Aluminum Strips Research Articles

Heat Hunting in a Freezer: Direct Measurement of Quasiparticle Diffusion in Superconducting Nanowire

Propagation and relaxation of nonequilibrium quasiparticles in superconductors are fundamental for functioning of numerous nanoscale devices, enabling operation of some of them, and limiting the performance of others. The quasiparticles heated above lattice temperature may relax locally via phonon or photon-emission channels, or diffuse over appreciable distances in a nanostructure altering the functionality of their remote components. Tracing quasiparticles experimentally in real-time domain has remained a challenging task owing to their rapid dynamics. With electronic nanothermometry, based on probing of the temperature-dependent switching current of a superconducting nanobridge, we monitor heat pulse carried by a flux of nonequilibrium quasiparticles as it passes by our detector with a noise-equivalent temperature of 10 $\mathrm{mK}/\sqrt{N}$, where $N$ is the number of pulses probing the bridge (typically $N=10\phantom{\rule{0.1em}{0ex}}000$), and temporal resolution of a single nanosecond. The measurement provides the picture of quasiparticle diffusion in a superconducting aluminum strip and direct determination of the diffusion constant $D$ equal to 100 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}/$s with no energy dependence visible.

Anthranilic Acid Schiff Base as a Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Arsenite and Selenite: A Detailed Investigation of Analytical Parameters and Mechanism for Interaction.

The exploration of an anthranilic acid based Schiff base SB as a "Turn-ON" fluorescent probe for the detection of highly toxic selenite (SeIV) and arsenite (AsIII) species in an aqueous medium is described. The selectivity of SB towards SeIV and AsIII in the presence of other ions was investigated by some spectrofluorimetric and 1H NMR spectroscopic experiments. The studies revealed the interaction between SB and AsIII via the deprotonation of phenolic -OH, which enhanced the conjugation in phenolate ion and in turn enhanced the emission response. The SB has analytical prospects for the quantification of AsIII and SeIV with good sensitivity (LODs; 5.15 ppb for SeIV and 3.12 ppb for AsIII calculated by S/N = 3σ/K). Furthermore, it can be used to evaluate real and synthetic samples for the presence of SeIV and AsIII species as well as the fabrication of on-spot recognition devices (in the form of silica gels SB@SiO2 and silica coated TLC aluminium strips SB@SiO2@Al).

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON SINGLE AND DOUBLE JOINTED CU-AL BIMETALLIC STRIPS USING FRICTION STIR SPOT WELDING PROCESS

Welding is one of the best and quick process to join metals. In modern times, we concern more about environmental hazards due to hazardous gases liberated during conventional welding processes. Fiction Stir welding is a simple process in which a solid metal joint is produced by the heat of friction. In a similar technique, we can make spot welds of similar or dissimilar metallic joints by using Friction Stir Spot Welding. Since there is an absence of any liberation of poisonous gases, this method is safe to the environment and user. In this study, we made a dissimilar lap joint of Copper and Aluminium strips using an H13 steel tool. The pin profile of the tool is based on the thickness of the plate/weld. Weld based process parameters such as tool rotational speed, Dwell time and plunge depth. A lap joint with a desirable overlapping length between friction weld spots is compared and analyzed for mechanical bonding strength for both single and double joints. The results show a considerable increase in tensile strength for double-jointed specimen compared to a single-joint.

Effect of Annealing Conditions on the Evolution of the Grain Structure and Intermetallic Phases in the Cold-Rolled Strip of Aluminum–Magnesium Alloy

The effect of annealing conditions of the cold-rolled strip made of a new aluminum–magnesium alloy 1565ch, containing zinc and zirconium, on the evolution of the grain structure has been analyzed in this work. This material was recently developed by Russian scientists and has already been used in transport engineering, but has not yet been sufficiently studied. Recrystallization processes occurring in this alloy and their connection with intermetallic particles are of particular interest. This work is aimed at studying the effect of the temperature and annealing time on the grain size in the 1565ch alloy. The grain structure has been studied by optical microscopy, and the intermetallic particles have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the phase composition of the 1565ch alloy has been calculated using Thermo-Calc software. The grain size after achieving the recrystallization threshold has been shown to be insensitive to the annealing time and directly depends only on the annealing temperature, which no longer has a noticeable effect after 350°C. The 1565ch alloy tends to recrystallization with involving coarse intermetallic particles of the second phase. These particles are Al6(Mn, Fe) and Mg2Si. In addition, the effect of fine intermetallic particles on the recrystallization process has been investigated. The dissolution and coagulation of the fine particles in this alloy provoke rapid recrystallization.

