Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet Research Articles

P2-180: Regional cerebral metabolic differences of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by delayed recall impairment degree

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is one of the widely used concepts indicative of the transitional cognitive condition between normal aging and dementia. However, there have been no standardized indices defining memory impairment of MCI. This study was to elucidate the cerebral metabolic differences between MCI groups divided by the degree of delayed recall impairment. All candidates were examined by neuropsychiatrists according to the protocol of the Korean Version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD–K). They also underwent [18F] fluoro–deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F–FDG PET) scan. 63 right–handed MCI (Total MCI; T–MCI) patients were recruited by diagnostic criteria, which were cognitive impairment necessarily including memory impairment; essentially preserved general cognitive function; largely intact functional activities; not demented. Among them 55 MCI patients over 60 years were divided into two subgroups according to the presence of impairment in any of two delayed recall measures in the CERAD–K neuropsychological battery: 20 MCI patients with impaired delayed recall (DR+MCI); and 35 MCI patients with intact delayed recall (DR–MCI). Delayed recall impairment is performance of 1.5 or more SDs below the age, sex, and education norm on CERAD Word list recall or Constructional recall test. 25 healthy control subjects (NC) were recruited. The differences in the regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate between each MCI and NC group were tested on a voxel–by–voxel basis using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) 99 software (p < 0.05, corrected). Compared to the NC subjects, the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and right splenium of cingulum in T–MCI patients showed hypometabolism. DR+MCI patients showed hypometabolism in the bilateral PCC and right splenium of cigulum, while the right splenium of cingulum in DR–MCI patients showed decreased metabolism compared to NC. Additionally, compared to DR–MCI patients, DR+MCI patients showed a hypometabolic trend in right parahippocampal gyrus (p < 0.001, uncorrected). These investigations generally have emphasized that brain functional differences were found according to the degree of delayed recall impairment in MCI which may prove useful for clinicians in early detection and determining the diagnostic index of MCI.

P.5.a.004 Validity of the Korean version of the Mini-Cog

The P300 is a useful psychophysiological index that reflects cognitive functions; however, the relationship between P300 indices and neuropsychological tests in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients is unclear.Thirty-one AD patients and 31 elderly normal control (NC) subjects were recruited. Age and education level were matched between the two groups. The relationship between the P300 and the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD-K) assessment packet (including 11 neuropsychological tests) was examined in AD patients.Compared to the NC subjects, the AD patients exhibited significantly decreased P300 amplitudes; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of P300 latency. After a permutation-based correction for multiple tests, P300 amplitudes at the Cz and Pz electrodes were significantly correlated with performance on the word list recognition, constructional praxis, and word fluency neuropsychological tests in the AD patients. Additionally, P300 latencies at the Pz and C6 electrodes were also significantly correlated with performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination, CERAD-K version (MMSE-K), and Trail Making Test part A (TMT-A) neuropsychological tests in the AD patients.The results suggest that the P300 is responsive to the deterioration of language, memory, and executive functions observed in AD patients. Although there was no significant difference between the AD patients and NC subjects in the P300 latency, P300 latency has been shown to reflect impaired global cognition and attention deficits associated with AD. Our results suggest that P300 indices could be used as biological markers that indicate impaired neuropsychological functions in AD patients.

The prevalence of dementia in older people in an urban population of Korea: the Seoul study.

To estimate prevalence of dementia and its subtypes in older people in Seoul, a metropolitan area of Korea, and compare these findings with estimates reported for other populations. The study employed a two-stage design for case identification. Initially, the Mini-Mental State Examination in the Korean version (MMSE-KC) of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) assessment packet was administered to all participants. Two hundred seventeen persons sampled from three levels of performance on MMSE-KC underwent the second-stage clinical evaluation based on the Korean Version of the CERAD assessment packet. The study was conducted in an urban community setting. Six hundred forty-three persons aged 65 and over participated in the study. Dementia was defined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition diagnostic features of dementia. Dementia prevalence ranged from 2.6% in persons aged 65 to 69 to 32.6% in persons aged 85 and older. Age-standardized prevalence was 8.2% for dementia, 5.4% for Alzheimer's disease, and 2.0% for vascular dementia. The prevalence estimates, which excluded very mild cases (clinical dementia rating index 0.5), were approximately 5.3% for dementia and 4.3% for Alzheimer's disease. The prevalence of dementia in older people in Seoul appears to be somewhat lower than in rural areas of Korea. Considering the difficulties involved in establishing a diagnostic threshold for dementia, actual differences in dementia prevalence between Asian populations are probably minimal.

Development of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K): clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries.

A Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K) was created. The English-American version of CERAD clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries was translated into Korean, and the psychometrical properties of the cognitive tests in the CERAD-K were established. In the translation, including back-translation, the basic structures of all measures in the original CERAD batteries were maintained. The CERAD-K was administered in a standardized manner to 106 dementia patients (aged 70.4 +/- 8.1 years), including 78 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and 186 controls (aged 68.4 +/- 4.6 years) who were recruited from 3 university hospitals and 2 elderly welfare centers. The cognitive tests in the CERAD-K successfully differentiated controls from the dementia patients and from the AD patients. They also showed substantial interrater reliability and 1-month test-retest reliability. The CERAD-K is an equally reliable and valid equivalent for the English version of the CERAD clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries.

Korean version of the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease assessment packet (CERAD-K): Clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries

Korean version of the consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease assessment packet (CERAD-K): Clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries