Aluminum Anode Research Articles

Tuning intrinsic photoluminescence from light-emitting multispectral nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals

To control and harness the intrinsic photoluminescence of solid-state, light-emitting materials produced by self-organization approaches remain challenging. This study demonstrates how the intrinsic broadband photoluminescence emission from nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) produced by anodization of aluminum in oxalic acid electrolyte can be precisely tuned by engineering its structure in the form of photonic crystals (PCs). A combination of pulse and constant anodization in distinct acid electrolytes makes it possible to engineer a novel heterogeneous optical structure consisting of two layers: (i) a non-emitting, light-filtering layer in the form of multi-spectral nanoporous anodic alumina photonic crystals (MS–NAA–PCs) on its top (i.e., 58 µm thick and average pore diameter of 17 nm) and (ii) an intrinsically light-emitting layer of NAA at its bottom (i.e., 50 µm thick an average pore diameter of 40 nm). MS–NAA–PCs are engineered to feature three intense, well-resolved photonic stopbands (PSBs), the positions of which are spaced at specific regions of the visible spectrum from ∼380 to 560 nm. It is demonstrated that the PSBs of the non-emitting MS–NAA–PCs on top of the heterogeneous optical structure act as a light-filtering component, which makes it possible to narrow and tune the characteristically broad, Gaussian-like photoluminescence emission from the underlying light-emitting NAA layer. This structural design makes it possible to narrow the width of photoluminescence emission up to ∼50 nm and blue shift its position for ∼15 nm. Our advances pave the way for novel designs of intrinsic, light-emitting NAA-based PC structures, which could find broad applicability across light technologies, such as sensing and biosensing, photodetection, and solar light harvesting.

Effect of carbon addition on dissolution behavior of aluminum alloy sacrificial anode

Using potentiodynamic polarization and immersion corrosion and sacrificial anode material discharge performance testing methods studied the dissolution behavior of aluminum anode material in the working condition of simulated Northwest oilfield corrosion conditions. The research results show that carbon can reduce the corrosion potential of aluminum anode material and anode current density increase, which can improve the material corrosion dissolution performance. Immersion corrosion test results show that with the carbon content in ascension, to enhance the anode material of aluminum anode material of uniform dissolving ability, passivation phenomenon was significantly suppressed. Adding carbon anode materials to add up the uniform’s ability to dissolve, eliminate the phenomenon of local corrosion of anode material and the discharge efficiency is greatly increased, effectively solve the aluminum anode material in high temperature environment to serve the current efficiency degradation of field engineering problems.

Effect of Crystal Orientation on the Corrosion Behavior of As-Cast Pure Aluminum Anodes in Air Batteries

Effect of Crystal Orientation on the Corrosion Behavior of As-Cast Pure Aluminum Anodes in Air Batteries

Metallurgical investigation of aluminum anode behavior in water-in-salt electrolyte for aqueous aluminum batteries

Although ionic liquid electrolytes (ILs) are environmentally unfriendly, they are the most common electrolyte used in aluminum-ion batteries (AIB). Aqueous electrolytes offer a more sustainable alternative, but problem with oxide passivating barrier on Al surface becomes more profound. Recently, a new sub-class of aqueous electrolytes, water-in-salt (WIS) of (AlCl3·6H2O), has been considered, but experimental validation of the behavior of the Al electrode over cycling is required. This work investigates aluminum/graphitic cells using WIS electrolytes with a mass ratio of salt to water of 4, 8, and 12 and finds that they show similar trends in cycling performance. The degradation observed over cycling has been attributed to the formation of a detrimental solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the Al surface. It was found that WIS 4 increased Al corrosion, resulting in a slightly higher capacity and longer cycling life. Metallurgical observation showed that the Al matrix has a tendency to initiate corrosion around Al3Fe intermetallic phases in both WIS and ILs. This implies that the presence of Al3Fe particles allows the electrolyte to break the oxide barrier and access the bulk Al. These results suggests that metallurgical treatments are important to enhance the electrochemical performance of AIB.

