Amaranth Oil Research Articles

AMARANTH

The materials of the article provide a historical reference to the emergence and agronomic characteristics of amaranth. Today, more than 100 species of amaranth are known in the world. In Ukraine, amaranth began to be grown in 1989-1992. The yield of amaranth green mass can be more than 100 t/ha. Amaranth grain yield in Ukraine ranges from 25 to 40 centners per hectare. The chemical composition of amaranth grain and its processing products: amaranth oil, flour, grits was analyzed. The issues of using amaranth grain and its processing products in the bakery, meat, animal feed and pharmaceutical industry are considered. The main value of amaranth flour is the presence of protein and essential amino acids. Amaranth flour contains: 3.8 times more proteins than wheat flour, 9.4 times more lipids, 17 times more fiber, 8.8 times more ash; mineral substances: sodium 24 times, potassium 4.2 times, calcium 19 times, magnesium 6 times, phosphorus 5 times, iron 36 times; vitamins: thiamine 33 times, riboflavin 74 times, niacin 1.2 times. The oil contains up to 8% squalene, which provides healing and anti-inflammatory properties. The characteristics of the content of squalene in amaranth oil in comparison with olive oil are given. The agronomic issues of cultivation and features of post-harvest processing of amaranth are considered. The general view and layout of the seed plant using Fadeev's gentle fractional technology for the production of strong seeds are given. Methods of cleaning amaranth are analyzed and a technological scheme using pneumatic vibrating tables and a photoseparator is proposed. During cleaning, Fadeev sieves were used to remove mineral impurities, soot, and scum. A photo of various fractions obtained during amaranth cleaning is given. It has been established that the repeated separation of amaranth seeds, which have come off from the middle of the pneumovibrating table, can improve the quality of cleaning from the shrike. The photoseparator, when individually removing weeds, which are different in color from the color of pure seeds, cannot help but remove 4-5 pieces of pure seeds from the flow "for the company". It is this mixture of amaranth seeds and cornflower, which is dumped as waste after the photoseparator, is also "ennobled" during separation on a pneumatic shaker table, which in general makes it possible to minimize the share of waste when cleaning amaranth, and to bring the quality of cleaning to an absolute level.

Pseudocereal Oils, Authenticated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and their Chemopreventive Properties.

Amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat are the representatives of pseudocereals, different parts and by-products of which are used in daily nutrition and food processing industry. However, only scarce information exists on the bioactivity of their oils. Thus, oils obtained from amaranth, buckwheat, and red, yellow, and white quinoa seeds were evaluated in terms of their nutritional (fatty acid profile, squalene), cytotoxic (against normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal, prostate, and skin cells), anti-inflammatory and antiradical (interleukin 6, TNF-alpha, nitric oxide, DPPH, Total phenolics, and superoxide dismutase) potential in the in vitro model. Linoleic (42.9-52.5%) and oleic (22.5-31.1%) acids were the two main unsaturated, while palmitic acid (4.9-18.6%) was the major saturated fatty acid in all evaluated oils. Squalene was identified in all evaluated oils with the highest content in amaranth oil (7.6g/100g), and the lowest in buckwheat oil (2.1g/100g). The evaluated oils exerted a high direct cytotoxic impact on cancer cells of different origins, but also revealed anti-inflammatory and antiradical potentials. Yellow quinoa oil was the most active, especially toward skin (A375; IC50 6.3µg/mL), gastrointestinal (HT29 IC50 4.9µg/mL), and prostate cancer cells (LNCaP IC50 7.6µg/mL). The observed differences in the activity between the oils from the tested quinoa varieties deserve further studies. High selectivity of the oils was noted, which indicates their safety to normal cells. The obtained results indicate that the oils are good candidates for functional foods with perspective chemopreventive potential.

