Alzheimer's Association Research Articles

Improving Dementia-Specific Referrals From the Acute Care Setting: A Quality Improvement Project.

The purpose of this quality improvement project was to design and implement an education and referral protocol for care coordination staff to use when working with hospitalized patients with dementia and their families. The goal was to increase delivery of dementia resource education and dementia-specific referrals during the discharge planning process. The practice setting for this project was an acute care hospital in Northern California. The care coordination department collaborated with the Northern California Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association to improve the delivery of referrals and follow-up with patients and families who were interested in additional information and support related to dementia. Twenty-one members of the care coordination department received education on the dementia disease process as well as community resources available to the patient population. The registered nurse care coordinators (RNCCs) and social workers (SWs) within the department then implemented a referral protocol to connect patients with dementia and their families to the Alzheimer's Association. Referral volume was captured over a 60-day preimplementation period, a 60-day implementation period, and a 60-day postimplementation period. The Northern California Chapter of the Alzheimer's Association tracked referral volume. A paired-sample t test was used to examine pre/postimplementation Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS) scores to evaluate the impact of the education intervention. Care coordination staff completed a pre/postimplementation survey on knowledge of community resources for dementia and confidence in connecting patients to these resources. They also completed a postimplementation survey about the benefit of the project to their care coordination practice. There was a modest, yet positive increase in referral volume over the 60-day implementation period ( n = 6) compared with the preimplementation period ( n = 1). An increase was sustained during the 60-day postimplementation period ( n = 4). Pre/posttimplementation DKAS scores significantly improved for care coordination staff postimplementation ( p < .001) by an average of 7 points. Fifty-three percent of RNCC and SW staff responded to the postimplementation survey, and results indicated they thought the project was beneficial ( n = 8) or somewhat beneficial ( n = 1) to practice. In addition, RNCC and SW staff reported an increase in awareness of available community resources and confidence in connecting patients and families to these resources. Case management professionals have an important role in providing education and support to patients and families across the continuum of care. The complexity and trajectory of illness, shortage of qualified providers, and gaps in provider knowledge about resources place patients with dementia and their families in an increasingly vulnerable position within the health care system. This quality improvement project demonstrates that care coordination staff can improve referrals to resources when in contact with patients and families in the acute care setting. Case managers can ensure patients with dementia and their families have access to the resources in the community that may prevent return to the emergency department or rehospitalization.

Promoting Advance Care Planning for Persons with Dementia: Study Protocol for the LEAD (Life-Planning in Early Alzheimer's and Other Dementias) Clinical Trial.

Due to the insidious progression of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), surrogate decision-makers typically make medical and long-term-care decisions for a care recipient, most often a family care partner. Unfortunately, many care recipient/care partner dyads have failed to engage in advance care planning or have lost the opportunity to do so due to the cognitive decline of the care recipient. To address this need, our team created a validated dementia-focused advance care planning tool known as the LEAD Guide (Life-Planning in Early Alzheimer's and Other Dementias). With funding from the National Alzheimer's Association and in consultation with our community advisory board, we developed a preliminary web-based intervention. This intervention integrates the LEAD Guide with self-paced educational modules that lead dyads through conversations and dementia-focused advance care planning processes. In this concept paper, we describe the aims of our funded R01 clinical trial (National Institute on Aging), where we aim to refine our preliminary web-based platform for use in a 5-month mixed-method NIH Stage-1 behavioral intervention. Using a sample of diverse community-based ADRD dyads (n = 60), we aim to: 1) describe the acceptability, usability, and feasibility of the intervention, 2) assess the initial efficacy of the intervention on the primary outcome (decision-making self-efficacy), and secondary outcomes (relationship quality, subjective well-being, anxiety) as perceived by both the care recipient and the care partner, and 3) examine advance care planning congruence as a mechanism of action. The LEAD clinical trial addresses public health challenges by guiding and supporting families through challenging advance care planning conversations, facilitating the transfer of knowledge regarding care preferences and values from the care recipient to the care partner, with the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life for both individuals with ADRD and their care partners.

