Aluminum Magnesium Hydroxide Research Articles

Efficacy of Mucosamin Spray as an Adjunct for Prevention of Oral Mucositis in Children under Chemotherapy: A Two-Center Randomized Clinical Trial.

Chemotherapy-induced mucositis is the most common complication during cancer treatment. This complication can lead to pain, increased risk of infection and malnutrition. Therefore, it is important to find a solution to reduce the severity and duration of side effects. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Mucosamin spray as an adjunct for prevention of oral mucositis in children under chemotherapy. This parallel-design clinical trial evaluated 48 patients aged 5 to 15 years with leukemia and lymphoma presenting to the Hematology Department of Mofid and Mahak Hospitals. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n=24). Before starting chemotherapy, all patients received oral hygiene instructions (toothbrushing without flossing). Patients in both groups were requested to use a mouthwash composed of nystatin, aluminum-magnesium hydroxide suspension (aluminum MgS), and diphenhydramine for 1 min every morning on a daily basis starting the day before treatment. Patients in the intervention group were also requested to spray their entire oral mucosa with Mucosamin spray 3 times a day in addition to using the mouthwash. Patients were requested to refrain from eating and drinking for 1h after spraying. The patients were clinically examined by a senior dental student once every other day for 20 days regarding the occurrence, severity, and duration of oral mucositis. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and log rank test. No significant difference was noted between the two groups in the incidence, severity, or time of development of mucositis (p> 0.05). The 7-day non-recovery percentage was 72.7% (SE= 13.4) and 25.0% (SE= 15.3) in the control and test groups, respectively, indicating shorter duration (faster healing) of mucositis in the intervention group (p= 0.01). Within the limitations of this study, it seems that prophylactic application of Mucosamin spray can shorten the course of oral mucositis, in case of its occurrence.

Study on the effect of sodium removal from citric acid pretreated red mud on the physical properties of red mud.

Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste discharged from the alumina industry, and its high sodium content is the key factor limiting its wide utilization. Therefore, effective control of the "frosting" phenomenon during the application of red mud has received significant attention. In this study, the changes of particle size, phase, morphology, and pore size of red mud after sodium removal with different amounts of citric acid pretreatment were investigated. The single-factor experiment shows that the Na+ leaching rate is 86.33% under a citric acid dosage of 15%, liquid-to-solid ratio of 7mL/g, leaching temperature of 80°C, stirring speed of 300rpm, and leaching time of 10min. The leachate is characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The results reveal that Na+ mainly exists in a combined state in the form of cancrinite. With the increase of citric acid dosage, red mud agglomerates, calcite, and cancrinite are dissolved, and new phases such as calcium oxalate and magnesium aluminum hydroxide are formed. The specific surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter show irregular changes with the increase in the citric acid dosage. Citric acid pretreatment can effectively reduce the sodium content in red mud, the treatment cost of leaching solution is low, and the leaching residue is neutral, which is helpful to promote the practical application of red mud.

Właściwości palne kompozytów epoksydowych wzmocnionych włóknem konopnym

In this study, the behavior of hemp fiber/epoxy composites subjected to flammability properties. for the production of composite samples, hemp reinforcements were used: unidirectional two balanced laminates (00/900) different in thickness were studied: 2 plies, 4 plies. The composites were fabricated by hand lay-up process the flammability properties of composites are analyzed by using UL-94. The effects of two different fire retardant compounds (Magnesium hydroxide and Aluminum hydroxide) filling on the Underwriters Laboratories (UL)-94 horizontal and vertical tests were carried out for evaluating the effectiveness of these FR treatments. The effects of 2 - 4% Mg (OH)2 and Al (OH)3 loading on the composites' burning rate was studied. It was seen that the composite results of vertical burning tests classified these composites under No Classification. The rate of burning of the composites decreased with the inclusion of fire retardants and the rate of burning of 11,60 and 11,22 and 12,20, and 10,60 mm/min was found with 4% wt of Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 in composites respectively.

Assessing the Efficacy of Magnesium Hydroxide and Aluminium Hydroxide in Enhancing Flame Retardancy of Natural Fiber

Natural fiber panels have gained attention as sustainable alternatives in various applications, including construction and interior design. Although these fibres are highly valued for their environmental sustainability and acoustic advantages, they are inherently flammable. These panels, when subjected to fire or high-temperature conditions, pose significant safety risks due to their flammability and potential for rapid combustion. This study evaluates the efficacy of various synthetic additives in enhancing the flame retardancy of natural fiber panels. The panels were made by mixing the natural fiber with polyester resin and additives. The experimental setup includes standard fire tests such as ASTM D635 Horizontal Burning and ASTM D3801 Vertical Burning Test. The results show that rice husk demonstrates a slower burning rate when combined with both magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide, indicating better flame retardancy. Coconut coir outperforms rice husk and sawdust for both magnesium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide which are 655 s and 640 s respectively in terms of vertical burning. The study showed that magnesium hydroxide is a better flame retardant than aluminium hydroxide. This makes it a promising option for enhancing the fire resistance of natural fiber panels.

Analyzing Temperature Distribution Patterns on the Facing and Backside Surface: Investigating Combustion Performance of Flame-Retardant Particle Boards Using Aluminum Hypophosphite, Intumescent, and Magnesium Hydroxide Flame Retardants.

Particle boards are manufactured through a hot pressing process using wood materials (natural polymer materials) and adhesive, which find common usage in indoor decorative finishing materials. Flame-retardant particleboard, crucial for fire safety in such applications, undergoes performance analysis that includes assessing temperature distribution across its facing surface and temperature increase on the backside surface during facade combustion, yielding critical insights into fire scenario development. In this study, a compact flame spread apparatus is utilized to examine the flame retardancy and combustion behavior of particle boards, with a specific emphasis on the application of cost-effective flame retardants, encompassing aluminum hypophosphite (ALHP), an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) comprising ammonium polyphosphate (APP), melamine (MEL), and Dipentaerythritol (DPE), alongside magnesium hydroxide (MDH), and their associated combustion characteristics. The D300°C values, representing the vertical distance from the ignition point (IP) to P300°C (the temperature point at 300 °C farthest from IP), are measured using a compact temperature distribution measurement platform. For MDH/PB, APP + MEL + DPE/PB, and ALHP/PB samples, the respective D300°C values of 145.79 mm, 117.81 mm, and 118.57 mm indicate reductions of 11.11%, 28.17%, and 27.71%, compared to the untreated sample's value of 164.02 mm. The particle boards treated with ALHP, IFR, and MDH demonstrated distinct flame-retardant mechanisms. MDH/PB relied on the thermal decomposition of MDH to produce MgO and H2O for flame retardancy, while APP + MEL + DPE/PB achieved flame retardancy through a cross-linked structure with char expansion, polyphosphate, and pyrophosphate during combustion. On the other hand, ALHP/PB attained flame retardancy by reacting with wood materials and adhesives, forming a stable condensed P-N-C structure. This study serves as a performance reference for the production of cost-effective flame-resistant particleboards and offers a practical method for assessing its fire-resistant properties when used as a decorative finishing material on facades in real fire situations.

Fiber and future: Unleashing the power of industrial hemp waste through epoxy composites

AbstractNatural fiber composites offer a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymer composites, addressing the environmental concerns associated with traditional materials. This study aims to investigate the effect of flame‐retardant additives (magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 [A] and aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 [B]) on hemp fiber‐based epoxy composites with a different fire retardant (FR) loading, that is, 0%, 8%, 12%, and 24%. An evaluation of flame‐retardant effectiveness on composites was carried out using thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 horizontal burning, morphological analysis scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and char residue analysis. The results show that introducing the flame retardants in the hemp–epoxy composites improved the thermal stability and flame retardancy of hemp–epoxy composites When composites were incorporated with flame retardants, the Horizontal burning rate was decreased, and LOI was increased. The lowest Horizontal burning rate of prepared composites was recorded as 11.6 mm/min, and the highest LOI was 25.3%. SEM shows uniform distribution of FR particles in the prepared composite. It is concluded that adding flame‐retardant additives efficiently improves the flame retardancy properties of the prepared composites.Highlights The mechanical and flammability behavior of developed composites were investigated after adding magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide to composites. An enhancement in flame retardancy and a slight reduction in mechanical properties are observed in composites. The purpose of this study is to expand the area where flame‐retardant ramie fabrics may be applied.

