Aluminum Foil Sheets Research Articles

Influence of Ironing Roller on the Wrinkling of a 4N6 Aluminum Foil during the Coiling Process of Cleaning Line

Ironing roll is vital equipment in the production of wide aluminum foil, which has a significant impact on the wrinkling defects of aluminum foil during the winding process of the cleaning production line. In this paper, wrinkling defects in 4N6 aluminum foils were improved using the ABAQUS finite element software 2020. A dynamic simulation model of the aluminum foil winding process was established. The ethics model first analyzed the causes of wrinkling during the aluminum foil coiling process. Then the influence of each factor on aluminum foil wrinkling was studied for the effect of ironing pressure, ironing roll deviation, the friction coefficient between the ironing roll and the aluminum foil, and the shape of the ironing roll on the wrinkling of the aluminum foil. The friction coefficients between aluminum foil coils and the uneven distribution of coiling tension have different effects on the wrinkling of aluminum foil. By selecting the optimal process parameters, it is possible to improve the forming quality of the aluminum foil sheet and to reduce the wrinkling faults in the winding process.

Exploring the Impact of Visual Heat Conduction Paths on Thermal Conductivity of Polymer Composites and the Practical Applications.

The theory of heat conduction paths has been widely recognized and widely studied in the research about the thermal conductivity of thermal conductive polymer composites at present. Encapsulating polymer pellets with thermally conductive fillers and processing them into thermally conductive polymer composites is a simple and effective method for constructing heat conduction paths. It is meaningful to investigate the related heat conduction mechanism of this method. Otherwise, this approach can significantly preserve the performance of the polymer substrate, making it highly valuable for practical material applications. In this work, polyethylene-octene elastomer (POE) pellets were encapsulated with thermal conductive fillers by physical absorption. Subsequently, the composite films containing heat conduction paths were fabricated using the encapsulated POE pellets through a heating press. Alumina (Al2O3), boron nitride (BN), and alumina/boron nitride hybrid (Al2O3/BN) fillers were used to prepare Al2O3@POE, BN@POE, and BN/Al2O3@POE composite films to investigate the influence of filler shapes on heat conduction path construction. The influence of the constitute and density of heat conduction paths on the thermal conductivity of composite films was analyzed by infrared thermal imaging, finite element analysis, and thermal resistance theory in detail. Owing to the reserved good adhesion and flexibility of the POE substrate, the composite films could be directly used as thermal interface materials for chip cooling, which presented a good heat dissipation effect. Furthermore, a series of integrated composite materials were prepared by the combination of encapsulated pellets with various functional films (copper foil, aluminum foil, and graphite sheet) through a one-pot heating press, exhibiting a good electromagnetic shielding effect. The performance of the composites and the corresponding preparation method demonstrate the strong significance of this research for practical applications.

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ РЕЖИМОВ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ КАВИТАЦИОННОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ МОТОРНОГО ТОПЛИВА

The article considers an example of ultrasonic cavitation created by a piezoelectric emitter. To identify the modes of ultrasonic cavitation treatment, the Qsonica sonicators Q-700 laboratory unit was used. The aim of the work is to determine the modes of ultrasonic treatment of motor fuel to create a cavitation region. Cavitation areas were determined by the area of destruction of aluminum foil samples, 0.008-0.009 mm thick. A sheet of aluminum foil was placed in the test medium parallel and perpendicular to the tip at different distances h, l. In order to identify the intensity of the resulting cavitation, cavitation noise was isolated from the signal of a hydrophone immersed in motor fuel at different distances from the radiator and connected to a multimeter model UT61E. The intensity of cavitation was estimated by the change in the resistance of the medium, R. The following types of motor fuel were used for processing: commercial diesel fuel, biodiesel based on ginger oil, mixed diesel fuel (containing 20% biodiesel). After the study, the foil was dried and the area of destruction was determined. It has been established that the following parameters influence the creation of cavitation – the distance from the radiating surface, intensity, amplitude and time of ultrasonic treatment of the sample.f= f (l, h, I, A, t). Four cavitation areas are defined: the area of active or optimal cavitation, the area of the beginning of cavitation, the area of incipient cavitation, the area of absence of cavitation. Depending on the amplitude and intensity, 6 operating modes are highlighted. It is established that the processing of the used motor fuel should be carried out on the 3 cavitation mode of operation (A =21-40%, I= 12.5-24.8 W / cm2) of the laboratory installation in the used technological volume or in larger volumes with reflective surfaces. It has been found that the cavitation noise in biodiesel is lower than in diesel fuel, since it is more viscous. In viscous liquids, cavitation is less developed and, consequently, the ultrasound absorption coefficient is lower for them. In this regard, it is necessary to design devices for media with a higher viscosity based on the optimal distance from the radiator to the bottom.