Production and characterization of amaranth amyloid fibrils from food protein waste

Plant proteins self-assembly into amyloid fibrils is a promising modification to be introduced in emerging food and materials applications. Although the valorization of protein-rich side streams in amaranth oil production is completely missing, we show that double salt extraction provides the recovery of globulin fraction of amaranth seed from food waste with high purity and complete protein solubility at acidic pH. We demonstrate in silico the self-assembly propensity with a high density of amyloidogenic regions of the 11S seed storage globulin of Amaranthus hypochondriacus. We further show that the recovered amaranth proteins can self-assemble into amyloid fibrils under heat-induced acidic hydrolysis. The amyloid nature of the fibrils was studied by thiazole orange (TO) fluorescence, SDS-PAGE, FTIR, CD, TEM, and AFM. We systematically investigated how the temperature of fibrillization affected protein unfolding, peptide release, as well as its effect on tuning the formation, growth, and polymorphism of amaranth amyloid fibrils. The β-sheet-rich structured proteins produced from the amaranth food waste exhibited mesoscopic polymorphism of the rigid amyloid fibrils with the manifestation of left-handed ribbons of varying polymorphism. We show that favourable conditions for extensive hydrolysis of the amaranth proteins promote the growth of well-ordered thick twisted ribbons with small-pitch and extraordinary rigidity and we interpret these finding based on structural mesoscopic models of amyloid fibrils. These results provide additional insight into the formation of plant amyloid fibrils as functional food and biocompatible materials, and introduce a pathway to convert amaranth food protein waste into amyloid nanofibrils.

Amaranth oil cake usage for increasing of productivity and quality of chickens of breeding egg poultry chickens

Due the domestic industrial poultry farming at the current stage development requires the improvement of the feed base and the introduction of advanced technologies that contribute to the full realization of the high genetic potential inherent in modern meat and egg crosses as well as the production of the planned volume of high-quality incubation eggs and full-fledged, high-quality breeding day-old chicken, this study is relevant and significant. The article presents data of the level of egg production of the herd when young chickens are included in the diet at the beginning of the spreading of cake from amaranth seeds of the new variety "Voronezh" and the subsequent changes in the quality indicators of incubation eggs and daily young under the influence of the tested diet. As a result of the study of morphological and biochemical parameters of the incubation egg, a day-old chicken, a positive effect of chicken diets, with the introduction of amaranth cake into their composition, on the qualitative indicators of egg composition, growth and development of embryos, which leads to a higher-quality breeding chicken, in large volumes, with a stronger immune system capable of resist external and internal negative factors.

Microbiological studies in the development of wound healing ointment

Aim. To select the concentration of fennel essential oil as an antimicrobial component and amaranth oil as an antioxidant component in the composition of a wound healing ointment for the wound therapy in the second and third phases of the wound process. Materials and methods. The study objects were model samples of the ointment with the lipophilic extract of marigold, amaranth oil and fennel essential oil. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the model samples of the ointment was determined in experiments in vitro by the agar diffusion method. The study of antioxidant properties was performed by biotesting on the biological model of Paramecium caudatum infusoria grown in the Lozin-Lozinsky nutrient medium at a temperature of 20-26 °С. The results were statistically processed using the Excel for Windows software. Results and discussion. The results of the studies conducted showed the presence of the antimicrobial action of varying degrees for all ointment samples with different concentrations of fennel essential oil. There was a slow increase in the antimicrobial activity of ointments with an increase in the concentration of fennel essential oil. The promising concentrations of fennel essential oil providing the maximum antimicrobial effect in the composition of the wound healing ointment were 1.5 % and 2.0 %. Taking into account a slight difference in the growth retardation zones and the requirements of safety and cost-effectiveness 1.5 % concentration of fennel essential oil was chosen for further research. Exposure of the experimental samples with different concentrations of amaranth oil led to a prolongation of the period of activity of infusoria under the influence of poisons compared to the control, indicating the presence of a high level of antioxidant activity. Conclusions. Based on the microbiological studies and biotesting, the concentration of antimicrobial and antioxidant components (fennel essential oil – 1.5 %, amaranth oil – 8 %) has been substantiated when developing a wound healing ointment for the therapy in the second and third phases of the wound process.