Progress and Trends in Nonaqueous Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

AbstractIt is important to research new energy storage technology for substituting the deficiencies of current energy storage devices, i.e., the poor energy density of lead‐acid batteries, the high cost of lithium‐ion batteries, etc. Rechargeable aluminum batteries (RABs) are regarded as one of the most promising storage devices due to the abundance of the materials required, superior security, and decent energy density of aluminum anodes. Nevertheless, there are some significant challenges, such as the developing energy density of cathodes, corrosion, and the high cost of electrolytes, which set obstacles to the industrialization of RABs. For avoiding the pitfalls of RABs research and boosting the development of RABs, the recent progress and trends in RABs covering mechanisms, components of RABs (electrodes, electrolytes, separators, and current collectors) and technology of assembly and packaging of devices are summarized and proposed.

Optimal performance of electrodialysis process for the recovery of acid wastes in wastewater: Practicing circular economy in aluminum finishing industry

This work aimed to apply electrodialysis (ED) for the recovery of diluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) waste liquor generated at rinsing baths in the aluminum anodizing industry. A bench-scale ED process was used to recover acid and water from diluted waste acid liquors in the aluminum anodizing process. The optimal conditions and parameters defined in bench-scale studies were utilized to treat a real industrial acid solution. A bench-scale ED system was run continuously with a connected rinse water line of aluminum plating to concentrate diluted sulfuric acid for recovery. Industrial-scale studies confirmed that the produced concentrated acid and water solutions were of sufficient quality to be reused during the aluminum anodizing process. Besides, diluate characteristics allowed it to be reused as rinse water and reduced the effluent volume sent to the wastewater treatment plant by 90%. Electrodialysis treatment provided a near-zero pollutant discharge. Closed cycle water and acid usage loop were achieved for the aluminum galvanic process, which lessens the environmental and economic impacts of the process. Overall, electrodialysis presented a promising option for the aluminum industry.

On the Nature of Self-Organization of Porosity During Aluminum Anodization

On the Nature of Self-Organization of Porosity During Aluminum Anodization

Trend Removal in Measurements of Best Linear Time-Varying Approximations—With Application to Operando Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

Equilibria evolving over time, also called trends, are often present in ongoing measurements of real-life systems. These trends are considered as disturbances when computing the best linear time-varying approximation (BLTVA) of the system. Current techniques for dealing with trends in BLTVA measurements consist of modeling the trend with a finite number of basis functions. However, in measurements with dominant trends, the trend cannot always be captured well enough by this set of basis functions, and hence, the uncertainty on the BLTVA increases. As a consequence, one loses low-frequency information. In this article, the state-of-the-art method for estimating the BLTVA is extended by removing the trend with a differencing operator. It is shown that with this novel technique, low-frequency information becomes more visible. Moreover, the novel method decreases the variance on the BLTVA and allows to measure fewer periods. Hence, the novel technique improves the route for treating arbitrary out-of-equilibrium or also called operando, measurements. As an illustration, it is applied to operando time-varying impedance measurements of three electrochemical processes: the charging of a Li-ion battery cell, the electrorefining of copper, and the anodizing of aluminum.

Regulating solvation and interface chemistry to inhibit corrosion of the aluminum anode in aluminum–air batteries

Introducing sodium stannate and potassium acetate in an alkaline electrolyte as a hybrid high concentration electrolyte for aluminum–air batteries.

Contribution of constitutional liquation of the segregation phase to improve the electrochemical performance of Al–Sn based anodes

A liquid segregation phase was constructed in an aluminum anode to improve the electrochemical performance of Al–air batteries.

ELEKTROKOAGÜLASYON İLE SU ARITMA

Electrochemistry is the science that study, the effect of the electricity on the phase of matter by producing chemical reactions, which causes this effect. Several applications and technologies such as; batteries, fuel cells, and industries, such as aluminum industry depend on theories of electrochemistry science. Integration of electrochemistry with other chemistry science such as; environmental chemistry, contributes highly in serving environment to be clean, and safe. One of electrochemistry applications in waste water treatment is the electrocoagulation; which considered as; one of the best water treatment methods. This technology depends on electrolysis of aluminum or steel anode, to produce ions, can be react with water ions, and producing new complex polymeric compounds that will flocculate the suspended particles, and deposit it in the bottom of electrocoagulation tank. Using this technology, takes avital role in cancelling the need of coagulation chemicals, and thickeners, beside that the level of electrical current that used is low. But some limits still exist; such as; the regular need to replace the anodic electrode, because it dissolves in water, electricity may be expensive in some places.

Chrysanthemum coronarium leaves extract as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for aluminum anode in aluminum-air battery

In this study, the effect of chrysanthemum coronarium leaves extract (CCLE) in increasing alkaline aluminum-air (Al-air) battery performance is elucidated using hydrogen gas evolution tests, various electrochemical measurements and battery performance tests. CCLE additive displays the outstanding corrosion inhibition effect on the Al anode through the formation of a protective film on the Al surface. The surface morphology of Al is assessed by scanning electron-microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are applied to disclose the chemical composition of the extract as well as formation mechanism of the protective film on the Al surface. This film is caused by the electrostatic interactions, hydro-bonds and/or a combination of these between the extract molecules and aluminum surface. The presence of this film advances the capacity density of battery up to 2941.18 mAh g -1, increases three fold compared to a 4 M NaOH solution. Also, the electrochemical activity of the Al electrode is improved significantly.

AC Corrosion behaviour of aluminium and zinc sacrificial anodes in seawater

ABSTRACT In this work, the corrosion behaviour of aluminium (Al) and zinc (Zn) sacrificial anodes under AC interference were studied in 3.5% NaCl solution by AC corrosion simulation experiments, weight loss tests and surface morphology analyses. It was found that AC accelerated the corrosion of Al and Zn, and their corrosion rates increased with the AC current density, besides the localised corrosion of Al was much more obvious than Zn. When the AC current density was 100 A m−2, the uniform corrosion rates of Al and Zn increased to 14.6 and 0.46 mm/year, respectively, which were 34.8 and 1.48 times of the free-corrosion rates of them. Meanwhile, both the uniform and localised corrosion rates of Al increased much more significant than that of Zn under AC interference.

The Effect of Different Pre-Surface Finishing Method on the Aluminium Anodization of the 6XXX Series Alloy

In this study, the effect of different pre-surface finishing method on the aluminium anodization was investigated for AA 6063 alloy. Within the scope of pre-surface finishing method which is acidic solution concentrations and process time were determined. Acidic solution was determined by using hydrofluoric acid (HF) and nitric acid (HNO3). Also Gresoff LIM-5 LV chemical was used with different concentrations and process time for degreasing process. The etching effect of acidic solution on aluminium samples was investigated. The optimal etching behaviour was obtained with 1.0% concentration of HF and 3.2% concentration of HNO3 at 10 minutes process time. Also optimal surface properties were observed with 1.0% concentration of Gresoff LIM-5 LV at 12 minutes process time. Then anodic oxidation was performed by using 180 g / L sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 18 volt (V). Surface morphology of the final aluminium profiles were examined with SEM analysis, Roughness, Gloss and Thickness tests.

How does arsenic speciation (arsenite and arsenate) in groundwater affect the performance of an aerated electrocoagulation reactor and human health risk?

Arsenic (As) occurrence in water resources has become one of the most critical environmental problems worldwide. The detrimental health impacts on humans have been reported due to the consumption of As-contaminated groundwater resources. Consumption of As-containing water over the long term can cause arsenicosis and chronic effects on human health due to its toxicity. Several treatment processes are available for As removals such as coagulation, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane technologies but they have various major drawbacks. In the present work, therefore, an aerated electrocoagulation (EC) system with aluminum anodes was operated for simultaneous arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) removal to overcome the disadvantages of other processes such as, sludge formation, difficulties in operation, high operating costs, high energy consumption, and the requirement of pre-treatment process and to enhance the conventional EC process. The combined effects of the applied current (0.075–0.3 A), aeration rate (0–6 L/min), pH (6.5–8.5), and As speciation (As(V)-As(III)) were studied on As removal efficiency. The findings revealed that As removal mostly depended on the airflow rate and the applied current in the EC system. The highest As removal efficiency (99.1%) was obtained at an airflow rate of 6 L/min, a pH of 6.5, an initial As (V) concentration of 200 μg/L, and a current of 0.3 A, with an energy consumption of 2.85 kWh/m3 and an operating cost of 0.66 $/m3. The human health risk assessment of treated water was also examined to understand the performance of the EC system. At most of the experimental runs, the chronic toxic risk (CTR) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of As were within the permissible limits except for an airflow rate of 0–2 L/min, an initial pH of 8.5, and a current of 0.075–0.15 A for high initial As (III) concentrations. Overall, the As removal performance and groundwater risk assessment show that the EC process is a promising option for industrial applications.