Effect of Shielding on Rogowski Coil Transducer Performance and the Equivalent Circuit Model

Rogowski coil is sensitive to current surges in nearby systems. Hence, if it is used to measure a current in a system and a current surge occurs in a nearby location to this system, the coil senses this current in some degree. This means that the performance of the coil is affected by this current surge. Therefore, this article presents a low-cost shielding method depending on using aluminum foil sheets. The effectiveness of this shielding is studied through experimental results. The experimental study is carried out by building three similar coils. One of them is designed without shield with a return winding (RC1), the second coil is designed without shield with no return winding (RC2) and the third one is shielded using aluminum foil sheet (Rc3). Also, an impulse generator is used to generate high impulse current in a system that locates at different distances from the shielded and unshielded coils. The induced voltage signals in the three coils are captured using a digital oscilloscope. The captured voltage signals are used to evaluate the shielding performance of the coil. It is found that using shielding in Rogowski coil changes the coil model parameters. So, a shielded coil model is developed and presented. The validity of the proposed model of the shielded coil is examined by using impedance–frequency measurements which carried out using an accurate LCR meter. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed shielding method and the validity of the shielded coil model are validated through the obtained measurements.

Comparative Study between Activated Carbon and Charcoal for the Development of Latent Fingerprints on Nonporous Surfaces

For criminal investigations, fingerprints remain the most reliable form of personal identification despite developments in other fields like DNA profiling. The objective of this work is to compare the performance of both commercial charcoal and activated carbon powder derived from the Alhagi plant to reveal latent fingerprints from different non-porous surfaces (cardboard, plain glass, aluminum foil sheet, China Dish, Plastic, and Switch). The effect of three variables on activated carbon production was investigated. These variables were the impregnation ratio (the weight ratio of KOH: dried raw material), the activation temperature, and the activation time. The effect factors were investigated using Central Composite Design (CCD) software. The optimum activation conditions were found as an impregnation ratio of 1:2.6, activated time of 160 min, and temperature of 630oC. The results of the comparison show that Alhagi active carbon powder (AAC) has a high ability to develop latent fingerprints on all surfaces except on plastic surfaces while the commercial charcoal failed to develop the latent fingerprint on both plastic and aluminum foil sheets surfaces. AAC was found to clearly show every feature of the latent fingerprints more than commercial charcoal for both males and females. Also, AAC has the ability to show latent fingerprints till 15 days while commercial charcoal has the ability to show latent fingerprints just till 7 days.

Improvement of radio frequency heating uniformity in wheat kernels with aluminum foil sheets covered on rectangular container walls

Improving radio frequency (RF) heating uniformity is a key to obtain a good pasteurization effect while maintaining the quality of food product. The objective of this study was for providing a new method to improve the RF heating uniformity by adding aluminum foil sheets around the container walls. A 27.12 MHz, 6 kW pilot-scale RF system at an electrode gap of 110 mm was used to evaluate the heating rate and temperature distribution of wheat kernels in a rectangular container with the location, size and thickness of the foil sheet. The results showed that the RF heating behavior was influenced by foil sheets added at different oriented walls of the container. A cold spot area appeared in the place closed to the foil sheet wall at the vertically oriented addition, while a cold spot in the center and hot spots in the corners and edges still existed with the horizontally oriented addition of the sheet. The presence of foil sheet had an influence on the voltage, power input and energy efficiency. Effect of different foil sheet wall on heating behavior of samples was related to the reflection of foil sheet to RF electromagnetic wave. The heating uniformity index (λ) value decreased when the foil sheet was placed at the container bottom wall, and with increasing foil sheet size and thickness. A clearly improved RF heating uniformity can be obtained by increasing foil sheet size and thickness at the container bottom wall.