Amaranth and Its Oil Inhibit Cholesterol Biosynthesis in 6-Week-Old Female Chickens

All amaranth varieties contain tocotrienols and squalene compounds which are known to affect cholesterol biosynthesis. Therefore, in the present study, the influence of dietary supplementation of whole seed, popped, and milled amaranth and amaranth oil on cholesterogenesis was studied in 6-wk-old female chickens. Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were lowered 10–30% and 7–70% (P < 0.01), respectively, in birds fed amaranth-containing diets. HDL-cholesterol was not affected by amaranth supplementation. Activities of liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (the enzyme responsible for cholesterol breakdown into bile acids) were 10–18% higher (P < 0.01) than those of controls for birds fed most forms of amaranth and its oil, whereas activities of liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis) were lowered by about only 9% (P < 0.01) by popped, milled amaranth and its oil. This lack of marked inhibition of this enzyme suggests the presence of some other potent cholesterol inhibitor(s) apart from toco-trienols and squalene in amaranth.

Pyrolysis of Amaranth Inflorescence Wastes: Bioenergy Potential, Biochar and Hydrocarbon Rich Bio-Oil Production

Many agro-industrial companies grow amaranth for the subsequent production of amaranth oil, flour, cereals, flakes, and bran. After the grain is extracted, waste in the form of inflorescences remains, which can be used to obtain useful new products. This work investigated the use of pyrolysis to recycle amaranth inflorescence wastes (AIW). Thermochemical conversion experiments in an inert medium were carried out in a laboratory setup at 550 °C and a heating rate of 10 °C/min. It was found that the AIW pyrolysis produced 37.1 wt.% bio-oil, 35.8 wt.% pyrogas and 27.1 wt.% biochar. The oil fraction of the obtained bio-oil contains 41.8% of hydrocarbons. Thermogravimetric analysis of AIW was performed in the temperature range from 40 to 1000 °C at heating rates of 10, 15, and 20 °C/min in argon medium (75 mL/min). The kinetic parameters were determined by the model-free Friedman, Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose methods. The average activation energy values are in the range of 208.44–216.17 kJ/mol, and they were used to calculate the thermodynamic parameters. The results indicate that the pyrolysis application will allow efficient conversion of AIW into value-added products.

Clinical substantiation of the method of treatment of patients with complete dentition and prevention of concomitant prosthetic stomatitis

Annotation. A solution to the problem of prevention and treatment of prosthetic stomatitis, which occurs when using complete removable acrylic prostheses, is presented. The author proposes a modification of the base of the prosthesis in order to create a depot of the medicinal substance — amaranth oil. For clinical approval, 114 people who were divided into three groups were given prostheses. Patients of the first group (n=22) were prescribed rinsing with “Rotokan” solution for the first 7 days and enhanced hygiene of the prosthesis; patients of the second group (n=36) used amaranth oil internally and rinsed the oral cavity with it; patients of the third group (n=46) used the prosthesis modified by us and the developed method of treatment and prevention of stomatitis. The condition of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic field was evaluated. We determined the stability of the capillaries of the mucous membrane, the dynamics of leukocyte migration, and the degree of desquamation of the epithelium of the prosthetic bed in these patients. The results were evaluated before prosthetics, after the first day of using the prosthesis, after 7 and 10 days, 1, 3 and 6 months. Statistical data processing was carried out according to the method of O. V. Montsevichute-Eringene using Student’s t-test. Data were considered reliable at a significance level of 0.95. When using this method of prevention, a 24.46% decrease in inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity was found. Thus, the application of the developed technology of modification of a complete removable prosthesis with the simultaneous appointment of a course of amaranth oil deposited in the prosthesis helped to restore the stability of the capillaries of the prosthetic bed, made it possible to soften the epithelial layer of the space on which the prosthesis is placed, in order to reduce the release of epithelial cells and reduce the level traumatization of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.

