Aluminosilicate Binder Research Articles

Development of composite ultrafiltration membrane from fly ash microspheres and alumina nanofibers for efficient dye removal from aqueous solutions

In this work, a novel type of ultrafiltration ceramic membranes with the support based on fine fly ash microspheres and selective layer based on the alumina nanofibers with an aluminosilicate binder is proposed. The average pore sizes of the support and selective layer are 0.46 μm and 29 nm, respectively. The membrane is characterized by the compressive strength of 96 MPa and water permeability of 207 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. It is shown that the binder provides structural stability of selective layer and adhesion to the support. With increasing the binder content, the water permeability increases, reaches maximum, and then slightly decreases. The developed membranes are used for ultrafiltration of Blue Dextran dyes aqueous solutions with molecular weights of 70 kDa and 500 kDa and concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L. The dyes rejection varies in the range 97–99 %, while the permeate flux is 100–140 L m−2 h−1 at the transmembrane pressure of 4 bars. The dye retention occurs via adsorption at the initial stage, which leads to the narrowing of pore size. Further, the dye filtration proceeds mainly due to size effects. The proposed membranes can be employed for dye removal from wastewater, and also allow chemical modification by carbon coating to be employed in electrochemically assisted ultrafiltration. The developed methodology promotes the recycling of thermal energy waste and introduces novel approaches to combine waste and synthesized raw materials in the production of low-cost ceramic membranes.

In-situ preparation of alumina-based cermet after reduction of iron oxide in red mud with aluminum dross

Aluminum dross (AD) and red mud (RM) are waste discharged from aluminum industry. AD and RM contain 5-15 wt% of hazardous aluminum nitride (AlN) and 20–50 wt% of iron oxide, respectively. In this work, alumina-based cermet was in-situ prepared from AD and RM, after reduction of iron oxide with AlN by pyrometallurgy. Cermet was consisted of metal reinforcement phase about 1 μm, alumina matrix phase and low-melting aluminosilicate binder. Mechanism of in-situ preparation was studied after exploring phase composition of the cermet powder. Iron, silicon and titanium oxide from RM was reduced into Fe3Si and TiN, which acted metal reinforcement phase in cermet. Reaction was consisted of two steps, Fe2O3, TiO2 and AlN dissolving into low-melting aluminosilicate and electron transferring from AlN to Fe2O3, SiO2 and TiO2. Content of Fe in ceramic phase was decreased from 6 at.% to 1 at.% after reduction reaction. Low-melting aluminosilicate acted both reaction solvent for reduction reaction, and binder for metal reinforcement phase and alumina matrix phase. More low-melting aluminosilicate was formed when temperature was increased from 1200 °C to 1400 °C, which made more metal balls be formed. The metal ball and alumina were bonded by low-melting aluminosilicate, which increased the bond strength between reinforcement phase and ceramic phase in cermet. This work achieved a total recycle of AD and RM into cermet. It was proposed a novel idea of in-situ preparing cermet, which was generating metal reinforcement phase in ceramic matrix phase.

Design, Characterization, and Incorporation of the Alkaline Aluminosilicate Binder in Temperature-Insulating Composites.

This paper covers the design of binder formulations and technology for low-energy building materials based on alkaline aluminosilicate binders developed for special uses. The microstructure of the binders was investigated using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy examination techniques. The identification of phase compositions was performed by means of X-ray diffraction. The degree of binding of the alkali metal ions within the binder was determined with the help of chemical analysis of the pore fluid. Structure formation depending upon binder mix design and curing conditions was also studied. Some examples of the manufacture and application of binder-based glues and adhesives, including those developed for heat insulation and fire prevention, are discussed. The advantages of binder-based temperature-insulating composite materials compared with traditionally used materials are highlighted.