Classification of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia using routine clinical and cognitive measures across multicentric underrepresented samples: A cross sectional observational study.

Global brain health initiatives call for improving methods for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in underrepresented populations. However, diagnostic procedures in upper-middle-income countries (UMICs) and lower-middle income countries (LMICs), such as Latin American countries (LAC), face multiple challenges. These include the heterogeneity in diagnostic methods, lack of clinical harmonisation, and limited access to biomarkers. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to identify the best combination of predictors to discriminate between AD and FTD using demographic, clinical and cognitive data among 1794 participants [904 diagnosed with AD, 282 diagnosed with FTD, and 606 healthy controls (HCs)] collected in 11 clinical centres across five LAC (ReDLat cohort). A fully automated computational approach included classical statistical methods, support vector machine procedures, and machine learning techniques (random forest and sequential feature selection procedures). Results demonstrated an accurate classification of patients with AD and FTD and HCs. A machine learning model produced the best values to differentiate AD from FTD patients with an accuracy = 0.91. The top features included social cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, executive functioning performance, and cognitive screening; with secondary contributions from age, educational attainment, and sex. Results demonstrate that data-driven techniques applied in archival clinical datasets could enhance diagnostic procedures in regions with limited resources. These results also suggest specific fine-grained cognitive and behavioural measures may aid in the diagnosis of AD and FTD in LAC. Moreover, our results highlight an opportunity for harmonisation of clinical tools for dementia diagnosis in the region. This work was supported by the Multi-Partner Consortium to Expand Dementia Research in Latin America (ReDLat), funded by NIA/NIH (R01AG057234), Alzheimer's Association (SG-20-725707-ReDLat), Rainwater Foundation, Takeda (CW2680521), Global Brain Health Institute; as well as CONICET; FONCYT-PICT (2017-1818, 2017-1820); PIIECC, Facultad de Humanidades, Usach; Sistema General de Regalías de Colombia (BPIN2018000100059), Universidad del Valle (CI 5316); ANID/FONDECYT Regular (1210195, 1210176, 1210176); ANID/FONDAP (15150012); ANID/PIA/ANILLOS ACT210096; and Alzheimer's Association GBHI ALZ UK-22-865742.

Home health care of Iranian elderly with dementia: Study protocol for guideline adaptation.

Advanced stages of dementia interfere with elderly self-care. Consequently, they need caregivers who take responsibility for their care in the long-term. Restrictions to the caregiver's access to information, resources, and organizational support have created problems in their caregiver role, which is why the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes caring for caregivers by providing evidence-based information and training programs. As there is no clinical practice guideline for home care in the Islamic Republic of Iran, this study aims to develop a home health care guideline for the elderly with dementia. The ADAPTE process provided by the Guidelines International Network was considered as the basis. In order to identify the care needs of Iranian patients with dementia, semi-structured interviews were added to this guideline. The identification and implementation of the perspectives of patients and caregivers during the process of guidelines adaptation increase the applicability of the guidelines. Improved quality of life for the patients in their place of residence is one of the expected consequences of this guideline's implementation. The developed guidelines will be used at home health care centers, and dementia and Alzheimer's associations in Iran.

Microglia rely on SYK signalling to mount neuroprotective responses in models of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.

Microglia rely on SYK signalling to mount neuroprotective responses in models of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.

Engaging individuals living with dementia as stakeholders.

The Alzheimer's Association has been convening individuals living with dementia as stakeholders for nearly 2 decades. This article outlines the evolution of, and lessons learned from, the Association's leadership in stakeholder engagement. It will also highlight the contributions of the Association's Early Stage Advisory Group in the areas of public policy, programming and resources, medical and scientific advancements, and public awareness. In addition, this article will discuss the ways in which the research community has come to recognize the importance of including the voices of persons living with dementia in their work and has looked to the Association for guidance and leadership. Last, it will describe the future directions of the Association with regard to increasing the influence and profile of these key stakeholders.

Expanding the scope of health disparities research in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Recommendations from the "Leveraging Existing Data and Analytic Methods for Health Disparities Research Related to Aging and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias" Workshop Series.

