Aluminum Doping Research Articles

Unraveling the nature of local field distortion-induced dual electron-trapping centers for efficient photocatalytic fuel evolution

Active electron-trapping centers play significant roles in photocatalysis. Herein, we synergize local field distortion and defects in nanocrystals to produce dual electron-trapping centers and unravel the nature of aluminum doping in porous ZnO with tunable amounts of heteroatoms and oxygen vacancies. The introduced Al atoms in the structural domain induce local field distortion and trigger the movement of Zn2+ from a singlet low spin state to a stable triplet state, resulting in the generation of free carriers trapping centers and optimized electronic energy band structure. Dual active electron-trapping centers of heteroatoms and oxygen vacancies promote the Separation of photo-generated charge carriers and reduce the adsorption energies of H* species. Furthermore, the d-band center of Al-doped ZnO with oxygen vacancies shifts to a higher energy position, thus promoting the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen intermediates and exhibiting 4-fold the photocatalytic H2 efficiency of pristine ZnO. This study provides new insights into the rational design of highly efficient oxide-based photocatalysts toward sustainable solar fuel evolution.

Investigation of Zn Doped Li1.5Al0.5−xZnxGe1.5(PO4)3 (x = 0, 0.1 & 0.2) as a Solid Electrolyte for Li Ion Batteries

All solid lithium-ion batteries (ASLB) have gained a lot of attention as it could deliver high energy and power density. In order to completely establish ASLB, proper understanding of solid electrolyte is very vital and the research from diverse point is still undergoing. Among them, NASICON-type phosphate based solid electrolytes are one of the promising materials due to good ionic conductivity and atmospheric stability. Addition of proper dopants into the parent material could cause an increment in their ionic conductivity as well as stability, thus fitting the material apt as solid electrolyte. This study aims in understanding the effect of ionic conductivity and stability of Lithium Aluminium Germanium Phosphate (LAGP) material upon adding Zinc as dopant material. We explored the effect of structural, ionic conductivity, stability against Li and Ac conductivity properties of Li1.5Al0.5−xZnxGe1.5(PO4)3 solid electrolyte with x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2. Our study showed that doping of aluminium with slightly bigger Zn ion could enhance the stability and conductivity of the material without changing the crystal structure. When x = 0.1 the ionic conductivity of the material attained is 1 × 10−5 S cm−1 at RT, which reaches 2.57 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 60 °C. Such a change in conductivity arises due to the expansion of ionic pathways which can be further tuned by exploring the limiting concentration 0 ≤ x < 0.1. Moreover, the sample also showed good stability at 0.03 and 0.05 mA cm−2 current densities against Li metal. Present study shows that Zn doping can improve the ionic conductivity of LAGP moderately and it can be used as a solid electrolyte for fabricating all-solid-state batteries.

Internal strain identification of seed-layered ZrO2, aluminum-, and yttrium-doped ZrO2 thin films via grazing incidence x-ray diffraction

Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction reveals that conventional post-deposition-annealed ZrO2 and in situ crystallized (by local epitaxy) ZrO2 thin films (&amp;lt;15 nm) have different internal strain states. A comparison between single- and two-step grown films enables the diverse strain components to be discretely identified. In particular, thickness-dependent intrinsic growth strain is unevenly distributed within the film according to the Volmer–Weber growth. Furthermore, extrinsic thermal strain, locally present in the annealed seed layer, does not spread over the in situ crystallized upper main layer of the two-step film. Post-deposition annealing of the two-step film renders the strain state identical to the single-step films by imposing thermal strain on the in situ crystallized main layer. Local strains created by diffused aluminum and yttrium dopants are also examined. Since each stress factor plays a vital role in the phase formation and electrical behaviors of ZrO2 and other fluorite-structure films, this method will pave the way for understanding the film's internal strain distribution and accompanying performance engineering.