Effect of structure of unfluxed burnt titanomagnetite pellets on strength under static compression

Burnt pellets must retain their strength from the moment they are taken out of an induration machine until they are loaded into a blast furnace. One of the indicators of the burnt pellets’ strength is the compressive strength, i.e. the ultimate force. In experiments to determine compressive strength, the main type of fracture is occurrence and development of cracks that pass through the core center of pellets (where the maximum radial tensile stresses present) or near it. The paper presents the requirements for static compression strength imposed by blast furnace production to iron ore pellets. Using an optical and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive microanalyzer, we analyzed the relationship of structural components and pores in the core of burnt unfluxed iron ore titanomagnetite pellets with the ultimate force under static compression. By scanning electron microscopy and X-ray spectral microanalysis, it was established that the core of pellets is a multiphase material, and its main phases are titanomagnetite, magnetite, titanohematite, hematite and aluminosilicate binder. Optical microscopy made it possible to establish the microstructure of the pellet core, which has three types of microstructures: non-oxidized core (magnetite or titanomagnetite), partially oxidized core – around (magnetite or titanomagnetite) hematite grains (titanohematite) and oxidized core (hematite and titanohematite). The main factors for obtaining pellets with an ultimate force of more than 2.5 kN/pellet according to the requirements of blast furnace production are: the number of closed macropores and the number of large grains in the core. It is shown that with an increase in the number of closed macropores and the number of large grains in the core, the ultimate force is reduced from 3.5 kN to 0.87kN/pellet.

Studies on the compatibility of different superplasticizers with alkaline activators for low calcium geopolymer binders.

AbstractThe cement industry is coming into focus, as the annual production of around 4 Gt of cement is responsible for the emission of 1.5 Gt of CO2 and thus for over 8 % of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. This leads to the search for alternative binders. Such binders are calcined clays, which are available worldwide but vary greatly in their chemical and mineralogical composition. In many studies, particularly low‐calcium metakaolin is used as calcined clay, which reacts to form a low‐calcium aluminosilicate binder when mixed with a calcium‐free alkaline activator. The adjustment of the properties in the fresh state, especially regarding the consistency of these binders, is almost exclusively achieved by the addition of water, since commercially available superplasticizers are usually ineffective in low calcium geopolymer systems. The objective of this study was to investigate various PCE superplasticizers (MPEG‐, IPEG‐, HPEG‐PCE) with respect to their stability in different alkaline activators (NaOH, KOH, sodium, and potassium silicate solutions). The effectiveness of superplasticizers in low calcium geopolymer binders was verified by rheological tests. Size exclusion chromatography was used to investigate if structural degradation of the superplasticizers occurs. The investigated PCE superplasticizers showed no liquefying effect in the low calcium geopolymer system. This is due to a degradation process, i.e., the hydrolysis of the PEG side chains depending on the alkalinity of the activator.

ЛУЖНЕ АЛЮМОСИЛІКАТНЕ ПОКРИТТЯ ДЛЯ ЗАХИСТУ БЕТОНУ ВІД ТРАНСПОРТУ CL--ІОНІВ ПРИ ПЕРІОДИЧНИХ ЦИКЛАХ ЗВОЛОЖУВАННЯ І ВИСУШУВАННЯ

To ensure the durability of constructions is current world tendency of building industry. It’s well known that the periodical effect of chlorine-containing aqueous environment and carbonation under the action of atmospheric carbonic gas causes the most risk of the corrosion of steel reinforcement. The carbonation contributes toward releasing the bound Cl--ions adsorbed on hydration products. The advanced transport of Cl--ions ensures the corrosion of steel reinforcement. Thus, the mean to prevent the transport of aggressive ions in concrete from aggressive environment with combination of exposure classes XD3 and XC4 is actual for investigations. The coatings based on alkaline aluminosilicate binders were proposed for protection of reinforced concrete against the ingress of aggressive ions because of their well-known capability to ones bind in the zeolite-like phases. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of coating based on alkaline aluminosilicate binder of the composition (0.2K2O+0.8Na2O)•4.5SiO2•Al2O3•nH2O as protection of reinforced concrete from transport of Cl-, CO32--ions under periodical cycles of wetting/drying. The evaluation of protective properties of proposed coating in real operating conditions under cyclic drying-wetting in chlorine-containing aqueous environment was determined using the author’s methodology. Total protection of concrete after 90 cycles of drying-wetting in a 5 % solution of NaCl in the absence of traces of Cl--ions transport can be ensured by 3 mm of the coating. High protective properties of the coating were confirmed by the retention of its adhesion as well as high corrosion resistance of coated concrete under the action of specified aggressive environment. High protective properties of the coating are caused by binding Cl and CO32- ions in the water-resistant zeolite-like matrices.

INTUMESCENT FIREPROOF COATINGS BASED ON ZEOLITE‐LIKE CEMENT MATRICES

AbstractConcrete and reinforced concrete building structures (for example, such as tunnels) lose carrying ability in case of high‐temperature fire action. The aim of the research is to study the prevention of reinforced concrete structures (for example, such as tunnels) under fire action in case of using the proposed coating based on the alkaline aluminosilicate binder, which would not consist of organic components dangerous to health. The ratios between constituent oxides in the binder which ensure the ability to bloat the coating under fire action were determined. The performance properties of developed fire protective coating were defined after artificial aging (cycles of alternate drying and cooling) and fire action: bloating factor ‐ 2.0…5.1, adhesion strength ‐ 6.6…8.0 MPa, compressive strength ‐ 2.3…4.5 MPa, cohesive strength of 1.2…1.5 MPa, thermal conductivity coefficient ‐ 0.042…0.066 W/m‐°C, total porosity ‐ 92…97 %. The temperature at which the coating starts to bloat = 200…250 °C has been developed. The results of the test held in the open air suggested drawing a conclusion that with a coating thickness of 6 mm protection of the reinforced concrete from fragile fracture and from plastic deformations in the metal of the reinforcement they provided under fire exposure for a period of 3 hours.

Feasibility of incorporating SO42--ions in zeolite-like matrices based on alkaline aluminosilicate binders

Factors determining minimization of the influence of sulfate environments on concrete and risk of corrosion of embedded steel reinforcement have been analyzed. Coatings based on alkaline aluminosilicate binders were proposed to prevent transport of the sulfate ions into concrete. The formation of water resistant zeolite-like matrices on the alkaline aluminosilicate binder of the Na2O-K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system at 20 ± 2 °C can be provided by the use of calcium-containing modifying additives. Optimized molar ratios between oxides of binder constituent were SiO2/Al2O3 = 4–5 and K2O/(Na2O + K2O) = 0.15–0.30. The results of the study show that the speed of incorporating sulfate ions in cement matrix of binder from the sulfate environment is dependent upon a cation and ranks as follows: (NH4)2SO4 > MgSO4 > Na2SO4 > CaSO4. Complete protection of concrete against the penetration of sulfates can be reached when the developed coating is applied in a thickness of 3 mm.

Analytical Review of Geopolymer Concrete: Retrospective and Current Issues.

The concept of sustainable development provides for the search for environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional materials and technologies that would reduce the amount of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, do not pollute the environment, and reduce energy costs and the cost of production processes. These technologies include the production of geopolymer concretes. The purpose of the study was a detailed in-depth analytical review of studies of the processes of structure formation and properties of geopolymer concretes in retrospect and the current state of the issue. Geopolymer concrete is a suitable, environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to concrete based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with higher strength and deformation properties due to its more stable and denser aluminosilicate spatial microstructure. The properties and durability of geopolymer concretes depend on the composition of the mixture and the proportions of its components. A review of the mechanisms of structure formation, the main directions for the selection of compositions and processes of polymerization of geopolymer concretes has been made. The technologies of combined selection of the composition of geopolymer concrete, production of nanomodified geopolymer concrete, 3D printing of building structures from geopolymer concrete, and monitoring the state of structures using self-sensitive geopolymer concrete are considered. Geopolymer concrete with the optimal ratio of activator and binder has the best properties. Geopolymer concretes with partial replacement of OPC with aluminosilicate binder have a denser and more compact microstructure due to the formation of a large amount of calcium silicate hydrate, which provides improved strength, durability, less shrinkage, porosity and water absorption. An assessment of the potential reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from the production of geopolymer concrete compared to the production of OPC has been made. The potential of using geopolymer concretes in construction practice is assessed in detail.

Optimization and characterization of the ternary blended iron rich natural binder concrete system

Around the world, the infrastructure developmental activities searching for new generation cementing binders. Geopolymer is a hard stratum of non-crystalline inorganic alumino-silicate networks developed by alkali activated industrial by-product materials like fly ash, metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Laterite is a natural iron-rich aluminosilicate binder material that could be used as a binder with an essential chemical composition. In this research, optimization of iron rich binder content is used to enhance the compressive strength of concrete. For this, various factors were considered and employed in the Taguchi’s experimental technique. An orthogonal array of L16 (4)5 of four parameter levels and four factors are considered to optimize the iron-rich natural material with metakaolin and GGBFS as ternary blend, the molarity of NaOH solution, Na2SiO3to NaOH ratio, and liquid by binder ratio. The results trials showed strength fluctuating between 16 and 60 N/mm2 and the optimized mix obtained as 65 N/mm2. The optimized samples were undergone material characterization to ensure the transformation of iron source activated compound combinations, and the phase changes using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDS, DTA, Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Mossbauer Spectroscopy.

Alteration in molecular structure of alkali activated slag with various water to binder ratios under accelerated carbonation

Carbonation of alkali activated materials is one of the main deteriorations affecting their durability. However, current understanding of the structural alteration of these materials exposed to an environment inducing carbonation at the nano/micro scale remains limited. This study examined the evolution of phase assemblages of alkali activated slag mortars subjected to accelerated carbonation (1% CO2, 60% relative humidity, up to 28 day carbonation) using XRD, FTIR and 29Si, 27Al, and 23Na MAS NMR. Samples with three water to binder (w/b) ratios (0.35, 0.45, and 0.55) were investigated. The results show that the phase assemblages mainly consisted of C-A-S-H, a disordered remnant aluminosilicate binder, and a minor hydrotalcite as a secondary product. Upon carbonation, calcium carbonate is mainly formed as the vaterite polymorph, while no sodium carbonate is found after carbonation as commonly reported. Sodium acts primarily as a charge balancing ion without producing sodium carbonate as a final carbonation product in the 28-day carbonated materials. The C-A-S-H structure becomes more cross-linked due to the decalcification of this phase as evidenced by the appearance of Q4 groups, which replace the Q1 and Q2 groups as observed in the 29Si MAS NMR spectra, and the dominance of Al(IV) in 27Al MAS NMR. Especially, unlike cementitious materials, the influence of w/b ratio on the crystalline phase formation and structure of C-A-S-H in the alkali activated mortars before and after carbonation is limited.

Designing corrosion resistant systems with alternative cementitious materials

Alternative cementitious materials (ACMs) may exhibit superior mechanical properties and durability to certain environments, and that also may be produced with relatively less environmental impact compared to traditional portland cement. Differences in ACM composition, reaction products, and microstructure produces variations in their performance, including their resistance to fluid and ion and to corrosion of embedded steel. Understanding relationships between composition, structure, and corrosion performance in ACM systems is essential for designing durable reinforced concrete from these materials. Here, five commercially available ACMs are evaluated and compared against ordinary portland cement (OPC). The five ACMs include one calcium aluminate cement (CAC); one ternary blend of calcium aluminate, portland cement, and calcium sulfate (CACT); one calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSA) as well as the same CSA cement with polymer-modification (CSAP); and one activated aluminosilicate binder system (AA). Water sorption, chloride ion ponding, bulk conductivity, formation factor measurements, and accelerated corrosion tests were performed to evaluate the porosity, mass transport, chloride ion binding capacity, and resistance to corrosion of embedded reinforcement. The results demonstrate that mixtures with high pore structure interconnectivity and low binding capacity (such as CSA and CAC investigated in this paper) or mixtures with significantly low binding capacity (such as AA investigated in this paper) should be avoided to minimize damage due to chloride-induced corrosion. Polymer addition could be an important strategy to improve the corrosion resistance of mixtures that have high interconnectivity. Overall, one ACM, CACT, evaluated in this study showed the best corrosion resistance among the materials considered – including OPC.