Investigation of the features of the porous morphology of anodic alumina films at the initial stage of anodization

The work is devoted to the study of the porous structure formation of anodic alumina films at the initial stage of aluminium anodizing. SEM images of the surface morphology of the oxalic acid anodic films were analyzed. It was shown that at the initial stage, both major and minor pores are formed, the diameter ratio of which is about 1.16 and does not depend on the anodizing voltage. The results obtained indicate that the minor pores in the anodic films are located inside hexagonal cells composed of the major pores.

Fabrication and optical dispersions of three-dimensional hierarchical plasmonic nanostructures

This paper describes a facile method for the design and fabrication of hierarchical nanopatterns via aluminum anodization with an application for creating plasmonic crystals. Fabrication of highly-ordered anodized aluminum oxide nanopores requires an applied electric potential for anodization, which is typically set to match the pitch of nanoindentations on Al. This study reports a new voltage regime for Al anodization conditions where the process yields satellite pores of various shapes, periodicities, and sizes around the main pores. These new nanopatterned platforms provide an easy route to fabricate hierarchical metal nanostructures whose energy dispersions are shaped by the mode superposition of the surface plasmon polaritons originating from multiple periodic lattices.

Correction to “Evaluation of Impurities in Aluminum Anodes for Al-Air Batteries”

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to “Evaluation of Impurities in Aluminum Anodes for Al-Air Batteries”Jianming RenJianming RenMore by Jianming Ren, Chaopeng Fu*Chaopeng FuMore by Chaopeng Fuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-9538, Qing DongQing DongMore by Qing Dong, Min JiangMin JiangMore by Min Jiang, Anping Dong*Anping DongMore by Anping Dong, Guoliang ZhuGuoliang ZhuMore by Guoliang Zhu, Jiao ZhangJiao ZhangMore by Jiao Zhang, and Baode SunBaode SunMore by Baode SunCite this: ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2021, 9, 48, 16527Publication Date (Web):November 18, 2021Publication History Received31 October 2021Published online18 November 2021Published inissue 6 December 2021https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c07387Copyright © 2021 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Impurities,Batteries,Aluminum,Electrodes Get e-Alerts

Low cost electrocoagulation process for treatment of contaminated water using aluminium electrodes from recycled cans

Electrocoagulation has been used to successfully treat diverse types of wastewaters. This treatment is carried out when there is an electro-dissolution of soluble anodes to form metal hydroxide flocks within the effluent. In this work an electrocoagulation setup was used to treat water from a contaminated stream. Aluminium anodes produced from recycled cans were used as electrodes. The contact time and voltage during electrocoagulation were varied and the corresponding effects on pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and electrode weight gain/loss were observed. The average TDS of the raw water before Electrocoagulation was 286.7 mg/L. At 10 V, 20 V and 30 V, the average TDS of 246.3 mg/L, 227.3 mg/L and 220.7 mg/L were obtained after 120 min of electrocoagulation. The reduction in TDS signified improved anode dissolution and thus improved water quality. The results show that optimum COD and BOD removal efficiencies of 90.7% and 97.67% were obtained at 10 V.

Second life and recycling: Energy and environmental sustainability perspectives for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.

Second life and recycling of retired automotive lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have drawn growing attention, as large volumes of LIBs will retire in the coming decade. Here, we illustrate how battery chemistry, use, and recycling can influence the energy and environmental sustainability of LIBs. We find that LIBs with higher specific energy show better life cycle environmental performances, but their environmental benefits from second life application are less pronounced. Direct cathode recycling is found to be the most effective in reducing life cycle environmental impacts, while hydrometallurgical recycling provides limited sustainability benefits for high-performance LIBs. Battery design with less aluminum and alternative anode materials, such as silicon-based anode, could enable more sustainable LIB recycling. Compared to directly recycling LIBs after their electric vehicle use, carbon footprint and energy use of LIBs recycled after their second life can be reduced by 8 to 17% and 2 to 6%, respectively.