Characteristics of silicon strip sensor irradiated up to a proton fluence of [formula omitted

Silicon semiconductor detector technology has been adopted in experiments using the high-luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), to perform precision tracking in the inner region surrounding the collision point, where the traversing particle fluence reaches 1×1016 1-MeV neq∕cm2. In the future, hadron colliders should provide even higher luminosities for rare physics searches, with detectors that exhibit even better radiation hardness. Fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics, n+-in-p microstrip detectors developed for the HL-LHC were irradiated with 70 MeV protons up to a fluence of 1017neq∕cm2, and the changes in the characteristics were evaluated to estimate the performance and possible improvements in the design of the silicon detector for future experiments.The characterization was conducted based on the methods developed for the characterization of the ATLAS Inner Tracker strip sensors; the charge collection measured with penetrating 90Sr β-rays, the interstrip capacitance and aluminum strip resistance, the poly-silicon bias resistance, the implant strip resistance, and the punch-through protection.

Ultra-sensitive refractive index sensor using CMOS plasmonic transducers on silicon photonic interferometric platform.

Optical refractive-index sensors exploiting selective co-integration of plasmonics with silicon photonics has emerged as an attractive technology for biosensing applications that can unleash unprecedented performance breakthroughs that reaps the benefits of both technologies. However, towards this direction, a major challenge remains their integration using exclusively CMOS-compatible materials. In this context, herein, we demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, a CMOS-compatible plasmo-photonic Mach-Zehnder-interferometer (MZI) based on aluminum and Si3N4 waveguides, exhibiting record-high bulk sensitivity of 4764 nm/RIU with clear potential to scale up the bulk sensitivity values by properly engineering the design parameters of the MZI. The proposed sensor is composed of Si3N4 waveguides butt-coupled with an aluminum stripe in one branch to realize the sensing transducer. The reference arm is built by Si3N4 waveguides, incorporating a thermo-optic phase shifter followed by an MZI-based variable optical attenuation stage to maximize extinction ratio up to 38 dB, hence optimizing the overall sensing performance. The proposed sensor exhibits the highest bulk sensitivity among all plasmo-photonic counterparts, while complying with CMOS manufacturing standards, enabling volume manufacturing.

Measurement of turbulence properties

The aim of the research is to investigate anisotropic turbulence intensities, id est to investigate the distribution of Reynolds stresses and energy spectra in a square cross-section channel, downstream of a semi-active jet turbulence grid generating anisotropic turbulent airflow. In addition to the semi-active jet turbulence grid, another type of turbulence grid was developed and experimentally investigated. This grid contains vertical, flexible strips of aluminum (in this case, there are no perpendicular (horizontal) grid elements), which vibrate at a frequency depending on the velocity of the main airflow. Besides the investigation of the velocity- and turbulence intensity distributions, another main objective of the research is to measure the von Kármán energy spectrum when the turbulence cannot be considered isotropic. This aspiration of ours is justified by the knowledge gap present in the literature in this specific field. Monin has carried out a theoretical study to extend and generalize the von Kármán – Howarth isotropic principal stress equation to the anisotropic regime. The proposed new experimental work aims to provide a solid experimental background for verifying and validating the physical correctness of the Monin equation, which may result in a new theoretical understanding and perception of the major issues and the nature of anisotropic turbulence. Since the anisotropic energy spectra are expected to exhibit different characteristics from the isotropic Kolmogorov spectra, these new experimental results may contribute to the development of new anisotropic and engineering turbulence models that can be used in industrial applications.

Mitigation of edge cracking during accumulative roll bonding (ARB) of aluminum strips

Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) of aluminum alloy strips is often limited by severe edge cracking due to large, single-pass rolling reductions. Edge cracks are often caused by either poor alignment of the roll-bonded strips or lateral spreading. This work shows that lateral spreading can be reduced significantly by roll-bonding strips of interest within a frame of sacrificial material. For the conditions tested, it has been found that frames with 6.3 mm of constraint width are optimal in reducing edge cracking and maintaining thickness homogeneity during ARB. This methodology was found to greatly improve sample quality and yield when applied to multiple ARB cycles.

Fast, Light-Responsive, Metal-Like Polymer Actuators Generating High Stresses at Low Strain

Summary Producing lightweight polymeric actuators able to generate high stresses typical of hard metals and/or ceramics remains challenging. The photo-mechanical responses of ultra-drawn ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) actuators containing azobenzene photo-switches with symmetrically attached polyethylene (PE) side chains are reported. Long PE side chains promote dispersion within the apolar UHMWPE matrix, and the ultra-drawn films are highly aligned. The ultra-drawn azobenzene-doped UHMWPE films have high Young's moduli (∼100 GPa) and are viscoelastic at room temperature at strains below 1%. The photo-mechanical response of the films is fast ( 6 × 104 Pa (kg m−3)−1) to UV or visible light at a low strain (∼0.06%). The actuator responds to rotating linearly polarized light, causing a photo-induced stress wave response. Such rapid, high-stress, low-strain, photo-mechanical responses are unique in soft polymer systems with physical values approaching hard metals/ceramics.