A review on the durability and applicability of Geopolymer concrete from the recent research studies

Geopolymer concrete in recent years has come up as an remarkable solution to reduce the carbon footprints of cement industry thereby reducing its production by completely replacing it with other binders alternatives and making use of polymerization process using alkaline activators such as Sodium silicate, Sodium Hydroxide which activates the alumino-silicate binder and forms a 3D polymeric chain which thereby helps in proper strength development of Geopolymer Concrete. Many cements like products which are mostly fine ashes are being brought into use to analyse their response of replacing it in the mix with cement to analyse their behaviour as to what makes the Geopolymer concrete mix more robust and also the noticing the change in the physiological and chemical aspect. After successful implementation of Fly Ash which is an industry by product, now the agricultural by-products which are fine to satisfactory level are being tested to make concrete strong, and durable. This crucial and necessary development has brought keeping in mind the environment’s daily degradation because of the industries set up a carbon emitting source in their proximity which has to be readily dealt effectively over years. In this paper, we studied developments in Geopolymer concrete, design mixes and used agricultural as well as industrial by products for the use in the Geopolymer concrete and formulate all the research studies done on the production of most conclusive Geopolymer Concrete and make a standard comparison on what seems to be the most economical, durable and consistent mix of Geopolymer concrete, which comprises of various types of binders including Fly Ash, a byproduct of coal obtained from thermal power plant; Sugarcane Bagasse Ash, a byproduct of sugar mill industry; Rice husk ash, which is the ash obtained of the byproduct of rice mill industry.

COATING FOR PROTECTION OF CONCRETE FROM SULFATES

Durability of reinforced concrete is one of the main demands in civil engineering.Operating conditions, particularly in aggressive mediums, determine durability of constructions.Sulfate mediums are among the most aggressive ones which cause steel reinforcement corrosion. Themodern requirements for high consistency fresh concretes are governed by practice. This way thedisturbance of reinforcement passive state can be caused by changes in hardened concrete especiallyin aggressive mediums. Thus, the restriction of SO42- ions transport in concretes, which are obtainedfrom high consistency fresh mixes and exploited in sulfate mediums, can be considered as an actualproblem.The paper is devoted to protection of concrete surface by coating based on alkali-activatedaluminosilicate binder from SO42- ions transport to prevent steel reinforcement corrosion. It wasshown that the coating with thickness of 3 mm ensures total concrete protection. It was revealed thatpermeability of concrete depending on cation decreases in the row (NH4)2SO4>Na2SO4>MgSO4. Theprotective function of coating was simulated by application of mentioned salts as admixtures. LesspH values of water extracts of the binder during hydration while using of 2.5 % MgSO4 is evidenceof advanced crystallinity of zeolite-like sulfate-containing hydroaluminosilicates with participationof Mg2+ ions equal to Са2+ ions. While content of (NH4)2SO4 was increased up to 5.0 % less pH wasfixed due to decelerated formation of zeolite-like minerals. Stability of pH values in presence ofNa2SO4 (0.5…2.5 %) was caused by no influence on structure formation. Thus, the restriction of SO 2-ions transport in protective coating is due to their binding by alkaline aluminosilicate binder inzeolite-like minerals with higher crystallinity due to presence of Na+, NH + and Mg2+ cations fromsulfates.

