Alzheimer's Desease Research Articles

Alzheimer's desease and insulin resistance

Background: The number of patients with dementia is growing rapidly as the population ages. Dietary factors are important from the view point of public health since they are potentially modifiable and maintaining optimal nutritional status has been expected to be a desirable approach for prevention of dementia. Another nutritional topic on dementia and diet is the association of type-2 diabetes (T2D) and hyerinsulinemia with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuropathological survey in the Hisayama study, has shown that hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia caused by insulin resistance accelerate the formation of neuritic plaques suggesting that T2D is a major risk factor for AD.

Amyloid β Detection with Integrative Chip for Alzheimer Desease

To enhance sensitivity and detection limit, may research have been reported both with new materials and hybridization of two different devices/functions. Recently, due to high preconcentrator factor and simple method, the interest of ion concentration polarization (ICP) for sensor has been increasingly recognized. Here, we report ion concentration polarization based preconcentrator integrated with electrical biosensor to overcome low affinity of low concentration. We achieve approximately 25-fold concentrated sample on IMEs sensor with ICP preconcentrator. Utilizing ICP preconcentrator integrated IMEs sensor, we are able to detect below 22.15 fM Aβ with 3.2-fold higher sensitivity of impedance change. Moreover, detection limit of Aβ has also improved under concentration of 2.215 fM with ICP preconcentrator integrated IMEs sensor. From these results show our newly proposed ICP preconcentrator integrated IMEs sensor was better than conventional method for detection and quantification of low Aβ level and affinity. Also, a unifying technique between preconcentration and sensor platform is provide new opportunities with analytical sensitivity and detection limit within a few minutes.

P4‐204: The weak combined magnetic fields induce the reduction of brain Aβ levels in two animal models of Alzheimer's disease

During the twenty years' long large-scale research carried out in our laboratory, various effects of the weak low frequency magnetic fields have been discovered. Subchronic effect of a weak combined magnetic field (MF), produced by superimposing a constant component (region μT) and an alternating MF of (0.1 μT) which was the sum of signals of frequencies region Hz, was studied in olfactory bulbectomized and transgenic B6aC3-Tg (APPswe, PSEN1DeltaE9) 85DBO/J mice, which were used as animal models of sporadic and heritable Alzheimer's disease accordingly. Exposure to the MFs induced the decrease of Aβ level in bulbectomized mice and reduced the number of Aβ plaques in the cortex and hippocampus. Positive results were obtained in volunteers with Alzheimer's desease.We have developed several types of equipment for correction and treatment of their condition. We expect that numerous positive pieces of evidence both in animal experience and with humans will be of enormous importance for those suffering from different stages of Alzheimer's desease all over the world.

Amyloid-β-Heme Complex and Protein Tyrosine Nitration: Implications in Alzheimer's Desease

Amyloid-β(Aβ) is the major component of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease(AD).Aβ cascade hypothesis suggested that Aβ deposition in the brain substance is a critical step which eventually leads to Alzheimer's disease.A large number of studies have shown that soluble Aβ oligomers are more toxic than Aβ aggregates and may be associated with cognitive dysfunction.The metabolism of heme was found to be changed in the brain of AD patients.Meanwhile,Aβ was found to bind to heme,forming Aβ-heme complex,which might contributed to the alteration of heme homeostasis in AD.The binding of heme to Aβ can inhibit Aβ aggregation and also can dissociate the aggregated state of Aβ,indicating that the interaction of Aβ with heme can play an important role in AD.Interestingly,Aβ-heme complex was found to possess higher peroxidase activity than heme,and we found this complex was more effective than heme in catalyzing the nitration of proteins,which imply that Aβ-heme may be the molecular link between Aβ and the widespread protein nitration in AD.Moreover,Aβ binds to heme has been shown to change the selectivity of the heme catalyzed protein nitration.These studies would help to understand the physiological roles of Aβ-heme in vivo and may be helpful for AD prevention and treatment.

Affect of 3R intensive nursing care for quality of life in Alzheimer patients

Objective To investigate the effect of 3R intensive nursing care for patients with Alzheimer Desease in cognitive function and quality of life.Methods Sixty-six of patients with AD in hospital were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.Patients in control group just accepted general medical care.Pailents in experimental group accepted general medical care and 3R intensive training,Reminiscence,Reality and Remotivation.All patients were evaluated respectively with IADL,FIM,WAIS-RC and MMSE about life quality improvement.Results Scores of MMSE and WMS of patients in the control group reduced after 6months.which did not change in the experimental group.Scores of ADL and FIM of patients in the control group did not change,but which improved in the experimental group(P<0.05).Conclusions Three R intensive training can improve cognitive function of patients with AD and can be helpful for their activities of daily living,which may be an effective measure for prevention of the aggravation of the patients'symptom and improving of patients'qualities of life. Key words: Alzheimer Disease; Reality Orientation; Remotivation; Quality of life

Honokiol Regulates Phosphorylation of Tau via Inhibition of GSK3β

Abnormal phosphorylation of tau plays an important role in neurodegeneration and subsequent dementia in Alzheimer's desease (AD). Much effort has been dedicated to treat AD, including inhibits GSK3β which is major kinase responsible for hyperphosphorylated tau. Honokiol, one of the major components isolated from Magnolia obovata, has been reported to have variety of pharmacological activities including anti‐inflammation and neuroprotection.In this study, the main objective was to determine whether Honokiol has inhibitory effects on phosphorylation of tau via modulation of GSK3β activities. Honokiol suppressed phosphorylation of tau in a dose‐dependent manner and inhibited GSK3β in 293T cells. Cholinergic neuroblastoma cell lines, LA‐N‐2 or SN56.B5.G4 were differentiated by CNTF and the cells were treated with oligomeric Aβ for an AD‐like pathogenic condition. The cells showed morphological changes such as long processes and branches, cell death and aggregation in the presence of CNTF or Aβ. Treatment with Honokiol not only recovered morphological changes but also decreased the phosphorylation of tau and the activity of GSK3β in vitro.Although further experiments about CDK5 which is known as the other cause for tau phosphorylation are required, our results implies that Honokiol regulates the phosphorylation of tau and the phosphorylation of GSK3β.

Respective characteristic from vascular and degenerative mild cognitive impairments

42 patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE) and 42 patients with Alzheimer desease were investigated. From neurologycal and neuropsychologycal tests and multyspiral computer tomography and electroencephalography it was exposed that vascular mild cognitive impairments (MCI) have dysfunction from neuroregulation and leucoareosis and lacunar inpharcts and hydrocephalia. Alzheimer desease MCI have cortical brain atrophy.

182-P: Polymorphism Ser326Cys of gen hOGG1 in Alzheimer desease

182-P: Polymorphism Ser326Cys of gen hOGG1 in Alzheimer desease

Carbonic Anhydrase Activation and the Drug Design

The activation mechanism of Carbonic Anhydrase was recently explained using kinetic, spectroscopic and X-ray techniques. It has been demonstrated that the activators molecules (CAAs) bind at the entrance of the enzyme active-site facilitating the rate-determining step of CA catalytic cycle. Drug design studies have been performed in order to obtain strong CAAs belonging to several chemical classes: amino acids, azoles, amine and their derivatives, etc. Structure-activity correlations of different activators are discussed for the most studied Carbonic Anhydrase isozymes: isoform I and II. The physiological relevance of CA activation and the possible application of CAAs in Alzheimer's disease and for other memory therapies are also treated.

Arjunolic acid in the ethanolic extract of Combretum leprosum root and its use as a potential multi-functional phytomedicine and drug for neurodegenerative disorders: anti-inflammatory and anticholinesterasic activities

Combretum leprosum Mart. & Eicher (Combretaceae) leaves and roots ethanolic extracts were investigated by HRGC-MS and showed mono- and oligosaccharides, fatty acids and triterpenes as major compounds after derivatization with BSTFA/ TMCS. Arjunolic acid (1) was quantified on dried roots ethanolic extract (65%) by external standard. Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and anticholinesterasic (AChE and BuChE) activities were observed for roots ethanolic extract of C. leprosum and arjunolic acid, suggesting both as promising targets for the development of innovative multi-functional medicines for Alzheimer desease treatment.

Variation in cost of informal caregiving and formal-service use for people with Alzheimer's desease

This study used a geographically diverse sample to estimate the total cost of informal care and formal services for community-residing Alzheimer's disease (AD) care recipients. Baseline data were used for 1200 family caregivers from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH) study, a multisite intervention trial. The replacement-wage-rate approach estimated informal cost. Formal services were assigned a cost based on secondary sources. Annual cost per care recipient amounted to 23,436 dollars for informal care and 8064 dollars for formal services. Variation in informal cost was almost entirely due to instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) assistance. Cross-site differences in cost persisted after controlling for caregiver and care-recipient characteristics. Geographic variation may suggest regional preferences or ethnic/cultural values. Further study is needed to determine whether this reflects differences in access or availability or how including a control group for care recipients with nondementia diagnoses might have affected these findings.

P.2.066 Treatment of psychotic disorder in geriatric patients with alzheimer's desease and functional psychosis — the use of new generation anti-psychotics

P.2.066 Treatment of psychotic disorder in geriatric patients with alzheimer's desease and functional psychosis — the use of new generation anti-psychotics

Parenchymal preamyloid and amyloid deposits in the brains of patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis—Dutch type

Hereditary cerebral hermorrhage with amyloidosis—Dutch type, one of the ‘cerebral β-amyloid diseases’, like Alzheimer's disease, is characterized by extensive deposition of amyloid in small cerebral vessels. We investigated the presence of parenchymal β-protein deposits in two Dutch patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis. Immunostaining with anti-SP28 revealed a full spectrum of these deposits, varying from preamyloid deposits to burned-out plaques. However, their density is less than in Alzheimer's desease, and immunostaining with Alz50 and anti-PHF did not show abnormal neurites in and around amyloid deposits in these two patients.