medicine facility. With increased and broader testing, SARSPLEX will be a valuable tool in monitoring immunity and aid in prioritizing access to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for high-risk patients.

Green hydrogen partnerships with the Global South. Advancing an energy justice perspective on “tomorrow's oil”

AbstractFuel cells and other hydrogen‐based technologies are increasingly seen as a key pillar of global decarbonization efforts. A major challenge to be overcome is the future availability of large quantities of affordable green hydrogen to supply the envisioned hydrogen economy. Several industrialized countries have formulated ambitious national hydrogen strategies that rely heavily on importing green hydrogen from other countries, including countries in the Global South that are rich in renewable energy. This paper is based on an extensive literature review and policy analysis. It provides the first structured overview of existing and emerging North–South green hydrogen partnerships and analyzes them through the lens of energy justice theory. The findings show that international collaboration has increased significantly in recent years, with a clear focus on Brazil, Egypt, India, and Morocco. Partnerships are led by both government and private sector actors and mainly take the form of pilot projects, feasibility studies, and scientific collaboration. The paper also points out that existing partnerships have several shortcomings, such as the lack of sociopolitical considerations and the dominance of donor economic priorities over sustainable development in partner countries. Finally, the paper discusses how an energy justice perspective could help improve future partnership approaches to achieve the twin goals of global climate change mitigation and sustainable development in the Global South.

Circularity evaluation as guidance for building design

Resource scarcity and global warming call for ambitious strategies in the construction sector to meet the ever-growing demand for indoor spaces with minimal resource consumption and positive environmental impacts. In line with the need to introduce circular economy in the construction sector, the German Public Sustainability Certification System (BNB) is revising its indicator for disassembly, separation and reuse. The proposed assessment is intended to guide in the planning process and to point out challenges and potentials of the circular economy by making the complex interactions and requirements comprehensible in detail. The continuity of the assessment from the building material to the building component to the entire building allows users to track the impact of changes made at each level of aggregation. Based on extensive background research, end-of-life categories are assigned to building materials according to their reusability, taking into account assembly techniques and adjacent, associated materials. Example building components illustrate the method and show the impact of design changes. At the building level, the quantity determination of materials in the end-of-life condition allows transparent comparison of different design variants and documents in detail the material inventory for use in building material passports. Future developments envision the inclusion of building services in the circularity assessment, benchmarking of circularity at the building level, and integration of circular qualities into life cycle analysis calculations.

Australia-Japan telecoupling of wind power-based green ammonia for passenger transportation: Efficiency, impacts, and sustainability

Ammonia is a renewable energy medium appropriate for distant trading; therefore, many countries and companies have formulated ambitious strategies to develop energy transitions to use green ammonia for transportation systems. However, the associated social, economic and environmental impacts, and the overall viability and sustainability of these transitions are still a mystery, because of the lack of sufficiently complicated evaluations. To fill this gap, an integrated life cycle assessment and emergy evaluation (LCA-EME) method was developed and applied to synthesize, compare and recognize the hotspot nodes of resource depletion, emissions and impacts, and to quantify the exploitation and utilization efficiencies, environmental loadings and sustainability of the Australia-Japan telecoupling of wind power-based ammonia for electric vehicles (EV) and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) used for passenger transportation, compared with two fossil fuel-based EV transportation systems. The results revealed that the transition to ammonia-based fuels can reduce nonrenewable energy consumption by >29.64% and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by >10.00%; however, the demand for emergy resources >2.03 times and biotic endpoint impacts >1.56 times, both of which mainly occurred in the sending subsystem of the telecoupling interaction. The results highlighted the necessity of internalizing the ‘external’ resource stress and its biotic impacts, increasing the utilization efficiency and the recycling rate of minerals and fresh water, and decreasing the endpoint impacts to guarantee the sustainability of the telecoupled energy transitions. Integrated LCA-EME was confirmed as a valuable tool for handling complex, multi-nodal nexus problems of telecoupling, which is widely needed for energy transition strategy making.

Impact of Circular, Waste-Heat Reuse Pathways on PM2.5-Air Quality, CO2 Emissions, and Human Health in India: Comparison with Material Exchange Potential.