The effect of squalene on lipid profile and some oxidative biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Squalene, as an isoprene, is one of the components of amaranth oil and makes up about 8% of this oil. Squalene has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects that have been considered in many studies. In people with uncontrolled diabetes, there is an increase in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) alongside a decrease in high-density lipoproteins (HDL).According to studies, squalene can be useful in lowering total cholesterol and triacylglycerol.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether squalene has an effect on lipid profile and a number of oxidative biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: In the present study, 30 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group and 120 volunteers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were selected. Subjects with diabetes were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was untreated with squalene and groups 3, 4, and 5 were treated with different doses of squalene for 84 days. Lipid profiles and oxidant biomarkers were examined on days 1, 14, 28, 56, and 84 according to the relevant protocols in all groups.Results: Significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed between control and diabetic groups in the study of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), and malondialdehyde. There was a significant difference between the studied groups in the levels of parameters expressed in some different doses and days.At the levels of the parameters expressed in some doses and different days, a significant difference was observed between the groups treated and untreated with squalene.Conclusion: This study shows that squalene as a bioactive compound can be effective to manage certain symptoms of diabetics including HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and VLDL. From our findings, we observed that squalene consumption over the duration of 84 days resulted in increased levels of HDL in diabetic patients. It also resulted in decreased levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL in diabetic patients. Keywords: Squalene, lipid profile, oxidative biomarkers, diabetes mellitus

Amaranth Oilseed Composition and Cosmetic Applications

Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) is a possible alternative to high-nutritional-value crops. Amaranth seeds are considered to be one of the few sources of phytosqualene (up to 8%). The use of squalene and its hydrogenated form squalane in skincare formulations has been steadily increasing, and the demand for these compounds is expected to rise continuously. The aim of this study was to investigate the amaranth oilseed as a potential ingredient for cosmetic applications. First, an experimental design and optimization were carried out in order to obtain amaranth oil rich in squalane instead of squalene through catalytic hydrogenation. Under the optimal conditions, the resulting oil was fully hydrogenated, with higher stability, and more suitable for cosmetic uses. Furthermore, the effect of the addition of amaranth oil and squalane on the rheological and sensory characteristics of moisturizing cream formulations was assessed. As expected, higher contents of oil and polyunsaturated fatty acids were obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction, and were used for the next step of the experiment. Optimization of the experimental conditions resulted in fully hydrogenated amaranth oil, with higher stability and rich in squalane. Better quality of moisturizing cream formulations was achieved when W/O formulations were enriched with 2% oil, or by adding 1% oil and 1% squalane. The formulation rich in squalane showed a better overall quality compared to other formulations.

Squalene-Rich Amaranth Oil Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Native α-Lactalbumin Nanoparticles.

The stabilization of Pickering emulsions by nanoparticles has drawn great interest in the field of food science and technology. In this study, α-Lactalbumin nanoparticles prepared by the desolvation and cross-linking method from protein solutions with initial pH values of 9 and 11 were used to stabilize squalene-rich amaranth oil Pickering o/w emulsions. The effect of different concentrations of nanoparticles on the size, size distribution, ζ potential, and emulsion stability was evaluated using dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and light backscattering. Dependence of the emulsions’ droplet size on the nanoparticle concentration was observed, and the critical coverage ratio was reached when 5–10% nanoparticles concentration was used. Our findings suggest that α-LA nanoparticles at a 10% concentration can be used as novel stabilizers for Pickering emulsions to provide protection for beneficial lipophilic bioactive compounds. This is the first time that native α-LA nanoparticles have been used as stabilizers of Pickering emulsions.