COLD ROLLING OF PRE-PROFILED STRIP FROM ALUMINUM ALLOY EN AW-1050

Specialists of metallurgy and mechanical engineering are intensively working at materials with controlled properties. In fact, at this stage we are already talking about the design of new materials for the specific tasks of the industry. One of the ways to achieve the regulated mechanical properties of metal products is to use the influence of plastic deformation with its different parameters in individual sections of the deformable material. In this study, we studied the effect of cold rolling on the properties of a strip of aluminum alloy EN AW-1050 with artificially created differences in the deformation parameters in different parts of the cross section of the profile. For this, a pre-shaped sample was prepared by conducting joint cold rolling of a strip of the specified material 420 mm long, 180 mm wide and 2.9 mm thick with a steel profiling tape 80 mm wide and 2 mm thick superimposed on it (length of an aluminum strip and steel profiling tape are the same). As a result of joint deformation, the steel strip rolled into the base metal and changed the geometry of the cross section and the properties of the obtained strip. Next, the obtained strip was subjected to heat treatment and rolled in a duo mill. After rolling, thin samples were made from fabricated flat strips to assess mechanical properties, in particular tensile tests were performed according to ISO 6892-1: 2009 and Brinell hardness tests were performed according to ISO 6506-1: 2014. Experimental studies of cold rolling of strips with profiled cross section of aluminum alloy EN AW-1050 were carried out. The possibility of forming heterogeneous properties in a flat aluminum strip by cold plastic deformation is shown and the maximum average values of the increase in the main indicators of mechanical properties on individual elements of the strip are determined. The maximum difference between the mechanical properties of the thick and thin elements of the profiled strip is observed in the hardness index and reaches 37.5%. The maximum obtained average value of the increase in yield strength and tensile strength is 26% and 18%, which is achieved with true deformation of the thick element of the profiled strip 0.165 and 0.234.

Elimination of edge cracks and centerline segregation of twin-roll cast aluminum strip by ultrasonic melt treatment

Ultrasonic-assisted twin-roll casting (UA-TRC) process was developed for the production of high quality 1050 aluminum alloy strip with minimum casting defects. Results of industrial-scale trials show that the strips obtained by UA-TRC exhibited a homogenized matrix composed of fine equiaxed grains. Meanwhile, robust evidence substantiates the feasibility of eliminating edge cracks and centerline segregation of the strips via the ultrasonic melt treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques were utilized to clarify the cause of edge cracks and centerline segregation, and furthermore, the regime of elimination of such defects via ultrasonic treatment in TRC processing. The results of present study reveal that by introduction of ultrasonic prior to rolling, homogeneity of solute elements and fluidity of the melt can be enhanced. As a result, the production of non-cracked strips with homogenized matrix is promised.

Decomecc Relies on a Schuler Laser Blanking Line

AbstractAt the latest Decomecc machine, the strip runs continuously from the coil into the laser cell. The growth‐oriented and family‐owned company based in Genk, Belgium, is specialized in customer specific blanking of aluminum strip and has been producing shaped blanks on a laser blanking line from Schuler since the beginning of 2019.

Calculation of temperature balance of aluminum strip obtained at casting and rolling unit

The calculation of the temperature balance of obtaining the aluminum strip at the casting and rolling unit in the area from mould of the continuous casting machine to the pendulum rolling mill.

High temperature machines: A comparison between ceramic-coated wires and anodized aluminum strips

High temperature machines: A comparison between ceramic-coated wires and anodized aluminum strips

Aspects concerning the geometric elements of the rolling deformation area

The paper presents an experimental and practical study of aluminium strips lamination, calculating the conformations that define plastic deformation by lamination. A sample from aluminium alloy in the shape of a band was rolled and we calculated the logarithmic deformations in lamination. We started the lamination process from a semi-finished product, with a surface for the cross-section section (S0) and it was carried out in three drawings up to a final section (S3). The deformation assessment and measurement tool, the logarithmic degree of deformation gives the extent of the plastic deformation at each drawing, and the calculated total deformation degree is useful to quantify the deformation preformed for the entire lamination process over the three drawings. If analysed in this way, the plastic deformation process, the material undergoes a higher reduction at the last drawing and an ecruisation of the band at its margin also. The preliminary usage of the coefficients defining lamination has a particular importance for practical objectives, in the carrying out of another lamination process.

Measurement of Tensile Properties and Hardness of Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy AA1200

Friction Stir Welding is set apart from other fusion welding techniques because of its ability to produce very high-quality welds even in high strength aluminium alloys. The process forges the weld region locally to produce the joint and hence is solid state in nature as it does not involve full melting. In this experimental research work an investigation was carried out on Friction Stir welding butt joint, to study the changes in its micro hardness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength. The welded joints were made on AA 1200 grade aluminium strips of 3 mm thickness with the help of H13-Tool Steel 56 HRC tool of two different pin profiles. Two different pin profiles viz. cylindrical with groove, and tapered were used to fabricate the joints at Three different tool rotational speeds and three different feed rates.

