Aluminum Bottles Research Articles

Recruitment and training of a sensory expert panel to measure the touch of beverage packages: Issue and methods employed

Although formerly considered an intermediate product, packaging has become a main component of the product and largely contributes to its perceived quality. It is the first contact with consumer. For many years, the food industry has used sensory analysis techniques to improve the gustative and olfactive quality of its products, yet there has been very little application to the packaging. The present article investigates issues involved in the recruitment and training of a sensory tactile expert panel for beverage packaging. The study addresses two important questions: what are the sensory tactile attributes that are usable for packages, and do the hand movements performed by each expert have an impact on the sensory response? The first part presents the research of sensory attributes and the training of two groups on different types of beverage packaging (glass, plastic, aluminum bottles). The performances of both groups have been controlled. In the second part, the impact of hand movements (kind of movement, variation, and strategy of haptic exploration) is demonstrated by a three-step experiment.

Thermal Performance of Aluminum and Glass Beer Bottles

Aluminum beer bottles recently have been introduced as an alternative to traditional glass bottles or aluminum cans. Advertisements claim that the new aluminum bottles keep beer “colder longer” than glass bottles. Because the thermal conductivity of aluminum is over 150 times that of typical soda-lime glass, and because the bottle wall is thinner, this claim appears counterintuitive. In this investigation, the thermal performance of commercially available aluminum and glass beer bottles was examined using experimental, analytical, and computational methods. It was found that when exposed to ambient air, glass and aluminum bottles perform in a nearly identical manner with respect to keeping their contents cold. Each bottle showed an approximately 15°C temperature rise over a 2.7-hour period. Heat transfer is controlled by natural convection and thermal radiation at the outer bottle surface; hence, the difference in thermal conductivity between the bottles has no significant impact on the temperature transient. Computational simulations also predict that when an aluminum bottle is immersed in an ice-water bath, the liquid cools more quickly than in glass due to the lower thermal resistance of the aluminum versus the glass; when held in the hand, the glass bottle allows the liquid to warm more slowly than the aluminum bottle.

A Fundamental Study on Evaluation Method for Drinking Ease of Aluminum Beverage Bottle

Aluminum beverage bottles with a screw top are containers that can be resealed again and again as well as PET bottles. They have the advantage that enables to recycle compared with PET bottles. Two kinds of bottle outlets 28 mm and 38 mm in diameter have been putting on Japanese markets recent years to meet drinking custom trend of consumers. However, some consumers feel that the 28 mm opening is too small and the 38 mm opening is too large. To improve drinking ease of aluminum beverage bottles, three kinds of bottle outlets (28, 33 and 38 mm) have been investigated based on a method of Kansei engineering (semantic differentials method and factor analysis), and on the numerical fluid dynamics analysis. Statistical analysis results of questionnaire have shown that the 33 mm opening is best for examinees. The factor analysis results of questionnaire have shown that drinking feeling is affected by two common factors of the flow amount and the adjustability. In addition, a process that examinees drink beverage from an aluminum bottle is simulated by the fluid dynamics analysis. It is found that examinees usually try to realize the ideal condition of flow rate by adjusting the inclination angle of the bottle.

3307 アルミボトルの持ちやすさ評価法の検討(J25-2 解析・設計の高度化・最適化II,ジョイントセッション,21世紀地球環境革命の機械工学:人・マイクロナノ・エネルギー・環境)

This paper studies on the evaluation method of gripping ease for aluminum bottle cans based on the KANSEI Engineering. The factor of gripping ease for aluminum bottle cans is examined, and then three factors of "State of the gripping", "Compatibility of the gripping" and "Weight feeling " have been extracted by analyzing the questionnaire results of the factor analysis. Afterwards, the bottles have been examined dynamically to consider the relationship between gripping ease for aluminum bottle cans, "State of the gripping" and "compatibility of the gripping".

2106 生体情報を用いた飲みやすさ評価法の基礎的検討

This paper describes a basic study on evaluation method of drinking ease with biological information. The purpose of this study is to develop evaluation method of beverage containers in order to consider a feeling of satisfaction and comfortableness when drinking from the opening of aluminum bottles. Myoelectric potential as biological information is used to evaluate physically. In order to find relations among mouthful beverage amount, myoelectric potential and subjective evaluation, we have measured myoelectric potential when subjects swallowed a beverage with different opening diameter, and subjective evaluation from a questionnaire survey.

1216 アルミボトルの開けやすさ・握りやすさ評価法に関する検討(OS1-1 最適設計と解析(1),オーガナイズドセッション:14 社会を支えるロボティクス・メカトロニクス技術)

1216 アルミボトルの開けやすさ・握りやすさ評価法に関する検討(OS1-1 最適設計と解析(1),オーガナイズドセッション:14 社会を支えるロボティクス・メカトロニクス技術)

Effects of extending the light phase on diapause induction in a Japanese population of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae

Artificial lighting is a merit of a 'plant factory', which might be utilized to suppress an increase in pest population. We investigated the effects of extending the light phase on diapause induction in the two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae. TSSM were reared at 18 degrees C under light phases ranging from 2 to 64 h combined with a constant dark phase of 16 h in aluminum bottles, with white light emitting diodes attached inside to minimize fluctuations in air temperature between the light and dark phases. Diapause was induced in adult TSSM females when the light phase was 24 h or shorter, and diapause induction was inhibited when the light phase extended over 32 h. The development of deutonymphs was delayed under a diapause-inducing photoperiod. Diapause inducing photoperiods may suppress an increase in the TSSM population, by slowing down development and reproduction.