Performance improvements of hemispherical solar still using internal aluminum foil sheet as reflector: energy and exergy analysis.

Various scientists are looking for effective and easy solutions for the augmentation of yield from the hemispherical solar still (HSS). In this study, aluminum foil sheet was used to reflect the intensity, hence augmenting the evaporation rate and daily yield. Experimentations were conducted on two SS: the first SS is HSS; the second SS is HSS with reflective aluminum foil sheet walls (HSS-RAFW). The highest distilled water production from the HSS and HSS-RAFW is 3.36 and 4.1kg/m2, respectively. Compared to the HSS, the yield of distilled water was augmented by 22.21% when using the HSS-RAFW. The daily energy and exergy efficiencies (EnE and ExE) of the HSS are 26.27 and 1.04%, respectively, and the daily EnE and ExE of the HSS-RAFW are 32.75 and 1.71%, respectively.

New strategy for improving heating uniformity and insect mortality in radio frequency treated mung beans

Radio frequency (RF) heating is usually used to control insects while maintaining the quality of harvested grains. Different packaging conditions may influence RF heating uniformity, insecticidal efficacy, product quality, and energy efficiency. An RF unit was used for conducting thermal treatments to evaluate the heating uniformity, the mortality of Rhizopathy dominica, the main quality attributes of mung beans under four packaging conditions, and the energy efficiency. The results show that after the aluminum foil sheet was added at the top or bottom side of bags, the RF heating uniformity was improved. The mortality of Rhizopathy dominica in mung beans was 100% for vacuum-packaged bags added with aluminum sheets on the bottom side and ordinarily sealed bags. The fastest cooling rate was observed in vacuum-packaged bags with aluminum foil sheets added at the top side. The energy efficiency of the RF system for treating mung beans in Packaging A, B, C, and D were 54.8%, 56.0%, 53.6%, and 54.8%, respectively. The effective RF treatment protocol was developed using vacuum-packaged bags with aluminum sheets added at the bottom side, 54°C hot air assisted RF treatment under an electrode gap of 13.5 cm for 5 min, holding for 6 min, and placing bags upward for cooling. The suitable packaging condition could be explored for developing practical RF disinfestation treatments. Keywords: heating uniformity, insect mortality, mung beans, packaging conditions DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20221505.7176 Citation: Li R, Song X Y, Guan X Y, Ni B, Gao Y, Hou L X, et al. New strategy for improving heating uniformity and insect mortality in radio frequency treated mung beans. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2022; 15(5): 229–235.

Systematic approach for thermal imaging camera calibration for machine vision applications

In order to estimate the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a camera, the geometric calibration method for a camera is required to map 3D world coordinate points onto 2D image coordinate points. In this work, a systematic approach for designing a calibration board is proposed to calibrate the thermal imaging cameras that include both mid-wave and long-wave infrared waveband (MWIR and LWIR). The low-cost materials such as thermocol, white glue, and aluminum foil sheet are used for our calibration board design and these materials have not been used for calibrating thermal cameras to the best of our knowledge. To achieve geometric calibration of thermal cameras, our calibration board has generated strong thermal image contrast and has displayed consistent checkerboard corner detection. The proposed method is tested in both indoor and outdoor environments with MWIR and LWIR cameras. The single camera calibrator tool and stereo camera calibrator tool in MATLAB are used for this work and it exhibited that the overall mean reprojection error was ≤ 0.40 pixel. The new board’s thermal imaging quality is compared to an existing paint-based calibration board. In terms of precision, low-cost construction and easy reusability, the proposed calibration board is proven to be more beneficial.

Performance Evaluation of Modified Solar Still Using Aluminum Foil Sheet as Absorber Cover – A Comparative Study

Abstract Solar desalination is one of the sustainable solutions to produce freshwater from brackish water. Unavailability of drinking water is a major socioeconomic problem in southeastern Algeria that affects a large population. In the face of the problem, local researchers are adopting solar distillation, which appears to be a suitable and inexpensive solution. Improving the productivity of a solar greenhouse still represents the subject of several studies around the world looking for ways to increase the yield of a solar still. The idea behind this paper is to use the aluminum foil sheet as the absorber cover to improve the productivity of a solar still. To obtain the influence of utilizing the aluminum foil sheet as the absorber cover on a yield of a solar still, the conventional still with the black absorber surface and modified solar still with the aluminum foil sheet as the absorber cover were compared at the same climate conditions. The experimental investigation was performed on different days. Experimental work shows that this technique has a negative effect on the productivity of the distiller, which is reduced by 1.5 to 2.5 times compared to the black absorber distiller. Therefore, it is not recommended to use an aluminum cover in regular solar distillation.