Теплофизические характеристики теплозащитного материала корпуса ракетного двигателя при температурах до 1000 оС

An experimental determination of the temperature dependences of the specific heat capacity and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the multifunctional coating MFP-92 at temperatures up to 1000 °C has been carried out. At temperatures up to 450 °C, an IT-c-400 device was used to determine the specific heat capacity. IT-l-400 device was used for the determination of thermal conductivity. At higher temperatures, the determination of the thermophysical characteristics (TPC) was carried out by solving the inverse problem of thermal conductivity (IPT) in a flat plate under conditions of one-sided heating in a muffle furnace. Composite material MFP-92 is a multilayer structure with upper layers based on silica fabric and chromophosphate binder and lower layers based on mullite-silica fabric and aluminosilicate binder. The TPC of the layers also differ from each other, and, accordingly, the properties of this material as a whole can be determined only in the form of their effective values, averaged in one way or another over the thickness of the coating. In addition, during heating, the material undergoes significant physicochemical transformations associated with the thermal destruction of its components, manifested in the form of abundant gas release, and a decrease in the density of the material, which significantly changes its TPC and determines its dependence on the heating rate. Therefore, studies of the thermophysical characteristics of the MFP-92 material were carried out with several (2-5) consecutive heating cycles. It was found that in four heating cycles of the MFP-92 material up to 450 °C for 75 minutes when measuring the specific heat on the IT-c-400 device, its temperature dependence significantly changes qualitatively and quantitatively. With furnace heating to 1000 °C, the temperature dependences of the TPC of the material, determined in the first and second heating cycles, have a different form, but change insignificantly in subsequent heating cycles. This makes it possible to ascribe to the MFP-92 material a set of two sets of TPC related to its initial (phase A) and annealed after heating to 1000 °C (phase B) states. Using the obtained TPС of phase A (including the magnitude of the thermal effect of irreversible endothermic phase transition at 100 °C) and phase B, good agreement was obtained between the calculated and experimental temperature fields in the samples under furnace heating conditions.

Investigation of the Rheokinetic Properties and Penetration Depth of Aluminosilicate Adhesive in Pine Wood

Practical work and is devoted to the study of the rheological and deformative properties of Geofip aluminosilicate glue, obtained on the basis of an alkaline aluminosilicate binder composition Na2O Al2O3×6SiO2×20H2O, modified with 5% Cr2O3, when gluing wooden trusses in the field. The rheological and deformative properties of an aluminosilicate adhesive based on an alkaline aluminosilicate binder composition of Na2O×Al2O3×6SiO2×20H2O modified with 5% Cr2O3 have been investigated. It is noted that the dynamic viscosity of the adhesive slurry in the speed range from 0.1 to 0.8 RPM varies from 147600 to 144600 cP, and the average plastic viscosity in the same speed range is 87.39 cP. It was found that at shear rates from 0.021 to 0.168 1/s, an increase in shear force from 31 to 242.9 dyne/cm2 is observed due to the stabilization and uniformity of the dispersion phase particle distribution in the dispersion medium of the adhesive. It is shown that the aluminosilicate adhesive at a surface tension value of 88.1 mN/m is characterized by coefficients of wetting (s = 0.648) and fluidity (f = -62.02 mN/m), which ensures the uniformity of its application to the pine substrate. The average thickness of the adhesive layer was 1.25 mm, and the average depth of penetration of the aluminosilicate adhesive into the wood substrate, respectively, 0.12 mm. The destruction of the adhesive seam occurred at shear stresses of 515 MPa. The relative shear deformations were 162.5×10-5 mm.

Preparation of microfiltration ceramic membranes

The main factors affecting the physicochemical properties of microfiltration ceramic membranes based on natural quartz sand were studied. It was found that samples of large-porous ceramics with a content of 11.0 wt. % of the aluminosilicate binder and 10.0 wt. % of the burning additive are characterized by average pore size of 22±3.02 µm, water capacity of 54±5.0 m3/(h×m2×bar), and tensile strength of 9.0±0.6 bar. The optimal conditions for membrane layers coating were determined, which allowed obtaining microfiltration ceramic membranes with average pore size of 2.3±0.2 µm, water capacity of 26±1.0 m3/(h×m2×bar) and tensile strength of 6.5±0.3 bar.