Sevoflurane: Are There Differences in Products?

Sevoflurane is currently available in the United States from two manufacturers: Ultane (Abbott Laboratories, Inc.) and a generic product, Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthetic (Baxter Healthcare Corp.). These products are rated therapeutically equivalent by the Food and Drug Administration, but there are some differences. Ultane is made in a single-step synthetic process and generic sevoflurane is manufactured using a three-step process. Ultane contains >300 ppm water and generic sevoflurane contains < or =130 ppm water. Ultane is supplied in a plastic polyethylene naphthalate polymer bottle, while generic sevoflurane is supplied in lacquer-lined aluminum bottles. The manufacturing processes and impurities, sevoflurane degradation resulting from Lewis acid reactions, and suitability of nonglass containers for sevoflurane are discussed.

1202 アルミボトルの飲みやすさ評価法に関する検討 : 残存液量の違いによる比較と考察(OS12-1 感性と設計)

This paper has investigated effects of the bottle opening size (28, 33, 38mm) and the difference of remaining liquid amount (100, 200, 300ml) on drinking feelings in order to improve the comfort level of consumers when drinking directly from the opening of aluminum bottle. A survey over 30 subjects has been performed, and they have evaluated that the 33mm opening is the best no matter remaining liquid amount. From the result of the factor analysis, it has been found that drinking ease consists of the factor of adjustability and the factor of flow amount. In addition, it has been estimated that the adjustability of the 33mm opening is hard to be affected by liquid amount. Moreover it has become clear from the results of the observation of drinking action that there is appropriate flow amount and angular velocity for subjects.

3127 アルミボトルの飲みやすさ評価法に関する検討 : 緑茶と炭酸飲料による比較と考察(J03-1 解析・設計の高度化・最適化(1),J03 解析・設計の高度化・最適化)

This paper has investigated effects of the bottle opening size (28, 33, 38mm) and the beverage type (green tea, carbonated drink) on drinking feelings in order to improve the comfort level of consumers when drinking directly from the opening of aluminum bottle. A survey over 120 Japanese subjects has been performed, and they have evaluated that the 33mm opening is the best no matter beverage type. Moreover, there is appropriate flow rate for subjects, and it has become clear from the results of three dimensional fluid-dynamics analysis that the flow rate of carbonated drink is less than that of green tea.

415 アルミボトルの飲みやすさ評価法に関する検討 : 炭酸飲料の場合の評価実験と考察(OS1-2 最適設計と解析(2),オーガナイズドセッション:1 最適設計と解析)

415 アルミボトルの飲みやすさ評価法に関する検討 : 炭酸飲料の場合の評価実験と考察(OS1-2 最適設計と解析(2),オーガナイズドセッション:1 最適設計と解析)

A Study on the Opening Characteristic of an Aluminum Bottle and Effects of the Dimensions of the Bottle

This paper studies the opening characteristics of aluminum bottles with screw caps. In order to examine the opening characteristic, opening experiments and measurements of friction coefficient and contact state between the bottle and cap have been performed. An analysis technique of estimating the 1st torque when unscrewing the cap is proposed in consideration of the experimental results. The estimation agrees with the measurement of the 1st torque in general. It is necessary to take the relation between the friction coefficient and contact pressure into consideration to improve the estimation accuracy. The influence rates of the seal part, the screw part and the skirt part to the 1st torque are about 60%, 25%, and 15%, respectively. It is obvious that the design space of the skirt angle needs to be reduced so that a stable value of the 1st torque can be expected.

A Global Africa at Dak'art 7

A Global Africa at Dak'art 7

1107 アルミボトルの開栓性について(第2報)(OS7 感性と設計(II),未来社会を支えるものづくりとひとづくり(設計・システムから))

1107 アルミボトルの開栓性について(第2報)(OS7 感性と設計(II),未来社会を支えるものづくりとひとづくり(設計・システムから))

5306 アルミボトルの開栓性について(J17-1 解析・設計の高度化・最適化(1)(解析の高度化),J17 解析・設計の高度化・最適化:解析の高度化)

This paper has examined opening characteristics of an aluminum bottle experimentally. When a cap of bottle is rotated and opened by the fingers and palm, it is found the opening torque of cap shows two peaks during the opening process of cap ; the 1st peak of torque occurs when the cap initiates the rotation by overcoming the frictional resistance of screw, and the second peak of torque appears when the first bridge initiates the fracture. It has also been clear that the internal pressure influences the 1st torque much and the friction of skirt parts contributes about 20N\cm to the 1st peak. To improve the opening characteristics of cap for the aluminum bottle, it is turned out that the reduction of the 1st and 2nd torque of screw opening process is effective.

F06(7) 人間工学と設計 : アルミ飲料容器の事例を中心に(最適化技術の展開と応用)

F06(7) 人間工学と設計 : アルミ飲料容器の事例を中心に(最適化技術の展開と応用)