Research of consumer properties of organic oils

The object of the work is organic cold-pressed oils: sea buckthorn oil, amaranth oil, sesame oil. In the work, consumer properties of vegetable oils were studied: organoleptic characteristics, peroxide value, fatty acid composition. Among the organoleptic indicators, transparency, smell, color and the presence of sediment were studied. To determine the smell, the oil was applied in a thin layer on a glass plate. In order to study the color, the oil was poured into a glass with a layer of 50 mm and examined in transmitted and reflected light on a white background. Determination of transparency was carried out in the cylinder after settling at a temperature of 20 °C for 24 hours. To detect sediment in the settled oil, the number of divisions in the lower part of the cylinder occupied by oil sediment was noted. All organoleptic characteristics correspond to the limits of the norm. All samples are transparent, do not contain sediment and foreign odors. The color is inherent in each type of oil. In all samples, the peroxide number was studied. The amount of peroxides was determined by the iodometric method. In sea buckthorn oil, the peroxide number is 4.6 ½O mmol/kg, sesame – 4.8 ½O mmol/kg, amaranth – 4.3 ½O mmol/kg. The indicated indicators correspond to the norm. The fatty acid composition of the oil was determined by gas chromatography on an HP 6890 gas chromatograph (Agilent, USA). The content of meristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids was studied in oils. Oleic acid (18:1ω–9) is found in the largest amount in sesame oil (29.29 %). The content of linolenic acid (18:2ω–6) is the highest in amaranth oil (49.29 %). The content of linoleic acid (18:3ω–3) is the highest in sea buckthorn oil (19.28 %). Further research is planned to be devoted to the effect of vegetable organic oils on the lipid fraction of flour products.

The effect of squalene on proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Squalene, in recent years, has become a topic of interest to scientists due to its potential health benefits and anti-inflammatory effects. Squalene is a hydrocarbon belonging to the triterpene class; it is a 30-carbon isoprenoid compound. In previous studies, amaranth oil, containing high amounts of squalene, was shown to function as an effective treatment option for reducing proteinuria, one of the key markers for renal disease. Objectives: Our main goal was to understand the effect of squalene as a biotic agent for reducing proteinuria. In order to identify squalene as the decreasing agent of proteinuria in amaranth oil, we conducted an experimental study on diabetic patients. Our research focused on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with separate dosages of squalene serum consumption. Over the course of 84 days, we tracked changes in proteinuria levels based on the dosage of squalene consumed. In addition to this, testing was also conducted for 84 days on various related parameters. These parameters include blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cystatin C, albumin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and transforming growth factor b1 (TGFB1). By assessing changes throughout the study, we hoped to analyze the relationship between proteinuria and these associated parameters.Methods: Five groups of 30 people, totaling 150 volunteers, were recruited into the study. In group 1, 30 healthy people served as the healthy group. In group 2, 30 T2DM patients did not consume any squalene, thereby serving as the diabetic control group. Group 3 consisted of 30 T2DM patients who consumed 200 mg of squalene (extracted from shark liver) daily. Group 4 consisted of 30 T2DM patients who consumed 400 mg of squalene daily. Lastly, group 5 consisted of 30 T2DM patients who consumed 600 mg of squalene daily. In groups 3, 4, and 5, the patients were prescribed to consume squalene for a total of 84 consecutive days. Among the patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Vali-Asr medical laboratory (Tehran, Iran), 120 were selected. Also, 30 people participated in the study as healthy individuals. Regarding World Health Organization, inclusion criteria included the following: fasting plasma glucose amounts ≥ 126 mg/dL, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%, and not taking corticosteroids. Informed consent was obtained from all volunteers. Results: Throughout these 84 days, proteinuria levels decreased in these patients with high statistical significance. A positive correlation was also observed with dosage amount, as there had been a higher level of decrease in proteinuria amount with a higher dosage of squalene serum administered for consumption. Statistical significance was found in proteinuria as well as the associated parameters tested (BUN, Albumin (AL), creatinine (CR), cystatin C, and TGFbeta1. Conclusion: All of the associated health indicative parameters we tested alongside proteinuria count also showed a trend of overall reduction throughout the duration of 84 days. These values vary based on the dosage of squalene consumed as well as the time elapsed from the initial prescription. Based on these results, it may be assumed that squalene functions effectively to reduce all of these parameters as well as overall proteinuria level.Keywords: Squalene, proteinuria, renal disease, diabetes, functional food, amaranth oil

Obtaining biologically active substances from Amaranthus caudatus L. seeds in one technological cycle.