India is home to 1.3 billion people who are exposed to some of the highest levels of ambient air pollution in the world. In addition, India is one of the fastest-growing carbon-emitting countries. Here, we assess how two strategies to reuse waste-heat from coal-fired power plants and other large sources would impact PM2.5-air quality, human health, and CO2 emissions in 2015 and a future year, 2050, using varying levels of policy adoption (current regulations, proposed single-sector policies, and ambitious single-sector strategies). We find that power plant and industrial waste-heat reuse as input to district heating systems (DHSs), a novel, multisector strategy to reduce local biomass burning for heating emissions, can offset 71.3–85.2% of residential heating demand in communities near a power plant (9.3–12.4% of the nationwide heating demand) with the highest benefits observed during winter months in areas with collocated industrial activity and higher residential heating demands (e.g., New Delhi). Utilizing waste-heat to generate electricity via organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) can generate an additional 22 (11% of total coal-fired generating capacity), 41 (8%), 32 (13%), and 6 (5%) GW of electricity capacity in the 2015, 2050-current regulations, 2050-single-sector, and 2050-ambitious-single-sector scenarios, respectively. Emission estimates utilizing these strategies were input to the GEOS-Chem model, and population-weighted, simulated PM2.5 showed small improvements in the DHS (0.2–0.4%) and ORC (0.3–3.4%) scenarios, where the minimal DHS PM2.5-benefit is attributed to the small contribution of biomass burning for heating to nationwide PM2.5 emissions (much of the biomass burning activity is for cooking). The PM2.5 reductions lead to ∼130–36,000 mortalities per year avoided among the scenarios, with the largest health benefits observed in the ORC scenarios. Nationwide CO2 emissions reduced <0.04% by DHSs but showed larger reductions using ORCs (1.9–7.4%). Coal fly-ash as material exchange in cement and brick production was assessed, and capacity exists to completely reutilize unused fly-ash toward cement and brick production in each of the scenarios.

Designing effective and acceptable policy mixes for energy transitions: Countering rebound effects in German industry

Energy efficiency policies leading to energy demand reductions are a crucial component of ambitious energy transition strategies. However, rebound effects have been suggested to reduce energy demand reductions from energy efficiency improvements. Such effects have been studied extensively in the literature, but there has been less focus on the question whether (and if so, how) policy action can deliberately counter rebound effects. Also most of the existing literature focuses on households, while rebound effects also occur within industry. In order to address this knowledge gap, we build on the growing literature on policy mixes for transitions. Using a mixed methods approach combining macroeconomic modelling with qualitative stakeholder interviews and workshops, the paper investigates for Germany whether complementing an industrial energy efficiency programme with a number of other policy instruments can counter rebound effects. It assesses the economic impacts of the proposed policy mixes as well as their political acceptability. Our analysis finds that complementing a public funding scheme for industrial energy efficiency investments with other policy instruments can counteract rebounds, but faces a number of challenges in terms of acceptability. The paper argues for a more informed and honest policy and societal debate about rebound effects in order to boost problem awareness and agenda setting and to create a positive narrative around tackling rebounds. The main contribution of the paper is to show how important it is to take political factors into account in the design of policy mixes. It also showcases a mixed methods approach combining modelling with qualitative research which we see as very promising for analysing policy mixes.

The Present and Future of Intravesical Therapy in Bladder Cancer

Intravesical therapy is the gold standard in the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Despite the efficacy of intravesical therapies, the best treatment options are not determined yet. Development in research of bladder cancer shows several new intravesical drugs and its delivery systems. Additionally, the novel knowledge of bladder cancer immune reaction improves and provides ambitious treatment strategies. The future of NMIBC therapy will be changed by the development of immunotherapy and new technologies for device-assisted treatment. This review focuses on recent advances in the intravesical therapy of NMIBC, viral gene therapy, new technology of intravesical chemotherapy, and drug delivery system.

Regional opportunities for tundra conservation in the next 1000 years.

The biodiversity of tundra areas in northern high latitudes is threatened by invasion of forests under global warming. However, poorly understood nonlinear responses of the treeline ecotone mean the timing and extent of tundra losses are unclear, but policymakers need such information to optimize conservation efforts. Our individual-based model LAVESI, developed for the Siberian tundra-taiga ecotone, can help improve our understanding. Consequently, we simulated treeline migration trajectories until the end of the millennium, causing a loss of tundra area when advancing north. Our simulations reveal that the treeline follows climate warming with a severe, century-long time lag, which is overcompensated by infilling of stands in the long run even when temperatures cool again. Our simulations reveal that only under ambitious mitigation strategies (relative concentration pathway 2.6) will ∼30% of original tundra areas remain in the north but separated into two disjunct refugia.

Vehicular Traffic in Urban Areas: Health Burden and Influence of Sustainable Urban Planning and Mobility

Vehicular traffic is one of the major sources of air pollution in European cities. This work aims to understand which characteristics of the urban environment could influence mobility-related air pollution, quantify the health impacts of exposure to traffic-derived PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, and assess the potential health benefits expected from traffic interventions. The health benefits modeled are intended to provide a set of comparable data to support decision-makers and encourage informed decision-making to design healthier cities. Targeting a large geographical coverage, 12 European cities from 9 countries were comparatively assessed in terms of mean daily traffic volume/area, the number of public transport stops/area, and the percentage of green and outdoor leisure areas, among other urban indicators. This was implemented using an open-source data mining tool, which was seen as a useful engine to identify potential strategies to improve air quality. The comparison of urban indicators in the selected cities evidenced two trends: (a) cities with the most heterogeneous distribution of public transport stops, as an indicator of poor accessibility, are also those with the lowest proportion of km dedicated to cycleways and footways, highlighting the need in these cities for more sustainable mobility management; and (b) the percentage of green and outdoor leisure areas may influence the share of journeys by bicycle, pointing out that promoting the perception of green routes is relevant to enhance the potential of active transport modes. Socioeconomic factors can be key determinants of the urban indicators and would need further consideration. For the health impact assessment (HIA), two baseline scenarios were evaluated and compared. One is based on mean annual traffic contributions to PM2.5 concentrations in each target city (ranging between 1.9 and 13 µg/m3), obtained from the literature, and the second is grounded on mean annual NO2 concentrations at all available traffic and urban background stations within each city (17.2–83.5 µg/m3), obtained from the European Environment Agency database. The intervention scenarios modeled were designed based on traffic mitigation strategies in the literature, and set to ranges of 6–50% in traffic-derived PM2.5 concentrations and of 4–12.5% in NO2 concentrations. These scenarios could result in only a 1.7% (0.6–4%) reduction in premature mortality due to exposure to traffic-derived PM2.5, and 1.0% (0.4–2%) due to exposure to NO2, as the mean for all the cities. This suggests that more ambitious pollution abatement strategies should be targeted.

Life cycle-based environmental impacts of energy system transformation strategies for Germany: Are climate and environmental protection conflicting goals?

In the development of climate-friendly energy system transformation strategies it is often ignored that environmental protection encompasses more than climate protection alone. There is therefore a risk of developing transformation strategies whose climate friendliness comes at the expense of higher other environmental impacts. Consequently, an assessment of environmental impacts of energy system transformation strategies is required if undesired environmental side effects of the energy system transformation are to be avoided and transformation strategies are to be developed that are both climate and environmentally friendly. In this paper, ten structurally different transformation strategies for the German energy system were re-modeled (in a harmonized manner). Five of these scenarios describe pathways for a reduction of direct, energy related CO2 emissions by 80%, the other five by 95%. Life cycle-based environmental impacts of the scenarios were assessed by coupling the scenario results with data from a life cycle inventory database focusing on energy and transport technologies. The results show that the transformation to a climate-friendly energy system reduces environmental impacts in many impact categories. However, exceptions occur with respect to the consumption of mineral resources, land use and certain human health indicators, which could increase with decreasing CO2 emissions. The comparison of environmental impacts of moderately ambitious strategies (80% CO2 reduction) with very ambitious strategies (95% CO2 reduction) shows that there is a risk of increasing environmental impacts with increasing climate protection, although very ambitious strategies do not necessarily come along with higher environmental impacts than moderately ambitious strategies. A reduction of environmental impacts could be achieved by a moderate and – as far as possible – direct electrification of heat and transport, a balanced technology mix for electricity generation, by reducing the number and size of passenger cars and by reducing the environmental impacts from the construction of these vehicles.

Actions to halt biodiversity loss generally benefit the climate.