A comparative study of the effect of internal reflectors on a performance of hemispherical solar distillers: Energy, exergy, and economic analysis

This comprehensive study aims to improve the cumulative production of the hemispherical distillates. This was achieved by utilization the reflective mirror and reflective aluminum foil sheets and installing them on the vertical internal surfaces of the distiller in order to increase the intensity of the solar radiation falling on the distiller basin. In order to achieve this goal, energy, exergy, and economic analyses were conducted to compare the effect of utilizing the reflective mirror and reflective aluminum foil sheets on hemispherical distiller performance. To realize this idea, three hemispherical distillers was constructed and tested under the same conditions, namely, Conventional Hemispherical Distiller with Black Painted Walls (CHSS-BPW), Modified Hemispherical Distiller with Reflective Mirror (MHSS-RM), and Modified Hemispherical Distiller with Reflective Aluminum Foil Sheets (MHSS-RAFS). The experimental results indicated that the utilizations of reflective aluminum foil sheets (MHSS-RAFS) improves the cumulative yield and thermal efficiency by 42.3% and 37.5%, respectively compared to CHSS-BPW. While the utilizations of reflective mirror (MHSS-RM) improves the cumulative yield and thermal efficiency by 6 May 2.6% and 57.26%, respectively compared to CHSS-BPW. The exergy efficiency of MHSS-RAFS and MHSS-RM improved by 69.61 and 123.1% compared to CHSS-BPW, respectively. The economic study indicated that the cost of freshwater produced from MHSS-RAFS and MHSS-RM reduced by 29 and 38%, respectively compared to CHSS-BPW.

Prolongation of viability of isolated skin explants by exposing them to their own transformed physical fields: experimental study

Objective. To study the effect of materials with optical-electrical properties on the survival of full-layer skin explants when they are isolated from the body with completely stopped trophic activity.
 Material and methods. In rabbits of both sexes at the age of 5-6 months, full-layer skin flaps were excised from the back area, which were dissected into fragments-explants measuring 1.01.0 cm. All samples were thermostated for 2 days at 37 C near transducers represented by aluminum foil sheets and silicon single crystals. In the first series of experiments, the explants were directly in contact with the transducers; in the second and third series, screens made of light-proof black paper and thin glass were installed between the explants and the transducers, respectively. In each series, the experiments were repeated 5 times with each transducer. After thermostating, the explant viability index was evaluated by histological method in points.
 Results. In the first and second series of experiments, the highest survival rate of explants with a viability index from 3.6 to 3.8 points with a norm of 4.0 points) was revealed depending on the type of transducer. In series III, when screening silicon crystals with thin glass, the explant survival rate decreased slightly to 3.3 points. However, the screening of aluminum foil with glass led to a sharp decrease in the viability of explants to 0.2 points.
 Conclusions. A long-term viability of skin explants can be explained only by the effect of their own physical fields on them produced by the biostructures of explants and transformed by interaction with nearby materials possessing optical and electrical properties.

Insertion loss of a thin partition for audio sounds generated by a parametric array loudspeaker.

Unlike the audio sound generated by traditional sources, the directivity of that generated by a parametric array loudspeaker (pal) deteriorates significantly after passing through a thin partition. To study this phenomenon, the pal radiation model based on the Westervelt equation, and the plane wave expansion method are used to calculate the sound fields behind a sheet of aluminum foil and a porous material blanket under the quasi-linear assumption, where the paraxial approximation is assumed only for ultrasonic waves. The audio sounds generated by a point monopole and a traditional directional source are presented for comparison. Both simulation and experiment results show that the transmitted sound from a pal behind the thin partition is small and less focused on the radiation axis because most of the ultrasounds forming the directivity of the pal is blocked by the thin partition which has little effect on the traditional audio sources.