Nowadays, amaranth is a valuable multipurpose crop and a source of a number of very important biologically active substances. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive scheme for obtaining fatty oil, triterpenoids and lectin from the seeds of Amaranthus caudatus L. in one technological cycle. Two variants of the lectin and triterpene compound purification method from amaranth seeds were tested. It was determined that the extraction of triterpene compounds should be carried out after purification of the lectin from degreased seeds. The rationality of this sequence of technological operations is explained by the lability of the lectin and the insolubility in water of triterpene compounds from amaranth seeds. The study also presents a scheme for obtaining squalene from amaranth oil by chromatography on silica gel and proposes a more effective affinity sorbent for purification of the lectin. The use of such a sorbent also opens up the possibility of preserving other water-soluble substances from amaranth seeds. The physicochemical characteristics and carbohydrate specificity of the lectin are described and new data on the results of the interaction of lectin with human and animal erythrocytes are given. The obtained results are discussed in the light of the complex use of raw materials.

RESEARCH OF TECHNOLOGICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF CULTIVATION OF LACTIC ACID SYMBIONTS

The main technological and biotechnological features of symbiont cultivation based on microbial cultures Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus diacetylactis and various prebiotics have been studied in this work. Cultures of probiotic microorganisms were chosen. The main technological characteristics of several types of dietary fibers from pumpkin seeds produced by WTF “Farmakom”, “Richoil” and “Agroselprom” were studied, namely their fractional composition. In all studied samples, three fractions with the screenings of sieves 059, 044, and 037 were separated. In “Richoil” fibers, the content of screening fraction of 044 sieve was the highest and accounted for up to 80%. The yield of the fine fraction with the throughs of sieve 037 in all studied fiber samples was 3–10%. The adsorption capacity of pumpkin seed dietary fibers has been studied. The throughs fraction of the sieve 044 was found to actively adsorb the cells of the producer microorganism. For pumpkin seed dietary fibers, the water-retaining capacity was proven to be 2.5 g of water per gram of sample. The influence of mass fraction of pumpkin seed dietary fibers on cultivation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus diacetylactis was studied. The mass fraction of 0.5 g of dietary fibers per 10 ml of culture medium was shown to be optimal. The dynamics of acid accumulation in the process of cultivation of symbiotic microorganisms Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus diacetylactis in milk with different prebiotics (pumpkin seed dietary fibers, lactulose, and amaranth oil) was studied. The dietary fibers from pumpkin seeds was shown to have a significant effect on the β-galactosidase activity of symbiont microorganisms and to accelerate their acid production. A clot formed in the presence of fibers in 4.0–4.5 hours. Lactococcus diacetylactis was found to be the predominant culture in the symbiotic interactions in the presence of pumpkin seed dietary fibers. As a result of culturing the selected symbionts with pumpkin seed dietary fibers in the finished product, we obtain a predictable complex of metabolites, the majority of which would be produced by the predominant culture Lactococcus diacetylactis.