Effect of Magnesium Hydroxide and Aluminum Hydroxide as Thermal Barriers on the Flame-Retardant Behavior of Acrylic-Based Coating

In the effort to improve fire safety in residential, industrial, or naval structures, the study of flame-retardant coatings has become increasingly interesting. Flame-retardant additives are definitely the most traveled route; however, often these additives are halogenated compounds that increase the amount of smoke and toxic decomposition of the products during polymer combustion. It is necessary to develop new fire retardant (FR) agents that respect the environment and are safe for human health. This work aims to study two completely harmless hydroxides, Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3, added in low percentages (2 wt.%) to an already marketed acrylic polymer emulsion (79.2 wt.% of solid content, 37.3 wt.% and 41.8 wt.%, respectively, for polymer and fillers contents) in order to decrease the dangerous effects of these additives on the physical integrity and durability of the coatings. The hydroxides content was added in 6.2 wt.% and 5.6 wt.%, respectively, to polymer and total solids present in the emulsion. Flame exposure tests are conducted at different times (15 s and 30 s) to verify the flame stability and thermal insulation exerted by the investigated coatings. Furthermore, through a precise analysis of the areas damaged by the combustion process, it is possible to link the flame-retardant properties to the FR choice and its particle size, finding a promising solution in the sample based on small Mg(OH)2 particles for fire protection in naval applications.

Characteristics of Layered Double Magnesium–Aluminum Hydroxides in the Sorption of Complex Hexathiocyanochromate(III) Ions

Characteristics of Layered Double Magnesium–Aluminum Hydroxides in the Sorption of Complex Hexathiocyanochromate(III) Ions

Enhanced adsorption effect of defect ordering Mg/Al on layered double hydroxides nanosheets with highly efficient removal of Congo red

The non-conventional structure layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as pollutant adsorbents with significant adsorption efficiency are promising valuable research topics. In this work, the defect ordering MgAl-LDHs nanosheets for the highly efficient removal of Congo red (CR) are designed and fabricated by a facile environmental-friendly hydrothermal method based on solid insoluble substances magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) as precursors. The decrease of Mg/Al ordering changes the interlayer spacing of LDHs and improves the defect sites with low oxygen coordination on the LDHs laminate, which enhances the removal efficiency of CR from 45.6 to 97.7%. This study reveals that a defect enhancing combined mechanism of surface adsorption and the anion-exchange in MgAl-LDHs can obtain an outstanding adsorption efficiency for removing CR. The reactivity of the Mg/Al disorder with O defect on the LDHs laminate increases with the reduction of frontier orbitals energy gap (ΔEgap), resulting in a high adsorption capacity for CR. The uncover of the defect enhancing adsorption mechanism provides a new strategy to fabricate MgAl-LDHs with high capability for wastewater remediation.

Analysis of antacid tablets using the alkalimetric titration method

Titrimetry is a quantitative analysis concerned with measuring the volume of a solution of known concentration required to react with the substance to be determined. On the other hand, alkalimetry determines the levels of acidic compounds that are reacted with essential standard solutions. Antacids can treat stomach disorders resulting from excess stomach acid production. The active ingredient is a mixture of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide which is a weak base that reacts with acids. This study aims to determine whether the levels of antacid tablets in several pharmacies in Bandar Lampung City by looking at the expiration date meet USP30_NF25 requirements, namely between 90.0% -110% of the amount stated on the label. The method used is alkalimetry with a back titration technique, in which excess acid is added to the sample to react with antacids, and the excess acid is titrated using sodium hydroxide with phenolphthalein solution as an indicator.

Evaluation of Tensile and Flexural Properties of Unidirectional Glass-Epoxy Laminate with Aluminium Oxide and Magnesium Hydroxide as Filler Materials

Low weight is one of the most important factors in the design process of road and flight vehicles. The design engineers are careful with regards to the weight decrease without thinking twice about the primary strength. The composite is a lightweight material that has decent underlying properties and it is generally utilized. Fiber-supported polymer composites assumed a prevailing part for quite a while in an assortment of uses for their high explicit strength. The current work portrays the turn of events and the portrayal of another arrangement of GFRP. Experiments are carried out to study the effect of the addition of fillers by varying their percentages. The present work focus on the effect of the fillers on properties of Glass fiber epoxy laminates with aluminum oxide and magnesium hydroxide powders as the fillers. In the present work, fabrication and experimental investigation on unidirectional glass epoxy composites are carried out. Initially, glass fiber reinforced polymer laminate fabricated without filler material, hand layup followed by vacuum bagging methods are used . Then, by adding Aluminium oxide and Magnesium hydroxide as a filler material with different percentages like 5%, 10%, and 15% by weights and laminates are fabricated and experimental investigation is conducted to study their mechanical behavior. The comparative studies on the laminates are carried out and the obtained results are analyzed and those are quite interesting.

Mechanism of accelerated concurrent flame spread over glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester resin composites with ATH/MH retardants under external radiation

This paper reports an experimental investigation of concurrent flame spread over composites, for the first time, with combined flame retardants and external radiation factors. Glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester resins without flame retardants (GFUPR) as well as those containing aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MH), which were utilized widely in modern high-speed train, were systematically explored. Infrared measurement was employed to track the displacement of pyrolysis front. Because of the dilution of H2O generated during the decomposition of ATH and MH, the flame temperature (Tf) of GFUPR-ATH/MH is thought to be lower than that of GFUPR. Nonetheless, the most noteworthy finding is that the flame spread rate, flame preheat length and flame height for GFUPR-ATH/MH could be larger than that of GFUPR if concurrent airflow velocity exceeds 0.5 m/s under high external radiation. To interpret this unexpected while practically important phenomena, theoretical analysis based on the heat/mass transfer theory is established to explore the general mechanism. It is concluded that in the transition from natural-convection to forced-convection, the different in the flame convection in burning zone between the sample with high Tf (i.e. GFUPR) and the sample with low Tf (i.e. GFUPR-ATH/MH), will decrease rapidly. It is primarily because the sample with low Tf is earlier to enter in the region where forced-convection is controlled as the airflow velocity increases. The critical parameter (Fr2Re)-1 = 1 could be used to characterize this transition. As a result, in forced-convection region, the role of thermal conductivity of the fuel-gas mixture (kmix) may emerge, that the sample with high kmix but low Tf (i.e. GFUPR-ATH/MH) may impart more heat to burning zone than the sample with low kmix but high Tf (i.e. GFUPR), generating more combustible gases in the burning zone hence larger flame heat feedback to preheat zone. Moreover, this effect will be reinforced by the larger flame preheat length of GFUPR-ATH/MH, due to the temperature dependency of molecular diffusivity. This mechanism analysis is well corroborated by the experimental results. This new finding may facilitate understanding of the effect of flame retardants on the heat/mass transfer mechanism in flame spread under concurrent airflow and external radiation.

Multi-Mixed Metal Hydroxide as a Strong Stratigraphic Nanoclay Inhibitor in Solid-Free Drilling Fluid.

Solid-free drilling fluid has more advantages as a new type of drilling fluid compared with traditional drilling fluid, such as improving drilling efficiency, protecting oil and not having clay particles clog the oil and gas layer. In this study, Zn/Cu/Fe-doped magnesium-aluminum hydroxide (Mg-Al MMH) was prepared using the co-precipitation method and evaluated in solid-free drilling fluid. The inhibition mechanism of synthesized hydroxide was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, laser particle-size analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. The samples were directly used as drilling fluid base muds for performance evaluation. The results showed that the linear expansion rate of 4% M6-Fe was only 12.32% at room temperature within 2 h, that the linear expansion rate was 20.28% at 90 °C and that the anti-swelling rate was 81.16% at room temperature, indicating that it has a strong inhibition ability at both room temperature and at high temperatures. Meanwhile, the possibility of multi-mixed metal hydroxide as a drilling fluid base mud is discussed in this study. We found that 4% M6-Fe exhibited low viscosity, a high YP/PV ratio and high temperature resistance, and its apparent viscosity retention rate reached 100% rolled at 200 °C for 16 h, with a YP/PV ratio of 2.33.