Investigating the Effect of using Wasted Aluminum Strip on the HMA Characteristics

Investigating the Effect of using Wasted Aluminum Strip on the HMA Characteristics

Development of an aluminum compound casting process - Experiments and numerical simulations

The casting of liquid melt on a preheated substrate layer to produce a metallurgical compound represents a direct approach towards clad aluminum strips. To investigate this direct process route and the formation of a metallurgical bond at the interface, a small-scale pilot plant to cast pure aluminum on strips of aluminum alloy 7075 under controlled conditions was developed. Composite casting plates were produced at varying casting parameters (preheating temperature of the substrate, clad layer thickness, casting speed, melt temperature) and subsequently analyzed by metallographic means to classify the bond quality. Suitable thermal conditions for the melt flow in the casting device were found by numerical simulation using a commercial fluid flow and solidification software package. Additional meso- and micro-modeling of the casting and the bonding zone supported the understanding of the bonding mechanism. The heat transfer in the macro-model of the casting device was calibrated using measured temperatures obtained during compound casting experiments. A finer meshed two-dimensional meso-model of the casting device was derived from the macro-model to gain more accurate information about the temperature distribution in the vicinity of the bonding zone. This interface between the pure aluminum and the aluminum alloy was modeled in extremely high temporal and spatial resolution (micro-model) as temperatures are not accessible there by direct measurements. These simulation results show the time-resolved re-melting and re-solidification of the aluminum alloy during compound formation. The obtained simulation results correlate very well with electrochemically etched cross sections of cast bilayer aluminum strips. The experiments show that the oxide layer at the interface has to be removed completely during the casting process to obtain high quality compounds. The assumed mechanism of detachment and transport of the fractured oxide is shown schematically and necessary thermo-mechanical conditions for the removal of the oxide skin are discussed.

The effect of temperature on the mechanical properties and forming limit diagram of aluminum strips fabricated by accumulative roll bonding process

Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) process is a new, low-cost, and applied method for obtaining nano/ultrafine-grained materials along with improvements in mechanical properties. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing temperature on mechanical properties and formability of Al 1050, fabricated by the ARB process. The present work also aims to study the feasibility of increasing temperature as an approach for solving the ductility problem of ultrafine-grained Al 1050, although some strength of the material might be sacrificed. So, the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the effect of temperature increase on mechanical properties and formability has been done. In this article, the ARB process has been performed at four different temperatures (i.e., 25℃, 100℃, 200℃, and 300℃) to the fifth cycle without lubrication. After the production of samples, the investigation of mechanical properties such as micro-hardness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength after each pass of the ARB at different temperatures has been accomplished. The results presented that by applying the ARB process at a specific temperature, the micro-hardness values and mechanical properties of the samples enhanced, while elongation to fracture decreased. Also, at the end of the first pass, the amount of elongation and level of the forming limit diagram (FLD) was sharply reduced, but in subsequent passes, it would increase at low rates. The tensile strength also improved at a lower rate than the first cycle. At ambient temperature, the best mechanical properties after the fifth cycle were obtained, which tensile strength and elongation were recorded as 210.1MPa and 14.2%, respectively. By increasing temperature, the tensile strength and micro-hardness of the samples were slightly lower than the ambient temperature; however, elongation and consequently, forming limits of the samples were improved. At 100°C, no significant changes were observed in the mechanical properties and the formability of specimens compared to the ambient temperature. While the highest difference was at 300°C, which elongation and FLD0 relative to ambient temperature increased by about 38.1% and 87%, respectively.

Surfactant assisted dispersion of MWCNT's in epoxy nanocomposites and adhesion with aluminum

This article presents an experimental investigation into the adhesion between aluminum and epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT's). The nanotubes are dispersed in epoxy chemically with the aid of a surfactant, rather than mechanically via high shear mixing or ultrasonication. Four MWCNT weight fractions are considered viz. 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. The adhesion with aluminum is tested via end-notched flexure tests conducted on specimens consisting of Aluminum strips adhered together with various epoxy nanocomposite glues. The best results are obtained for 1% MWCNT, where the tests show a notable increase in adhesion, evidenced by an intact bond despite considerable plastic deformation of Aluminum. However, the peak load capacity is seen to be not enhanced. The higher adhesion with 1% MWCNT addition is seen to successfully suppress the brittle debonding failures even at very high levels of adherend plasticity. For this weight fraction the overall response is highly ductile involving shearing of the glue and is desirable for engineering applications. Despite promising results, the surfactant itself is seen to be not very effective as a dispersing agent for the epoxy resin considered here.