Low abundant bovine colostrum proteins in combination with amaranth oil reveal topical analgesic activity

Colostrum is an arsenal of proteins and peptides required at the earliest stage of a newborn development. Proteins involved in all biological processes of an infant development have been found in its composition. It is expected as cost-effective source of biologically active proteins and peptides. In this work, we separated water-alcohol-soluble low abundant proteins from bovine colostrum in preparative amounts that were further utilized in combination with amaranth oil for topical cream composition. The ratio of the obtained proteins’ fraction made a thousandth of the colostrum dry mass. The partial sequences of 37 identified proteins were established by mass-spectrometer and using BLAST search in NCBI database. In our previous work, we established the chemical composition of amaranth seed oil with ~6 % squalene by mass. The physical mixtures of these natural resources were fabricated into cream using hyaluronic acid as moisturizing agent and their analgesic activities were established. The optimal ratio of proteins and oil was determined in terms of their effects as analgesic means by experiments carried out on mice. Several proteins could possibly be responsible for the revealed biological efficacy. Among them, G-protein coupled receptor and synaptotagmin were previously linked with analgesic activity. Establishing an optimum ratio of ingredients proved also the contribution of higher quantity of amaranth oil, a rich source of squalene and unsaturated fatty acids.

Application of Chromatographic and Thermal Methods to Study Fatty Acids Composition and Positional Distribution, Oxidation Kinetic Parameters and Melting Profile as Important Factors Characterizing Amaranth and Quinoa Oils

Amaranth and quinoa are classed as pseudocereals that do not belong to the grass family, meaning they are not technically a grain. Both of them are seeds with tremendous nutritional value; compared to other cereals, they contain much more fat. The aim of the study was to present the parameters characterizing thermal properties of amaranth and quinoa oils, such as: oxidation induction time, oxidation kinetic parameters, and melting profile. In isolated oils, the peroxide value, oxidative stability by the Rancimat test (in 120 °C) and the pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) method (at 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 °C), fatty acids composition, and their distribution between the triacylglycerol positions were determined. The kinetic parameters of the oxidation process (activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and reaction rate constants) were calculated using the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall method and the Arrhenius equation. To measure the melting profile, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method was used. Both types of seeds are a good source of unsaturated fatty acids. Induction time of oxidation suggests that amaranth oil may have better resistance to oxidation than quinoa oil. The melting characteristics of the oils show the presence of low-melting triacylglycerol fractions, mainly containing unsaturated fatty acids, which means that a small amount of energy is required to melt the fats.

The theoretical substantiation of the composition of a wound-healing ointment with active components of plant origin

Aim. To theoretically substantiate the composition of a wound healing ointment with active substances of plant origin for the therapy in the second and third phases of the wound process. Materials and methods. The study object was the generalization and analysis of scientific literature data on the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of the wound process. Results and discussion. Based on the analysis of scientific literature data on the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of medicinal plants used in the treatment of the wound process, the expediency of using the lipophilic extract of marigold flowers, amaranth oil, fennel essential oil as active ingredients in the wound healing ointment has been substantiated. Marigold flowers due to the presence of a large number of carotenoids and flavonoidswill provide a high level of the antimicrobial, reparative action of the ointment. Due to the content of complex biologically active compounds, such as tocopherols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, phytosterols and squalene, the amaranth oil has a pronounced antioxidant activity. The components that are part of the essential oil of fennel contributeto the connective tissue growth and the skin restoration, as well as provide a high level of the antifungal action. Conclusions. The analysis of scientific literature data has shown the possibility of using herbal medicines in the treatment of the wound process. The greatest advantage of herbal medicines is the high degree of assimilation of molecules of biologically active substances, which are part of natural compounds as the most physiological form, by skin cells. The expediency of using the lipophilic extract of marigold, amaranth oil and fennel essential oil when developing a wound-healing ointment has been proven. The composition selected will provide the predicted antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and reparative effect of the ointment, reduce the likelihood of resistance in pathogenic microorganisms, and accelerate granulation and epithelialization of tissues.

Nanoemulsions with Amaranth and Sea Buckthorn Oils

Nanoemulsions with Amaranth and Sea Buckthorn Oils

THE IMPORTANCE OF AMARANTH OIL IN MEDICINE

THE IMPORTANCE OF AMARANTH OIL IN MEDICINE