An expert opinion on antacids: A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy

Acidity caused by common gastric conditions such as non-ulcer dyspepsia, duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, stress gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), pancreatic insufficiency, bile acid-mediated diarrhea, biliary reflux, and constipation can be treated by administration of potent and efficacious acid suppressant (anti-secretory) agents such as antacids, histamine H2 receptor blockers, and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Antacids provide symptomatic relief from hyperacidity as well as other associated conditions by neutralizing the gastric acid directly, thereby raising the gastric pH, attenuating the pepsin activity, restoring acid-base balance, and increasing prostaglandin and bicarbonate secretion. The effectiveness of antacids is determined by its acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and buffering capacity. Antacids containing a combination of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and other ingredients such as those present in Digene showed better therapeutic efficacy even at low dosage with fewer side effects, persistent increase in gastric pH, faster and longer duration of pain relief, and fast relief from gas. Various clinical studies suggest that to obtain fast symptomatic relief, the treating physician can utilize antacids with the highest neutralizing capacities like Digene.

Thermal Degradation Characteristics of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer Asphalt Binder Filled with an Inorganic Flame-Retarding Agent.

Asphalt binder is a complex mixture of dark brown polymers composed of hydrocarbons with generally poor fire resistance. To improve its flame retardancy when used in tunnel asphalt pavements, a new inorganic flame-retardant filler (FR) containing magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, inorganic phosphate, and melamine salt was explored. Thereafter, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and smoke suppression tests for the flame-retarded asphalt binder (FRA) mastics mixed with FR and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymer asphalt binder were conducted. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves for the FRA were correspondingly generated. Based on the TG data, the reaction function g(α), apparent activation energy Ea, and pre-exponential factor A were quantitatively evaluated using kinetic analysis. In addition, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) test was utilized to assess the effects of the presence of FR on the chemical composition of the asphalt binder. Dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests were also performed to evaluate the rheological behavior of FRA. Results show that the presence of the FR significantly reduced the LOI and improved the smoke suppression during combustion of the asphalt binder mastics. The presence of FR was found to increase the Ea and the complexity of the combustion reaction, thereby improving the flame retardancy of the asphalt binder. FTIR analysis indicated that the presence of FR did not induce any strong chemical reactions to significantly impact or alter the functional groups of the asphalt binder. Furthermore, it was also observed that the rutting parameter and critical failure temperature of FRA increased with the addition of FR due to the stiffening effect of the solid FR particles.

Preparation and characterization of flower-like Mg-Al hydrotalcite powder for suppressing methane explosion

A novel flower-like Mg-Al hydrotalcite powder was successfully prepared using coprecipitation method and then characterized for suppressing methane explosion. The influences of Mg-Al hydrotalcite on the explosion pressure and flame propagation characteristics of methane were studied using a 5 L pipeline explosion experimental setup, and its explosion suppression performance was compared with that of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide. The results show that the novel Mg-Al hydrotalcite powder prepared in this study has an excellent methane explosion suppression performance. The maximum explosion pressure of methane after adding 0.2 g/L Mg-Al hydrotalcite powder was decreased by 77.72%, and the average flame propagation velocity of methane explosion was decreased by 66.34%. With an increase of the Mg-Al hydrotalcite powder concentration, the main methane flame structure became progressively discrete. Combined with the physical and chemical properties of Mg-Al hydrotalcite powder, its explosion suppression mechanism on 9.5% methane was discussed.

Effect and mechanism of Aluminium hydroxide and Magnesium hydroxide powder on flame suppression of flour explosion

ABSTRACT In order to systematically study the suppression effect of Aluminum hydroxide[Al(OH)3] and Magnesium hydroxide[Mg(OH)2] on the explosion of flour, Hartmann experiment system was used to carry out the explosion flame propagation experiment, and the influence of adding different proportions of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 powder on the morphology and propagation speed of flour combustion flame was studied. Combined with the thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 powder, the inhibition mechanism of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2 powder on flour explosion was analyzed. The results showed that with the increase of Al(OH)3 and Mg(OH)2, the flame propagation speed gradually decreases. After adding 40%wt Mg(OH)2, when t = 182 ms, the flame reaches the top of the glass tube. When 60 wt% Mg(OH)2 and 60 wt% Al(OH)3 powder were added, the maximum flame propagation velocity of flour decreased from 13.86 m/s to 5.78 m/s and 1.62 m/s, respectively, and Al(OH)3 was superior to Mg(OH)2 in inhibiting flame propagation. Both inhibitors can inhibit flour combustion by adsorption of H and OH radicals.