The role of aluminum nanoparticles in the visible light activated photocatalytic properties of laser ablation produced nano-alumina particles

In this experimental study, chemical agent contaminated water was treated by the photocatalytic activity of aluminum-alumina nanocomposite. Methyl red was used as the chemical agent pollutant. Nanocomposite was synthesized by laser ablation method. The presence of both Al and Al2O3 in the structure of synthesized nanocomposite and the structural and optical properties of Al/Al2O3 nanocomposite were evaluated by XRD, FESEM, TEM, and UV–Vis spectroscopy techniques. Photocatalytic activity of Al doped alumina nanocomposite was triggered by UV and visible light irradiation and results were compared. The highest efficiency of the photocatalytic treatment of water was due to degradation of methyl red under UV radiation. In spite of large bandgap energy of alumina nanoparticles, presence of Al atoms in the synthesized nanocomposite as the effective traps to prevent the recombination of electrons and holes was responsible for acceptable efficiency of Al/Al2O3 nanocomposite in degradation of methyl red dye under visible light irradiation. Effects of photocatalyst concentration and reaction temperature were also investigated.

In situ Mössbauer spectroscopy study of the activation and reducibility of chromium- and aluminium-doped iron oxide based water-gas shift catalysts under industrially relevant conditions

The influence of chromium and aluminium doping on the over-reduction during activation of iron-oxide-based water-gas shift catalysts was investigated using Mössbauer spectroscopy for the first time. In situ Mössbauer spectra of catalysts exposed to industrially relevant gas compositions were recorded with increasingly reducing R factors R = [CO]*[H2]/[CO2]*[H2O]. Whereas α-Fe and cementite formed during exposure of a non-doped iron-oxide catalyst to process conditions with an R factor of 2.09, such phases were only observed at R = 4.60 for a chromium-doped catalyst, showing that chromium stabilizes the catalyst. Over-reduction was enhanced to R = 2.88 in a chromium-copper co-doped catalyst. α-Fe was already observed at R = 1.64 in an aluminium-doped catalyst, while cementite formation occurred at R = 2.09, showing that over-reduction was enhanced, the presence of aluminium delaying carburization. Co-doping copper in the aluminium-doped catalyst showed cementite formation at R = 2.09, the same as a non-doped catalyst.

First Principles Study of Aluminum Doped Polycrystalline Silicon as a Potential Anode Candidate in Li‐ion Batteries

AbstractAddressing sustainable energy storage remains crucial for transitioning to renewable sources. While Li‐ion batteries have made significant contributions, enhancing their capacity through alternative materials remains a key challenge. Micro‐sized silicon is a promising anode material due to its tenfold higher theoretical capacity compared to conventional graphite. However, its substantial volumetric expansion during cycling impedes practical application due to mechanical failure and rapid capacity fading. A novel approach is proposed to mitigate this issue by incorporating trace amounts of aluminum into the micro‐sized silicon electrode using ball milling. Density functional theory (DFT) is employed to establish a theoretical framework elucidating how grain boundary sliding, a key mechanism involved in preventing mechanical failure is facilitated by the presence of trace aluminum at grain boundaries. This, in turn, reduces stress accumulation within the material, reducing the likelihood of failure. To validate the theoretical predictions, capacity retention experiments are conducted on undoped and Al‐doped micro‐sized silicon samples. The results demonstrate significantly reduced capacity fading in the doped sample, corroborating the theoretical framework and showcasing the potential of aluminum doping for improved Li‐ion battery performance.

Interface structure, mechanics and corrosion resistance of nano-ceramic composite coated steels

Ceramic coating is an effective means to suppress steel corrosion, while the interface performance is far from being understood. Herein, the effects of component doping on the interface structure, multi-scale mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of alumina-based ceramic-coated steels were studied by means of density functional theory (DFT) and experimental characterizations. The DFT results show that electron transfer issues occur significantly between Fe and O atoms at the Fe/Al2O3 interface. The larger valences of Fe and O are promoted by the doping of Ti, Zr, and Ce atoms, and improve the interfacial electrostatic interaction, spacing, and energy. It screens out the well mix proportions, that is, taking titanium doped alumina as the matrix, doped with Zr or Ce. Experiments confirm that incorporation of ZrO2 or CeO2 additives effectively improve the microstructure of the ceramic-coated steel, significantly enhancing both interface bonding and corrosion resistance. In addition, the element diffusion occurs at the interface between nano-ceramic coating and steel, forming an interfacial mutual pinning structure.

Silica nanoparticle-reinforced polyurethane plastic immobilized with strontium aluminate nanofiller: Ultraviolet protection, superhydrophobicity and photoluminescence

A simple strategy was reported toward a possible industrial preparation of smart plastic materials with persistent afterglow, ultraviolet protection, superhydrophobic properties and photochromism. Nanoparticles of rare-earth doped aluminate (NREA) were embedded into a polyurethane plastic composite. A combination of polyurethane (bulk material), silica nanoparticles (nanofiller), and NREA (luminous agent) was prepared. Achieving a uniform distribution of NREA in a polyurethane fluid allows for the manufactured plastic to be colorless. NREA showed diameters between 12 nm and 26 nm. When excited at 365 nm, the produced photoluminescent polyurethane composite demonstrated an emission band at 519 nm. NREA contents more than 1 % were found to exhibit persistent photoluminescence, whereas pigment concentrations less than 1 % were found to exhibit fluorescence emission. The created plastic concrete exhibited photochromism, as shown by the coloration parameters and photoluminescence spectra, which proved a change in color between transparent during daylight, green under ultraviolet rays, and greenish-yellow in darkness. The static contact angle tests demonstrated effective superhydrophobic properties. Significant improvements were detected ultraviolet protection and photostability. The hardness properties, structural compositions, and morphology of the developed polyurethane plastics were also explored.

Impact of aluminium doping in magnesium-doped zinc oxide thin films by sputtering for photovoltaic applications

In this study, Mg-doped zinc oxide (MZO) thin films were deposited through radio frequency (RF) sputtering for different substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature (25 °C) to 350 °C. XRD analysis depicted that the higher substrate temperatures lead to increased crystallite size. From the UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmittance (T) was found approximately 95% and the optical band energy gap (Eg) was determined around 3.70 eV. Hall effect measurement system measured the carrier concentration and resistivity of all films in the order of 1014 cm−3 and 103 Ω-cm, respectively. Since the structural and optoelectrical properties of the MZO films were not significantly affected by the substrate temperatures, Aluminium (Al) was co-doped in the MZO film to improve structural and optoelectrical properties. As a result, the carrier concentration of Al doped MZO (AMZO) films was increased up to ~ 1020 cm−3 from ~ 1014 cm3 (MZO), and the resistivity was decreased up to ~ 10–1 Ω-cm from 103 Ω-cm (MZO) representing the significant changes in electrical properties without affecting the transmittance. This study opens a pathway for improving the MZO buffer layer that can enhance the cell performance of CdTe solar cells.Graphical abstract

Near-infrared and green light emission spectroscopic characteristics of Er3+ doped alumina–phosphate glasses

Near-infrared and green light emission spectroscopic characteristics of Er3+ doped alumina–phosphate glasses

DFT studies on structural, electronic and optical properties of aluminum nitride nanotube doped by different concentrations of boron

Nanotubes are an exceptional class of materials whose unusual properties depend on geometry and composition. In this work, we have investigated the optoelectronic properties of aluminum nitride nanotube doped with boron in concentrations of 4.2 %, 8.3 %, and 12.5 % respectively. Analysis was done by considering the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the considered nanotubes using density functional theory implemented in quantum ESPRESSO and Yambo codes. Simulations revealed that doped aluminum nitride nanotube whose nitrogen atoms were replaced turned to metallic while doped aluminum nitride nanotube whose aluminum atoms were replaced retained its semiconducting characteristics showing various band gaps with different concentrations of dopants. Optical absorption behaviors revealed that 8.3 % B-doped aluminum nitride nanotube made better utilization of visible light than others and hence can be used as a candidate for dye degradation and wastewater treatment, solar cell, LED, and LASER. In the end, all the doped nanotubes were found to be worthy for various fields of science and technology.

Effect of doping and preparation parameter on AC conductivity and dielectric modulus formalism of Al doped DLC thin films

Here, we report the composite effect of aluminum doping on the dielectric response of Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) thin films. In addition, the contribution from preparation parameters like acetylene flow rate is also considered to understand sample behavior. AC conductivity study shows the existence of a nonlinear increase of conductivity with frequency leading toward the Jump Relaxation Model (JRM). The transition frequency (ft) is observed, which increases with conductivity. The study reveals that dielectric response is influenced by space charge conductivity, prompting us to adopt the modified Debye law. Deviation from ideal Debye behavior is also confirmed in dielectric modulus analysis. The deviation is frequency-dependent, and a higher deviation is observed in the high-frequency region. Plotting of the Master curve shows the presence of different relaxation dynamics in different samples. A current-voltage (I-V) study of different samples is also undertaken, showing higher values (greater than unity) of the ideality factor.

Aluminum-silver nanoalloys supported on a nitrogen-doped edge of bilayer graphite as thermal engineering device for H2 storage

Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that doping nitrogen in the edges of bilayer graphite as a support material near room temperature significantly enhances hydrogen storage on aluminum nanoparticles compared to silver nanoparticles. This finding underscores aluminum's potential for industrial hydrogen storage applications. Hydrogen storage on aluminum and silver nanoparticles, and aluminum-silver nanoalloys supported on bilayer graphite (BG) and nitrogen-doped bilayer graphite edges (NDBGE) exhibits a diminishing trend with increasing temperature. Particularly noteworthy is the observation that higher concentrations of aluminum doping in silver-aluminum nanoalloys, when supported on NDBGE, lead to a decrease in hydrogen storage across various temperatures. Using NDBGE as a supporting material leads to a substantial increase in hydrogen storage on aluminum-silver nanoalloy surfaces, achieved through thermal engineering within the temperature range: 300 K to 350 K. Here, the combination of thermal engineering and nitrogen doping in bilayer graphite edges provides a viable approach to engineer larger aluminum nanoparticles, aligning with international standards criteria such as those set by the United States Department of Energy (SUSDOE) for hydrogen storage. Bilayer graphite, when utilized as a support for aluminum metals, facilitates thermal engineering across a broad temperature range, aligning with SUSDOE's objectives. Concerning the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen, there is no consistent trend observed as a function of temperature for aluminum and silver nanoparticles supported on NDBGE. However, in the case of silver-aluminum nanoalloys supported on NDBGE, hydrogen diffusion increases with temperature. The general trend for hydrogen diffusion on aluminum surfaces versus temperature agrees with available experimental data. Current simulation results predicting a decrease in hydrogen adsorption on aluminum surfaces with increasing temperature also confirm available experimental findings.

Aluminum-doped zinc oxide thickness controllable wavelengths in visible light and high responsivity devices using interrupted flow atomic layer deposition

In this study, we develop a highly sensitive visible light photodetector that utilizes a thin-film structure composed of low-cost aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and n-type silicon. The AZO thickness can be adequately controlled to fit the different wavelengths of interest for photodetectors in the visible light range using interrupted flow atomic layer deposition (ALD). This in situ aluminum doping method ensures a uniform aluminum distribution within the AZO thin films and effectively increases the internal film reflections and photoresponsivity. The Schottky interface with n-type silicon is created by degenerated AZO due to the lower Fermi level, and visible light can effectively penetrate the underlying depletion zone. Optical simulation of the high conductivity of AZO indicated that the optimal thickness was 54.6, 65.8, and 91.7 nm for devices illuminated with 450 nm blue, 525 nm green and 700 nm red light, respectively. Hall effect measurements confirmed that the AZO film can achieve a low resistivity of 5 × 10–4 Ω-cm and high carrier concentration of 3 × 1020 cm−3 at a suitable precursor ratio. Additionally, AZO films offer multifunctionality by providing optical antireflective properties and forming Schottky junctions with n-type silicon to enable photoelectric conversion. This multifunctional role of AZO was experimentally validated through electrical, optical, and optical-to-electrical experiments, which showed that the optimized device can reach an optical responsivity of approximately 10.7 AW−1 at specific visible light wavelengths. The significant photoelectrical conversion efficiency and simple thin-film structure design facilitate future applications in light intensity measurement, such as in colorimetry or fluorometry.

Assessing the gas sensing capability of undoped and doped aluminum nitride nanotubes.