Topics discussed at the "Leveraging Existing Data and Analytic Methods for Health Disparities Research Related to Aging and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias" workshop, held by Duke University and the Alzheimer's Association with support from the National Institute on Aging, are summarized. Ways in which existing data resources paired with innovative applications of both novel and well-known methodologies can be used to identify the effects of multi-level societal, community, and individual determinants of race/ethnicity, sex, and geography-related health disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia are proposed. Current literature on the population analyses of these health disparities is summarized with a focus on identifying existing gaps in knowledge, and ways to mitigate these gaps using data/method combinations are discussed at the workshop. Substantive and methodological directions of future research capable of advancing health disparities research related to aging are formulated.

Efficacy of iSupport-Brasil for unpaid caregivers of people living with dementia: protocol for a randomized and controlled clinical trial.

To describe the design of a randomized clinical trial to measure the efficacy of the iSupport-Brasil version on caregivers' mental health and well-being. The participants will be randomized into Intervention Group (IG) (n=195) and Control Group (CG) (n=195). For three months, the IG will access the iSupport-Brasil platform, the CG will enter the electronic page of the Brazilian Alzheimer's Association, and both groups will be emailed the preliminary version of the "Guia de cuidados para a pessoa idosa" e-book (a guide to providing care to the elderly) from the Ministry of Health. The data will be collected at three moments: baseline, and three and six months after the beginning of the intervention. It is expected that it will be possible to provide diverse validity evidence about iSupport-Brasil as an online and free intervention alternative, as a preventive means and as a way to promote mental health among caregivers of people living with dementia. Through the evaluation protocol of this randomized clinical trial on the effects of the iSupport-Brasil program, it may become a reference for countries that plan to adapt and improve the iSupport program using digital health solutions.

Alzheimer's Disease and Aging Association: Identification and Validation of Related Genes.

Aging is considered a key risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to identify and validate potential aging-related genes associated with AD using bioinformatics analysis. Datasets GSE36980 and GSE5281 were selected to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the immune cell correlation analysis and GSEA analysis of DEGs were performed. The intersection with senescence genes was taken as differentially expressed senescence-related genes (DESRGs), and the GSE44770 dataset was used for further validation. The potential biological functions and signaling pathways were determined by GO and KEGG, and the hub genes were identified by 12 algorithms in Cytohubba. The expression of 10 hub genes in different brain regions was determined and single-cell sequencing analysis was performed, and diagnostic genes were further screened by gene expression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Finally, a miRNA-gene network of diagnostic genes was constructed and targeted drug prediction was performed. A total of 2137 DEGs were screened from the GSE36980 and GSE5281 datasets, and 278 SRGs were identified from the CellAge database. The overlapping DEGs and SRGs constituted 29 DESRGs, including 14 senescence suppressor genes and 15 senescence inducible genes. The top 10 hub genes, including MDH1, CKB, PSMD14, SMARCA4, PEBP1, DDB2, ITPKB, ATF7IP, YAP1, and EWSR1 were screened. Furthermore, four diagnostic genes were identified: PMSD14, PEBP1, ITPKB, and ATF7IP. The ROC analysis showed that the respective area under the curves (AUCs) of PMSD14, PEBP1, ITPKB, and ATF7IP were 0.732, 0.701, 0.747, and 0.703 in the GSE36980 dataset and 0.870, 0.817, 0.902, and 0.834 in the GSE5281 dataset. In the GSE44770 dataset, PMSD14 (AUC, 0.838) and ITPKB (AUC, 0.952) had very high diagnostic values in the early stage of AD. Finally, based on these diagnostic genes, we found that the drug Abemaciclib is a targeted drug for the treatment of age-related AD. Flutamide can aggravate aging-related AD. The results of this study suggest that cellular SRGs might play an important role in AD. PMSD14, PEBP1, ITPKB, and ATF7IP have the potential as specific biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AD.

Dementia Care Coordination: Evaluating a Program to Support Caregivers through Collaboration with the Alzheimer's Association and Health Care Partners.