Enhancing the photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde in air by immobilized titanium dioxide

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn treatment of air using UV‐irradiated titanium dioxide (TiO2), volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations mostly reach zero or decrease to a miniscule amount. However, when acetaldehyde (AA) is treated by photocatalysts immobilized on silica or activated carbon (AC) particles, which have a high ability to adsorb VOCs, the AA concentration decreases rapidly initially, but decreases very slowly after AA has been decomposed to a certain low concentration. To overcome this problem, the performances of photocatalysts immobilized on different supporting materials were investigated.RESULTSComputer simulations clarify that the slow decrease in the AA concentration in the final stage is due to the desorption of adsorbed AA, taking a much longer time to completely decompose AA. The simulations also suggest two strategies to overcome the problem: using a support with a smooth surface and low adsorption ability, and increasing the photocatalytic activity. The first strategy was tested by immobilizing TiO2 on glass tubes, PET film sheets and aluminum foil sheets with low adsorption abilities. The experimental results indicate that the AA concentrations for these supports decrease at lower rates than for supports with high adsorption ability, but decrease steadily toward zero. The second strategy was tested by increasing the amount of immobilized‐photocatalyst particles with high adsorption abilities, resulting in a shorter time for the AA concentration to reach zero.CONCLUSIONFor completely decomposing AA by an immobilized photocatalyst in a short period of time, the use of supporting particles with a high adsorption ability should be avoided. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Sodium hydroxide mediated alumina nanoparticles from waste aluminum foil sheets – Biological impact and photo-catalytic efficacy on commercial dyes

Herein, we reported a one-pot facile synthesis of alumina nanoparticles using waste aluminum foil sheet and sodium hydroxide by a simple solution method. The synthesized alumina nanoparticles were examined by UV Visible, X-Ray diffraction studies (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-rays (EDAX) to determine their size, shape, chemical nature and crystal structure. The average size of the alumina nanoparticles was found to be 50–70 nm. Besides the photocatalytic activity of alumina nanoparticles on two different commercial dyes, viz., MG and MB dyes were evaluated under UV light and naturally available daylight sources. The dye degradation percentages of MG dye under daylight irradiation are ∼17.7% and ∼94.8% under UV light irradiation, ∼14.8% and 90.1% for pure dye and alumina nanoparticles respectively. The percentage of degradation of MB dye in the presence of pure dye, alumina nanoparticles under daylight irradiation, and UV light irradiation are ∼19.6%, ∼92.6%, and ∼6%, 87.2% respectively. These results strongly authenticate the enhanced Photocatalytic activity due to efficient charge separation originating in the alumina nanoparticles. The alumina NPs exhibited an effective antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and also showed an inhibition against human MCF-7 cancer cells, indicating its efficiency in the field of biomedical research.

Development of Natural Fiber-Based Aluminum Composites for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications

Natural fiber mats, aluminum foil sheets, and epoxy resin have been compressed using a hydraulic compression molding press to fabricate hybrid composites. These hybrid composites consist of natural fiber-based shells and ultra-thin aluminum sheet core. Jute, Flax, and Kenaf have been the natural fibers used in fabricating these hybrid composites. Through natural fiber-based composites and aluminum sheets, the fabricated hybrid composites can show excellent mechanical properties and an exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding action. The natural fiber mat (shell material) shields the aluminum sheet, which avoids corrosion and contact with the atmosphere. The exceptional EMI shielding performance and excellent mechanical properties allow the newly fabricated hybrid composites to be used in the EMI protection fields and electric devices. In this study, the EMI shielding effectiveness, the tensile property and the flexural property of the hybrid composites have been examined.

A low-cost portable cotton-based aluminum-air battery with high specific energy

Abstract In this study, a novel cotton-based aluminum-air battery is demonstrated. The battery is designed to be reusable so that a sheet of aluminum foil with 0.5 mm thickness can be used for tens of times by simply replacing the cotton substrate. In addition, an inexpensive industrial-grade aluminum alloy or waste aluminum foil can be fed to the battery to reduce its operation cost. Moreover, unlike the conventional aluminum-air battery which requires complicated flow management system, the present battery only needs a small reservoir to passively supply water for the electrode reaction, leading to a greatly simplified battery structure and improved systematic energy density. With NaOH as electrolyte, the optimized battery system exhibits a peak power density of 73 mW cm-2, a specific capacity of 940 mA h g-1 and a specific energy of 930 mW h g-1. This low-cost novel battery system is expected to be applied in various portable devices, such as cell phone, electric fans and point-of-care devices.

