Aluminum Suspension Research Articles

Superior Industries International, Inc.

AbstractAutomotive (MIC: 15.1 SIC: 3714 NAIC:336399)Superior Industries International designs and manufactures automotive parts and accessories for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Co. supplies cast and forged aluminum wheels to automobile and light truck manufacturers, with wheel manufacturing facilities in the U.S., Mexico and Hungary. The OEM cast aluminum road wheels, Co.'s primary product, are sold to General Motors and Ford, which together accounted for 85.0% of 2003 sales, as well as to DaimlerChrysler, Audi, BMW, Isuzu, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mazda, MG Rover, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Subaru, Toyota and Volkswagen. Co. also manufactures aluminum suspension and underbody components.

Superior Industries International, Inc.

AbstractAutomotive (MIC: 15.1 SIC: 3714 NAIC:336399)Superior Industries International designs and manufactures automotive parts and accessories for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). Co. supplies cast and forged aluminum wheels to automobile and light truck manufacturers, with wheel manufacturing facilities in the U.S., Mexico and Hungary. The OEM cast aluminum road wheels, Co.'s primary product, are sold to General Motors and Ford, which together accounted for 85.0% of 2003 sales, as well as to DaimlerChrysler, Audi, BMW, Isuzu, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mazda, MG Rover, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Subaru, Toyota and Volkswagen. Co. also manufactures aluminum suspension and underbody components.

Rheology of Nano-Scale Aluminum Suspensions

Nano-scale aluminum particles are innovative materials which are used increasingly in energetic formulations. In this contribution, the rheological behavior of suspensions with either paraffin oil or HTPB as the matrix fluid and nano-scale aluminum (ALEX) as the dispersed phase is described and discussed. The paraffin oil/aluminum suspensions exhibit non-Newtonian flow behavior over a wide range of concentrations, whereas the HTPB/aluminum suspensions exhibit Newtonian behavior (i.e. the viscosity is independent of shear stress) up to a concentration of 50 vol.% aluminum. Both systems have unusual viscoelastic properties in that their elastic moduli are independent of the solids concentration.

The new Audi A4 Avant

The new A4 Avant is a luxury estate car or “sport wagon”, combining design and dynamics with elegance and versatility. The sporty lines of the design, with its high belt line and discreetly suggested wedge shape, are marked by a puristic clarity. As with the A4 saloon, development of the Avant was focused in particular on achieving a careful balance for the vehicle as a whole. Many of the technical features, for example the engines and the aluminium suspension, are the same as those in the saloon. The multi-functionality and the optimum usability of the load-carrying space have been extensively further developed in comparison to the predecessor model.

Natural convection heat transfer in a circular enclosure

Natural convection heat transfer in a circular enclosure, one half of which was heated and the other half of which was cooled, was investigated experimentally, focusing on the effect of the inclination angle. The experiments were carried out with water. Flow and temperature field were visualized by using the aluminum and liquid-crystal suspension method. The results show that with downward heating the heat transfer coefficient increased as the inclination angle of the boundary between the heating wall and the cooling wall approached the vertical. But with upward heating, the heat transfer coefficient showed minimal change, exhibiting a small peak value when the inclination angle was γ ˜ –45°. The heat transfer coefficient of a flat circular enclosure was estimated from the circular enclosure's heat transfer coefficient. These results can be explained by the obtained flow and temperature fields. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 28(2): 152–163, 1999

Development of Casting Technology for Aluminum Suspension Cross-Member

Development of Casting Technology for Aluminum Suspension Cross-Member

On the Flavor Preference of Antacid Suspensions

A standard base for a commercial formulation of aluminum and magnesium hydroxides antacid suspension was prepared in five flavors (cinnamon, cherry, apricot, peppermint, and spearmint) and tested for organoleptic preference by a group of 65 untrained judges from three different institutions. Correlation analysis between the sums of ranks of the results inidicated that cinnamon, spearmint, peppermint, and apricot had a highly significant difference (a = 0.01) with cherry, which was the least preferred flavor. There were no significant differences among the other four flavors although the preference was in the order given above. It can be concluded from this study that sensory evaluation techniques can be advantageously applied for the selection of flavors in antacid formulations. This selection could be helpful to optimize compliance of the patient with gastrointestinal conditions with the prescribed therapy and also to the commercial success of this type of OTC medication.

ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL NORMAL STRESS MEASUREMENTS OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS AND SUSPENSIONS

Normal stress measurement under an electric field is demonstrated as a new method of evaluating ER effects. The measurement was applied to liquid crystalline polymers, low molecular-weight liquid crystals, polymer suspension, and aluminum suspension. The normal stress of the liquid crystalline polymers drastically increased under an electric field at high shear rate, which suggests existence of an elastic network structure of the polymer chains. The normal stress of the suspensions also changed in the field, indicating that interaction of particles results in an increase of both shear stress and normal stress. These changes of the normal stress give additional information which is helpful for characterizing ER effects.

Flavor Selection for an Aluminum and Magnesium Hydroxides Antacid Suspension

AbstractThe organoleptic properties of a formulated oral liquid drug are an important feature that has to be considered by the manufacturer for patient acceptance of the medication and, particularly, for the commercial success of over-the-counter (OTC) products. In this work we report the results of using techniques on sensory evaluation to establish a methodology useful to help the manufacturer to select a particular flavor for a formulation oriented to the occasional consumer of antacids. Four differently flavored formulations prepared from a standard base of aluminum and magnesium hydroxides antacid suspension were tested by a panel of nine judges (ages 20-34) trained in the method and in the sensory characteristics of the product. Tests were carried out using natural light and repeated with red light, since color of samples can bias the panelists' decision for a preferred flavor. In both cases a ranking test with a 1-4 scale (1 most preferred; 4 least preferred) was used to determine panelist preferen...