Flame‐retardant features of various boron compounds in thermoplastic polyurethane and performance comparison with aluminum trihydroxide and magnesium hydroxide

SummaryThe objective of this research was to examine and compare the flame‐retardant properties of boron compounds with respect to conventional mineral fillers, namely aluminum trihydroxide (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MH) in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Seven different boron compounds including zinc borate (ZnB), colemanite (C), boron oxide (BO), anhydrous borax (BX), melamine borate (MB), imidazolium borate (IB), and guanidinium borate (GB) were used as flame‐retardant additive. The flame‐retardant characteristics of the composites were investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical and horizontal UL‐94 tests, and mass loss calorimeter (MLC) tests. According to the flammability test results, the highest LOI value (33.5%) was obtained with the use of 60 wt% ATH and BO. All samples got HB rating in UL‐94 HB test. The highest UL‐94 V rating of V0 was achieved with the use of ATH (60 wt%), BO (60 wt%), and GB (50 wt%). According to MLC test results, C, BO, and IB showed distinct better performance than ATH and MH. The other ones showed almost the similar fire performances. The lowest pHRR (37 kW/m2) and THE (16.2 MJ/m2) values, which were corresponded to 62% and 20% reduction with respect to those of ATH containing one, were achieved with the use of 60 wt% BO. In brief, all studied additives exerted different levels of fire retardancy depending upon their type and BO showed the highest performance in terms of flammability and fire‐retardant properties.

Experimental investigations on concrete incorporated with calcined hydrotalcite under sea water curing

In this study, Calcined Hydrotalcite is used in concrete to facilitate seawater curing. The salts from seawater penetrate into the concrete which lowers the strength of the concrete when cured in sea water. Also, these salts attack the reinforcement of RC elements causing corrosion of steel. Hydrotalcite is a layered double hydroxide which resembles talc and has high water content. Calcined hydrotalcite has higher adsorption capacity and can be used for adsorption. Calcined hydrotalcite has been prepared by grinding method. It has been synthesised from Aluminium Oxide, Magnesium Hydroxide, and Sodium Bicarbonate by heating at 100 °C. The Calcined Hydrotalcite thus synthesised and added to concrete in proportions. Then, when this concrete has been cured in sea water, the anions in the seawater were adsorbed by the added calcined hydrotalcite. Thus, the strength of the concrete element is retained even when cured in sea water.

Comparative Assessment of the Acid-Neutralizing Capacity, Price and selected Physical Properties of different Antacids Suspensions available in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

Background: Patients are often faced with the challenge of choosing an antacids suspension that will provide effective and prompt relief from excessive gastric acid secretion. Objective: The aim was to evaluate acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC), price and selected physical properties of twenty (20) brands of antacids suspensions from pharmacies in Benin metropolis, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: United States Pharmacopeia assay method was used to determine the ANC. Visual inspection, pH, relative density and flow times were determined using standard methods. Results: The ANC of all the brands of antacids suspensions was above the US FDA requirement for effective antacids (≥5 mEq per dose). Brand E had the highest ANC of 27.15 mEq/ 10 mL while brand C had the lowest at 11.60 mEq/ 10 mL. All the antacids suspensions had pH range between 7.30 and 8.76. The flow time was found to be highest with sample N (70.11 ± 0.35) min and lowest with sample A (0.27 ± 0.01) min. The relative density was highest with sample N (1.28 ± 0.02) and lowest with sample B (1.03 ± 0.00). There was no significant difference in ANC values between imported and locally manufactured antacids suspensions. However, there was significant difference in their prices. Conclusion: Rapid and effective acid-neutralizing capacity of antacids is achieved with antacids suspensions containing at least two active pharmaceutical ingredients. Most of the antacids contain aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. When medication is needed for symptomatic relief from acid reflux disorders, antacids containing these active ingredients will be effective.