CO2 and CO gas sensors are very important to recognize the insulation situation of electrical tools. ToCO explore the application of noble metal doped of aluminum nitride nanotubes for gas sensors, DFT computations according to the first principal theory were applied to study sensitivity, adsorption attributes, and electronic manner. In this investigation, platinum-doped aluminum nitride nanotubes were offered for the first time to analyze the adsorption towards CO2 and CO gases. Firm construction of platinum-doped aluminum nitride nanotubes (Pt-AlNNT) was investigated in four feasible places, and the binding energy of firm construction is 1.314 eV. Respectively, the adsorption energy between the CO2 and Pt-AlNNT systems was - 2.107 eV, while for instance of CO, the adsorption energy was - 3.258 eV. The mentioned analysis and computations are considerable for studying Pt-AlNNT as a new CO2 and CO gas sensor for electrical tools insulation. The current study revealed that the Pt-AlNNT possesses high selectivity and sensitivity towards CO2 and CO. In this research, Pt-doped AlNNT (Pt-AlNNT) has been studied as sensing materials of CO and CO2 for the first time. The adsorption process of Pt-AlNNT has been computed and analyzed through the DFT approach. DFT computations by using B3LYP functional and 6-31 + G* basis sets have been applied in the GAMESS code for sensing attributes, which contribute to potential applications.

Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Epitaxial β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3 Films for Optoelectronic Devices

AbstractBandgap engineering in monoclinic gallium oxide (β‐Ga2O3) is a powerful strategy for designing semiconductor optoelectronic devices with specific functionalities. In this work, aluminum doping is utilized to modulate the bandgap of Ga2O3. By growing epitaxial β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3 (0≤ x≤ 0.84) films on c‐plane sapphire substrates using RF magnetron sputtering, it allowed to tune the energy bandgap, achieving values as high as 6.10 eV. The increased luminescence intensity is attributed to the recombination between donor and acceptor transitions induced by Al doping, resulting in more defects. Additionally, the luminescent band experienced blueshifts due to the enhanced bandgaps. Moreover, density of functional theory (DFT) simulations confirmed the sensitivity of the bandgap to Al content, distinguishing between Ga‐dominated (x &lt; 0.5) and Al‐dominated (x &gt; 0.5) β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3. Notably, the bandgap increased more rapidly in Ga‐dominated structures compared to Al‐dominated ones. The electronic structure analysis revealed a redistribution of Ga d states from valence to conduction bands, attributed to the introduction of numerous Al p states. These combined experimental and detailed electronic structure investigations proved crucial insights for designing the structure and exploring potential applications of β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3 in photonic devices.

Synthesis and characterization of absorption-enhanced alumina solid particle materials for direct irradiation solar-thermal conversion

Based on solar-thermal application more than 1000 °C, a novel combination of sol-gel synthesis and stepwise calcination to prepare metal-ion doped alumina composite particles as heat transfer media were proposed, enhancing solar energy absorption and lowering preparation temperature. Investigations focused on the elemental distribution, phase composition, oxidation states, optical properties and thermal stability of the composites, which were doped with Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, and Mn metal ions in a 100:5 M ratio. The first-principles calculations elucidate the mechanism behind the impact of transition metal ions on alumina’s optical properties. Results show that introducing a small quantity of metal atoms results in new impurity energy levels and electron states around EF = 0. Specifically, the band gap energy of Cu- and Mn–Al2O3 decreases from 6.017 eV to 4.464 eV and 2.170 eV, respectively. Correspondingly, the absorptivity of these composite particles increases from around 20 %–76.6 %. And Tauc analysis indicates a decrease in the optical band gap of the particle materials from 5.37 eV to a range of 2.88–4.90 eV. Additionally, doping with Mn, Fe, and Cu accelerates the in-situ formation of α-Al2O3 crystals, with a phase transition temperature below 1000 °C and a crystallinity exceeding 93 %. Thermal stability tests show that the particles are highly stable, exhibiting a mere 0.49 % mass change between 30 °C and 1200 °C. The stepwise inert annealing strategy and metal-iron doping positively influence the optical performance of alumina, synthesizing long-term high-temperature stable alumina ceramic particles with absorptance enhancement and a low α-Al2O3 phase transition temperature. These attributes make a favorable choice for solar-thermal applications in direct irradiation.