A dementia diagnosis presents a myriad of non-medical needs that are burdensome to caregivers and critical for disease management. Most medical professionals lack the time and training to meet these needs for support, education, and resources. The Alzheimer's Association MA/NH Chapter has developed the Dementia Care Coordination program that partners health care providers and payors with dementia care consultants to improve outcomes for caregivers. Dementia Care Coordination is a telehealth-based program that has provided invaluable support and tools for caregivers to manage the increased challenges and isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic. This caregiver support and efficacy are vital to the health and well-being of a person living with dementia. A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate Dementia Care Coordination. Program data were analyzed. A survey measuring self-efficacy, unmet needs, and satisfaction was distributed to caregivers at baseline and three months and six months post-referral. Key informant interviews with caregivers supplemented survey results. A survey measuring provider confidence in dementia management and program impact and satisfaction was distributed to referring partners. Case studies with several referring partners provided additional descriptions. Total Referrals for Dementia Care Coordination have increased 91% since the pandemic. Surveys for both caregivers and referring partners found high satisfaction with the program. Key informant interviews with caregivers and case studies with referring partners described the positive impact of the program. Ongoing analyses of the quantitative data from the surveys indicate improvement in unmet needs and self-efficacy among caregivers and improved provider confidence to manage dementia. Dementia Care Coordination is a successful program to meet the needs of and improve outcomes for caregivers. The support, education, and resources were pivotal in managing the additional stresses of the COVID-19 pandemic for dementia caregivers. The Alzheimer's Association New England Chapters will use the evaluation data to further improve the program, expand healthcare partners, serve more families, and develop a tool kit for replication in other chapters.

A federated framework of brain image processing using the Global Alzheimer's Association Interactive Network

AbstractBackgroundThe Global Alzheimer's Association Interactive Network (GAAIN) is a unique federated framework that allows users to explore clinical and biomarker data from 57 Alzheimer’s disease data repositories around the world. Integrating brain image processing pipelines with GAAIN data is an important next step that will allow users to derive imaging metrics based on their own analyses.MethodTo that end, we present a federated image processing framework that expands the current capabilities of GAAIN. Within this framework, GAAIN users can initiate image processing pipelines remotely on the data partners’ imaging data prior to requesting the data. Within the same framework, GAAIN users can also explore the results derived from each imaging pipeline and perform basic analyses. Finally, results from each analysis can be imported back to GAAIN and analyzed alongside existing GAAIN variables.ResultWe present a case study by initiating a volumetric analysis directly from GAAIN.ConclusionThis framework provides a solution for imaging data owners to house and protect their imaging data in compliance with the federated character of GAAIN, and, at the same time, for users to analyze imaging data relevant to their GAAIN cohort of interest. We believe that deploying brain image processing pipelines on existing GAAIN data repositories will be pivotal in terms of using big data to propel basic research and clinical trial design in Alzheimer’s disease.

Alzheimer's Association names Dr. Joanne Pike its next chief executive officer

Alzheimer's Association names Dr. Joanne Pike its next chief executive officer

Identifying priorities and supporting ADRD researchers through Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Research Education Components

In 2018, The National Institute on Aging introduced Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Research Education Components (RECs) to support research educational activities to complement the training of a workforce to meet the nation's research needs in AD and related dementias, and develop the next generation of scientists to lead cross-disciplinary, translational, team-science projects on AD or AD-related dementias. Identifying needs and priorities as well as determining the impact of RECs requires tracking of new initiatives, and collaboration between multiple supportive institutions. In September 2020, the ADRC REC Steering Committee was established. A major priority of the committee was to increase communication and collaboration between ADRC RECs and their trainees. To that end, the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center launched the ADRC REC website in 2021 (https://naccdata.org/adrc-resources/rec-home) to leverage existing training resources and share job and funding opportunities. To further assess needs, REC leaders were surveyed on how they defined, trained and supported their trainees. In September 2021, REC leaders met to discuss the survey results and inform the REC Steering Committee of ways that the RECs could collaborate and better support ADRD trainees. Twenty-eight of the 32 (88%) approached ADRCs responded to the survey. The results (Figure 1) determined that 1) trainee mentoring, 2) increasing the diversity of trainees and 3) promoting and creating training opportunities were the top priorities of ADRC RECs. The REC Steering Committee has aligned its goals to support these topics. The REC Steering Committee has established a collaboration with the Alzheimer's Association to create a core curriculum to support trainees and leverage the Association's Professional Interest Areas to elevate trainees. Additionally, a Diversity Workgroup comprising REC leaders and ADRC affiliates has been established to develop approaches to attract, retain, mentor and support diverse trainees. Bringing together and seeking input from the ADRC RECs helped identify existing opportunities as well as areas of growth for ADRC RECs. Increasing communication between RECs and supportive entities in the ADRD field, and tracking new initiatives, will facilitate greater support of ADRD researchers. Collecting metrics of need and impact will facilitate evaluation of the RECs' success over time.