119 Effect of DON on the porcine acquired immune response and potential remediation by a novel modified HSCAS binder

Abstract The objective of the current study was to evaluate the immunotoxic effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) in weaning piglets, and potential efficacy of a novel modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) binder to detoxify DON toxicity. Four groups of 21-day-old male piglets (n = 7/group) were fed a control diet or diet adding 1.0 or 3.0 mg DON/kg, or 3.0 mg DON/kg plus 0.05% modified HSCAS for 4 weeks. Compared to the control, the DON diets reduced serum porcine circovirus antibody titer and the dermal hypersensitivity response to OVA at day 21 or 28. DON also induced focal necrosis and proliferation of cortical lymphocytes and apoptosis and increased the total antioxidant capacity and reduced protein carbonyl concentrations in thymus. DON increased thymus mRNA and(or) protein levels, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) and apoptosis-related genes (Caspase-3). Interestingly, the modified HSCAS mitigated the DON-induced alterations on serum antibody titer, and thymic histopathology, apoptosis, redox status, inflammation and apoptosis signaling. In conclusion, these findings help to explain the toxic effects and mechanisms of DON and demonstrated the modified HSCAS binder could be used to detoxify the toxicity of DON in weaning piglets.

121 Effects of DON on the porcine growth performance and intestinal microbiota and potential remediation by a novel modified HSCAS adsorbent

Abstract The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance and intestinal microbiota in weaning piglets, and potential efficacy of a modified hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) binder to detoxify DON toxicity. Four groups of 21-day-old male piglets (n = 7/group) were fed either a control diet, or diet adding 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg DON, or 3.0 mg/kg DON plus 0.05% modified HSCAS for 28 d. Compared to the control, dietary DON at 1.0 and/or 3.0 mg/kg decreased (P < 0.05) the feed intake (18.1–38.7%) and body weight gain (16.0–60.8%) during the whole experiment, and increased (P < 0.05) the feed/gain ratio (12.8–33.8%) during d 1–14. Worse results were obtained at 3.0 mg/kg DON in comparison to 1.0 mg/kg for most of these variables. DON exposure reshaped gut microbial structure by drastically dysregulating the abundance of several bacterial phyla, families, and genera, such as dysbiosis of Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria in small intestine. Notably, dietary modified HSCAS binder supplementation mitigated the negative effects of DON on growth performance of piglets and improved the intestinal flora disorder. Therefore, this study has revealed that the modified HSCAS binder can mitigate DON-induced adverse effects and could be used as a promising countermeasure for detoxifying DON toxicity.

Synthesis of Modifiers in the System Cao-Sio<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O and their Influence on the Non-Autoclave Silicate Materials’ Properties Using Aluminosilicate Binder

Improving the hydration hardening building materials’ operational properties is possible due to the stable macro-, micro-and nanostructures’ creation by the cementing material crystalline aggregate directed modification, which can be achieved through the use of various additives acting as crystallization centers. In the course of the studies, the synthesized modifier effect nature represented by the system was revealed CaO-SiO2-H2O (CSH) on the properties of non-autoclave silicate materials using aluminosilicate binder of various compositions. It has been established that the use of an aluminosilicate binder together with the addition of a CSH modifier increases the presence of a crystalline phase at all stages of hardening, as well as intensifies the synthesis of low-basic calcium hydro silicates with a higher crystallization degree in the system CaO-SiO2(Al2O3)-H2O represented by lime and clay rocks. This contributes to the micro-reinforced crystalline framework formation of the neoplasms with increased strength. Due to this, the pore space decreases and the amount of synthesized crystalline substance increases, which helps to increase the water resistance of the samples in all compositions. The samples using an aluminosilicate binder and the addition of a CSH modifier achieve maximum strength with a CaO content of not more than 10 wt. % The optimal CSH modifier addition is up to 1.5 wt. %, with 7 wt. %, CaO content in a mixture increase in strength is up to 6%.