The two most urgent and interlinked environmental challenges humanity faces are climate change and biodiversity loss. We are entering a pivotal decade for both the international biodiversity and climate change agendas with the sharpening of ambitious strategies and targets by the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Within their respective Conventions, the biodiversity and climate interlinked challenges have largely been addressed separately. There is evidence that conservation actions that halt, slow or reverse biodiversity loss can simultaneously slow anthropogenic mediated climate change significantly. This review highlights conservation actions which have the largest potential for mitigation of climate change. We note that conservation actions have mainly synergistic benefits and few antagonistic trade‐offs with climate change mitigation. Specifically, we identify direct co‐benefits in 14 out of the 21 action targets of the draft post‐2020 global biodiversity framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity, notwithstanding the many indirect links that can also support both biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. These relationships are context and scale‐dependent; therefore, we showcase examples of local biodiversity conservation actions that can be incentivized, guided and prioritized by global objectives and targets. The close interlinkages between biodiversity, climate change mitigation, other nature's contributions to people and good quality of life are seldom as integrated as they should be in management and policy. This review aims to re‐emphasize the vital relationships between biodiversity conservation actions and climate change mitigation in a timely manner, in support to major Conferences of Parties that are about to negotiate strategic frameworks and international goals for the decades to come.

Establishing bicycle logistics in urban areas—Experiences from entrepreneurs and local policy actors

This paper aims to deepen the insights into specific policy and planning prerequisites that affect how bicycle logistics services can be initiated and established in urban environments. Empirical data consist of policy documents and qualitative interviews with bicycle logistics entrepreneurs and local policy actors from four Swedish municipalities which are all known for their ambitious strategies for sustainable transport. The paper leads to insights into a variety of challenges facing the introduction of bicycle logistics in urban environments but points also to possibilities and key issues for the further development of these types of concepts. Among these are the importance of targeted initiatives and support for new concepts for sustainable urban freight, but also conscious strategies for infrastructure development and a more well-informed use of public procurement processes. In addition, the study confirms the importance of norms, attitudes and knowledge among policy makers, planners and potential customers about bicycle logistics and its potential for urban areas.

Articulating ethical principles guiding Target Malaria's engagement strategy

Progress in gene drive research has engendered a lively discussion about community engagement and the ethical standards the work hinges on. While there is broad agreement regarding ethical principles and established best practices for conducting clinical public health research, projects developing area-wide vector control technologies and initiating ambitious engagement strategies raise specific questions: who to engage, when to engage, and how? When responding to these fundamental questions, with few best practices available for guidance, projects need to reflect on and articulate the ethical principles that motivate and justify their approach. Target Malaria is a not-for-profit research consortium that aims to develop and share malaria control and elimination technology. The consortium is currently investigating the potential of a genetic technique called gene drive to control populations of malaria vectoring mosquito species Anopheles gambiae. Due to the potentially broad geographical, environmental impact of gene drive technology, Target Malaria has committed to a robust form of tailored engagement with the local communities in Burkina Faso, Mali, and Uganda, where research activities are currently taking place. This paper presents the principles guiding Target Malaria’s engagement strategy. Herein the authors (i) articulate the principles; (ii) explain the rationale for selecting them; (iii) share early lessons about the application of the principles. Since gene drive technology is an emerging technology, with few best practices available for guidance, the authors hope by sharing these lessons, to add to the growing literature regarding engagement strategies and practices for area-wide vector control, and more specifically, for gene drive research.

Assessing the discursive foundations for emissions abatement in aviation: a post-normal science primer on alternative jet fuels

Post-normal science was used to review the discursive foundations of environmental policy in aviation, and for reassessing the status, challenges and opportunities for alternative jet fuels to close the carbon loop of this hard-to-abate sector. The analysis revealed instances where data misrepresentation, information gaps and asymmetries, have precluded a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts of aviation beyond its ~2.4% global CO2 contribution. Problem representations embedded in sustainability policies and regulations, have historically understated the urgency to implement ambitious climate strategies worldwide for addressing these impacts. Out to 2050, discursive misrepresentations could prevent the air transport sector's from attaining its net-zero commitment while effecting: 1) higher carbon debts, ecosystem damage and welfare loss from unsustainable fuel production; 2) distortion of long-term market signals for alternative fuels with high sustainability profiles; 3) investment constraints for next-generation technologies; 4) increased sectoral reputational risk; 5) foremost, a continued dependence on fossil-derived fuels.

Between Ambitious Strategies and Reality: The African Union Strategy on COVID-19 Vaccine.

A key learning lesson from country responses to COVID-19 pandemic was the impact of the strategies that are followed on combating the pandemic. Since the development of different vaccines and their supply globally, most countries have developed their own strategies to effectively provide sufficient doses for their population and start the vaccination process with the best outcomes. In this perspective, we review the African Union vaccination strategy by exploring the implementation of the strategy and its outcomes. We report on the strategy initiatives, vaccines distribution, administration, and the impact on new COVID-19 cases in African countries.