Hybrid guidewires: Analysis and comparison of the mechanical properties and safety profiles.

Hybrid guidewires are commonly used in urology due to the advantage of an atraumatic hydrophilic tip, which facilitates negotiating tight areas, coupled with an unkinkable nitinol core shaft that is easy to work over due to the Teflon coating. Our aim was to compare the physical and mechanical properties of five commercially available hybrid guidewires to assess their characteristics and functionality. In vitro testing was performed on the following straight-tipped 0.035 inch guidewires: Sensor™ (Boston Scientific), Solo™ Plus (Bard), UltraTrack (Olympus), Rio Tracer™ (Rocamed), and Motion™ (Cook). We evaluated characteristics impacting function (tip flexibility, shaft stiffness, lubricity) and safety (perforation force). Measurements included tip flexibility, lubricity, shaft buckling, and force required to perforate a sheet of aluminum foil. The Motion had the highest tip-bending force (p<0.00001). The Rio Tracer had the stiffest shaft (p<0.00001), followed by the Solo Plus and the Motion, which were significantly stiffer than the Sensor and UltraTrack (p<0.00001). The Solo Plus and UltraTrack had the greatest perforation force (p=0.00023), and the Rio Tracer had the lowest perforation force (p=0.016) when compared to the Sensor. There was no significant difference in frictional force between the five guidewires (p=0.1516). The Solo Plus and UltraTrack required the greatest force to perforate, which conveys a higher safety margin. The RioTracer is the stiffest guidewire, which may be beneficial for instrument insertion with the tradeoff of having a lower perforation force. The clinical significance of higher tip-bending forces (unfavourable) and higher shaft-bending forces (favourable) deserve further investigation.

Urban heat islands and cooler infrastructure – Measuring near-surface temperatures with hand-held infrared cameras

Infrared thermography is an essential tool for evaluating Urban Heat Islands (UHI). Hand-held thermal cameras, however, are only designed for measuring surface temperatures. Near-surface air temperatures are physically different, and although the two temperatures are expected and assumed to correlate, their relationship remains an important research question. It would be a methodological advance if thermal cameras could measure air temperatures too, as it would make mobile data collection more efficient, consistent, and precise. The authors address this by studying the camera temperature readings using a proxy for air temperature – shaded white test-sheets held aloft. The challenge is to minimize near-field absorption of infrared radiation that impinges upon the test-sheets, potentially raising surface temperatures significantly above ambient air temperatures bathing the sheets. The authors correct for the infrared effect using an adjacent sheet of aluminum foil to estimate background radiation impinging on the paper proxy. Results show that at a two-meter height, 86–87% of the measurements closely approximate (within ±1°C) of weather station data. Over hotter surfaces, the background infrared test is needed for the proxy temperature reading to be accurate.

Al3+ ion sensing at attomole level via surface-potential mapping of gold nanoparticle complexes

Aluminum can be ionized in water by reacting with chlorides. Aluminum ions (Al3+) are believed to be very harmful to human health and are associated with Alzheimer’s disease. The detection of Al3+ is extremely important, but conventional methods suffer from low sensitivity and cumbersome processes. Herein, we report ultra-sensitive and label-free detection of Al3+ using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Al3+ was exposed on citrated AuNPs with different concentrations; Al3+/AuNP complexes were constructed via binding interactions between Al3+ and the citrates. By probing the Al3+/AuNP complexes, we quantified the degree of interactions between Al3+ and the citrated AuNPs using KPFM. As the Al3+ concentration decreased, KPFM succeeded in exhibiting ultra-sensitive detection as low as 2amol (limit of detection 1pM, single droplet 2μL). We tested real samples from a sheet of aluminum foil, and detected ∼748amol (∼374pM, single droplet 2μL) Al3+. The results indicate that the combination of AuNPs and KPFM offers a robust, facile, and an ultra-sensitive platform technology for detecting Al3+.