Novel role of microRNA‐9 in stimulating mature BDNF and reducing cellular REST level in human fetal brain derived primary neuron culture.

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease are the most common neurodegenerative diseases. As of a 2021 report, the Alzheimer's Association estimates that the number of Americans with AD could be as many as 6.2 million. However, how the patho‐biochemical changes are regulated at the cellular level is still largely unknown.Our goal is to devise ways to arrest and/or reverse neurodegeneration. Our objective is to determine the molecular pathway in promoting neuronal survival. MicroRNA (miRNA), a group of small non‐coding RNAs, regulates multiple biological and pathological processes by binding to target mRNAs, the disruption of which could contribute to AD pathogenesis. Our hypothesis is to determine the role of a specific miRNA that can promote neural survival and neuronal gene expression. Our aim is two‐fold. First is to increase levels of BDNF, which is a neurotrophic factor. This protein promotes the survival of nerve cells by playing a role in the growth, maturation (differentiation), and maintenance of these cells. Second goal is to de‐repress neuronal gene expression by reducing REST protein. Can these aims be achieved by using one micro‐RNA? Here we show miR‐9's ability to exert both these actions in a beneficial way.MethodHuman primary cortical neurons, astrocytes and differentiated neuroblastoma were transfected with miR‐9. Cells lysate and culture media were harvested. Western blotting and ELISA were performed to determine target protein levels. Well‐defined human brain autopsy samples from AD patients and healthy elders were assayed for mature BDNF.ResultTreatment with synthetic miR‐9 mimics stimulated secretion of mature BDNF in human primary cortical ReN cells. Under the same condition, miR‐9 treatment decreased levels of nuclear Repressor Element 1‐Silencing Transcription factor (REST) protein. Treatment with antisense to miR‐9 (antagomiR) reversed the effect of miR‐9 on mBDNF and REST levels.ConclusionMiR‐9 increased mBDNF while reducing REST. REST is known to silence neuronal genes and BDNF to promote neural survival. Due to the twin impacts: increasing BDNF and decreasing REST, miR‐9 plays a vital role in neuron’s vitality and health. The further experiment would determine whether miR‐9 treatment would protect neuronal against insults that lead to neurodegeneration.

The European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia Programme: An Innovative Medicines Initiative-funded partnership to facilitate secondary prevention of Alzheimer's disease dementia.

Tens of millions of people worldwide will develop Alzheimer's disease (AD), and only by intervening early in the preclinical disease can we make a fundamental difference to the rates of late-stage disease where clinical symptoms and societal burden manifest. However, collectively utilizing data, samples, and knowledge amassed by large-scale projects such as the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI)-funded European Prevention of Alzheimer's Dementia (EPAD) program will enable the research community to learn, adapt, and implement change. In the current article, we define and discuss the substantial assets of the EPAD project for the scientific community, patient population, and industry, describe the EPAD structure with a focus on how the public and private sector interacted and collaborated within the project, reflect how IMI specifically supported the achievements of the above, and conclude with a view for future. The EPAD project was a €64-million investment to facilitate secondary prevention of AD dementia research. The project recruited over 2,000 research participants into the EPAD longitudinal cohort study (LCS) and included over 400 researchers from 39 partners. The EPAD LCS data and biobank are freely available and easily accessible via the Alzheimer's Disease Data Initiative's (ADDI) AD Workbench platform and the University of Edinburgh's Sample Access Committee. The trial delivery network established within the EPAD program is being incorporated into the truly global offering from the Global Alzheimer's Platform (GAP) for trial delivery, and the almost 100 early-career researchers who were part of the EPAD Academy will take forward their experience and learning from EPAD to the next stage of their careers. Through GAP, IMI-Neuronet, and follow-on funding from the Alzheimer's Association for the data and sample access systems, the EPAD assets will be maintained and, as and when sponsors seek a new platform trial to be established, the learnings from EPAD will ensure that this can be developed to be even more successful than this first pan-European attempt.

Alzheimer's Association takes on leadership role in landmark Alzheimer's biomarker study.

Alzheimer's & DementiaEarly View ASSOCIATION UPDATE Alzheimer's Association takes on leadership role in landmark Alzheimer's biomarker study First published: 04 November 2022 https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12873Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue RelatedInformation

Developing an animated COVID-19 e-curriculum for adults with dementia and caregivers: Challenges and solutions

ObjectivesEffective education and support for adults with dementia and their caregivers around pandemic issues is critical for protecting them. Animation-based learning has shown promise in patient education. We collaborated with educators and support staff at Alzheimer's Association Connecticut (AACT) to conduct a mixed-methods study and develop an animated e-curriculum addressing pandemic related challenges. MethodsWe conducted focus groups and surveys with dementia and caregiver educators and support staff at AACT for the initial needs assessment and the later e-curriculum evaluation. An interdisciplinary team of educators followed a step-wise process to transform the needs assessment results into an animation based e-curriculum. ResultsParticipants identified the following pandemic challenges: 1) social isolation, 2) caregiver fatigue, 3) safety, and 4) difficulty navigating the healthcare system. The overall quality and usefulness of the e-curriculum was “very good” or “excellent”. ConclusionsAn animated e-curriculum addressing pandemic related issues relevant to adults with dementia and caregivers had positive reviews and was associated with improvement in self-reported ability to perform curriculum objectives among community dementia educators. Practice implicationsThe pandemic challenges identified may facilitate the development of further resources. Additionally, this project may serve as a guide for clinicians interested in incorporating animation into education efforts.

Hypothesis review: Alzheimer's overture guidelines.

National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association definition and classification of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is based on the assumption that β-amyloid drives the pathogenesis of sAD, and therefore, β-amyloid pathology is the sine-qua-non condition for the diagnosis of sAD. The neuropathological diagnosis is based on the concurrence of senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) designated as Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes. However, NFTs develop in the brain decades before the appearance of SPs, and their distribution does not parallel the distribution of SPs. Moreover, NFTs are found in about 85% of individuals at age 65 and around 97% at age 80. SPs occur in 30% at age 65 and 50%-60% at age 80. More than 70 genetic risk factors have been identified in sAD; the encoded proteins modulate cell membranes, synapses, lipid metabolism, and neuroinflammation. Alzheimer's disease (AD) overture provides a new concept and definition of brain aging and sAD for further discussion. AD overture proposes that sAD is: (i) a multifactorial and progressive neurodegenerative biological process, (ii) characterized by the early appearance of 3R + 4Rtau NFTs, (iii) later deposition of β-amyloid and SPs, (iv) with particular non-overlapped regional distribution of NFTs and SPs, (v) preceded by or occurring in parallel with molecular changes affecting cell membranes, cytoskeleton, synapses, lipid and protein metabolism, energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, cell cycle, astrocytes, microglia, and blood vessels; (vi) accompanied by progressive neuron loss and brain atrophy, (vii) prevalent in human brain aging, and (viii) manifested as pre-clinical AD, and progressing not universally to mild cognitive impairment due to AD, and mild, moderate, and severe AD dementia.

Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC) 2022. San Diego – July 31-August 4, 2022

Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC) 2022. San Diego – July 31-August 4, 2022

Alzheimer's Association launches ALZ-NET: A long-term data collection and sharing network for new treatments.

Alzheimer's Association launches ALZ-NET: A long-term data collection and sharing network for new treatments.