Application of Sensory Evaluation Triangle Tests for Quality Control of Liquid Antacids

AbstractThe triangle difference test was applied to detect lot to lot variations in organoleptic properties in aluminum and magnesium hydroxides antacid suspensions from 22 lots prepared in different dates, with separation from 1 to 310 days. The panelists consisted of 10 to 17 trained judges, ages 18 to 24. Random samples were presented properly codified in six possible combinations. A total of 12 triangle tests was carried out and results were analyzed by the chi-square test in three significance levels (α = 0.05, α = 0.01 and α = 0.001). No significant differences in organoleptic properties (α = 0.05) were found in lots with difference in manufacturing date from 1 to 15 days, except in one test with a three day difference. There is at least significant difference in samples whose production date differs from 60 to 310 days and the frequency of finding significant, highly significant (α = 0.01) and very highly significant (α = 0.001) differences in sensory attributes increases as the difference in produ...

Ａｌ―Ｓｉ―Ｍｇ合金サスペンション部品への鋳造／鍛造法の適用における鍛造品形状の検討

Aluminum suspension parts are usually formed by die forging process. This process shows high level of dies and material costs, because of the utilization of aluminum extrusion and forming in three sets of dies. Therefore the portion of the forging process is replaced with casting one to save the cost. This process, named 'cast/forging process', uses one set of dies and the workpiece made by casting. But reduction of the forging process decreases plastic deformation in the product. And it also decreases the mechanical properties. Therefore the effect of the forging process on the mechanical properties is investigated. The distribution of equivalent plastic strain in typical forging products is calculated by FEM. As a result, the forging die configuration and the workpiece shape suitable for the 'cast/forging process' are presented. One of suspension parts is also formed as an experiment. The static fracture strength in the trial parts is measured. Results obtained satisfy the requirements.

Sensory Analysis of Liquid Oral Dosage Forms Antacid Suspensions

Sensory analysis of pharmaceutical oral dosage forms can be used effectively in product development and quality control to improve patient acceptance of the drug. In this work, sensory analysis is applied to detect consumer preference for formulations of aluminum and magnesium hydroxide antacid suspensions. A ranking test was applied to six peppermint flavored commercial samples (identified from A to F) of the antacid with the same therapeutical potency. The samples corresponded to four different formulations and six batches from three manufacturers. The ranking test was applied in duplicate to ten judges (ages 20–34) trained in the method and in the main sensory characteristics of the product. The coded samples were presented randomly in duplicate to each judge with six replications, and results were recorded in a preference scale from 1 to 6 (1 = most preferred). Statistical analysis of the data considered the sample as the only cause for variation and the minimum significant difference was determined a...

Electrical conductivity measurement in the detonation of gases containing aluminum suspensions

In this work measurements were taken of the conductivity during detonation of gas suspensions (H2+O2)−Al and O2−Al. The expriments were performed in a shock tube at initial pressures p0=0.2–0.6 atm and with mean volumetric powder densities\(\bar \rho \)=01.–0.5 kg/cm3. The high σ=10−2 to 1 mho/m conductivity exists over an extensive region of the hot reaction products and has a thermal nature.

Aluminizing in enameling

At the Scientific-Research Institute for Enameling of Chemical Machinery an investigation has been made of the process of aluminizing steel parts for the purpose of protecting unenameled surfaces from oxidation. Three methods were investigated: immersion in molten metal, painting with an aluminum suspension, and metallizing. For the investigation flat 75 X 50 X 10 mm samples of 08sp steel were used. Finds that aluminum metallizing makes it possible to eliminate losses of metal to oxidation of 5-6 kg per m/sup 2/, to decrease by no less than two times the costs for shot blasting of unenameled surfaces before painting, to increase the service life of the electrical spirals in furnaces, to significantly increase production culture, to eliminate entry of scale into the enamel coating, and consequently to increase the quality of enameled equipment. Concludes that taking into consideration the approximately equal cost of the aluminum wire used for metallizing and the enamel granulate, the high productivity of the operation, the simplicity of accomplishing it, the possibility of mechanization and combining in time the operations of annealing the enamel coating and aluminizing, and the availability of standard equipment for the process, enameling of steel equipment with the use of metallizing ofmore » the unprotected surfaces with aluminum may be recommended for introduction.« less

Effect of the nature of the dispersing medium and powder concentration on the resistance to agglomeration of an aluminum powder suspension during sedimentation analysis

1. A study was made, involving determinations of the resistance to agglomeration of suspensions by means of FEK-M photoelectrocolorimeters and Figurovskii's balance, with the aim of evaluating the suitability of various organic dispersing media for the sedimentation analysis of aluminum powders. Sedimentation tests on powders with Figurovskii's balance give the most reliable particle size distribution data because the method employed allows for the viscosity and density of the dispersing medium. 2. It was found that aluminum powder remains agglomerated in nonpolar liquids (benzene, toluene, xylene, carbon tetrachloride). In cyclohexanone and butyl, isopropyl, and ethyl (under 92%) alcohols, partial deagglomeration of aluminum powder occurs. The best resistance to agglomeration of suspensions is obtained in concentrated ethyl alcohol and acetone. It is shown, however, that acetone is not a satisfactory dispersing medium. The most effective medium for the dispersion of aluminum powders is concentrated (not less than 92%) ethyl alcohol. 3. A study was made also of the effect of concentration upon the resistance to agglomeration of suspensions for aluminum powders of various degrees of fineness. It was established that, the finer the powder, the lower is the limit of permissible aluminum suspension concentration. For aluminum powders with specific surfaces of 0.2–0.4 g/m2, a suspension concentration of 0.5% is permissible. For powders with specific surfaces of more than 0.4 m2/g, the suspension concentration should not exceed 0.4%.