Investigating dual-functional Al-doped stannic oxide nanorods towards photodegradation of real industry wastes and dye-sensitized solar cell application: An experimental and theoretical interpretation

In this work, we demonstrate a uniquely designed Tin (IV) Oxide (SnO2)-based nanomaterials for energy and environmental applications. Here, the Al-doped SnO2 nanorods (NR) at various concentrations ranging from 3 wt% to 9 wt% carried out following facile co-precipitation technique which induced synergic structural, optical and electrical properties in resulting products. Further, the Al-incorporation induced considerable changes to the structural, optical, and electrical characteristics turning SnO2 nanorods to Al-SnO2 nanocubes (NCs). Resulting changes from nanorod to nanocubes were closely monitored using various characterization techniques, which were then effectively utilized for photocatalytic degradation of important textile industry dyes, encompassing both cationic (MB, CV) and anionic (EBT) types. Optimal Al-doped SnO2 NC (6 wt%) demonstrated significant degradation efficiencies for organic pollutant and textile industry effluents under direct sunlight exposure. On the other hand, combination of optical and electrical properties was utilized in dye-sensitive solar cells (DSSCs) to achieve noteworthy efficiency of 6.33%, surpassing that of previous reported SnO2-based nanostructures. These exceptional performance nanomaterials can be attributed to the optimized morphology of the nanocubes and the reduction of the band gap from 3.24 eV to 2.75 eV facilitated by the introduction of aluminum dopant. Furthermore, synergic combination has also improved visible light excitation, substantially decreased resistance to charge carrier transfer phenomenon, improved the charge carrier concentration, as well as considerably decreased the electron/hole recombination rate. Therefore, presence of Al in SnO2 nanostructure has considerably improved the opto-electrical properties that were interpreted following theoretical studies. Therefore, study gives simple nanomaterials having both the photodegradation and dye-sensitive solar cell (DSSC) performance of the SnO2 nanostructure, as a cost-effective energy conversion and water pollution remediation tool for the near future.

Comparative structural study of Al2O3–SiO2 glasses and amorphous thin films

AbstractWe compared the impact of alumina doping on the structure of Al2O3–SiO2 amorphous thin films and bulk glasses using Raman spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction. In both thin films and bulk glasses, the addition of Al2O3 is accompanied by an increase in the mean Si–O–T angle and an evolution of the ring statistics with a decrease in the proportion of small rings. We evidenced structural differences between sputtered films and fused bulk glasses. Sputtered Al2O3–SiO2 thin films are about 6%–7% denser than their equivalent Al2O3–SiO2 bulk glasses. This difference is mainly due to a change in ring statistics with the formation of small rings within the sputtered thin films. These structural differences in atomic structural organization highlight the impact of the synthesis conditions and open the door to further investigation of the structure–functional property relationships in sputtered Al2O3–SiO2 thin films.

Zinc- and Fluoride-Releasing Bioactive Glass as a Novel Bone Substitute

Bioglass 45S5, a silica-based glass, has pioneered a new field of biomaterials. Bioglass 45S5 promotes mineralization through calcium ion release and is widely used in the dental field, including toothpaste formulations. However, the use of Bioglass 45S5 for bone grafting is limited owing to the induction of inflammation, as well as reduced degradation and ion release. Phosphate-based glasses exhibit higher solubility and ion release than silica-based glass. Given that these glasses can be synthesized at low temperatures (approximately 1,000°C), they can easily be doped with various metal oxides to confer therapeutic properties. Herein, we fabricated zinc- and fluoride-doped phosphate-based glass (multicomponent phosphate [MP] bioactive glass) and further doped aluminum oxide into the MP glass (4% Al-MP glass) to overcome the striking solubility of phosphate-based glass. Increased amounts of zinc and fluoride ions were detected in water containing the MP glass. Doping of aluminum oxide into the MP glass suppressed the striking dissolution in water, with 4% Al-MP glass exhibiting the highest stability in water. Compared with Bioglass 45S5, 4% Al-MP glass in water had a notably reduced particle size, supporting the abundant ion release of 4% Al-MP glass. Compared with Bioglass 45S5, 4% Al-MP glass enhanced the osteogenesis of mouse bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mouse macrophages cultured with 4% Al-MP glass displayed enhanced induction of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages and reduced proinflammatory M1 macrophages, indicating M2 polarization. Upon implanting 4% Al-MP glass or Bioglass 45S5 in a mouse calvarial defect, 4% Al-MP glass promoted significant bone regeneration when compared with Bioglass 45S5. Hence, we successfully fabricated zinc- and fluoride-releasing bioactive glasses with improved osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, which could serve as a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration.