Alternative Terms Research Articles

Proposal of 'reactive-lymphocyte/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma' as an alternate term for 'nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma' that would also address its overlap with T-cell/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma.

Proposal of 'reactive-lymphocyte/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma' as an alternate term for 'nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma' that would also address its overlap with T-cell/histiocyte rich large B-cell lymphoma.

Emergence of Nonce-Formation as A Teleological Procedure

The goals of this research are: identifying the specific reasons of emergence this phenomenon, looking for the methods of creation nonce- formations and searching for examples of this topic to display them.Nonce- formation is the ability of the speaker or writer to invent a linguistic form to pass a particular situation. It is a contextual coinage. This procedure is not constituted randomly but to fill a lexical gap, complete the speech with the members of community and the speaker may forget a definite word or has no a linguistic term in his mind, so he/ she invents an alternative term of his own. The main purpose of this phenomenon is satisfying an actual communicative necessity.The speaker or writer uses quotation marks or comments in order to prohibit any uncertainty of using inappropriate expression. Most of morphologists do not consider nonce-formation a real phenomenon.Nonce-compound is a type of nonce-formation which is usually hyphenated. The lexical innovations may be related with two sides of word formations which are productivity and creativity. It is important to mention that the productive rules are the basic requirements of this phenomenon and it creative because it usually surpasses the morphological system.

3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activities of Mitochondrial Type 10 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Neurodegeneration Study.

Background:Mitochondrial 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) is necessary for brain cognitive function, but its studies were confounded by reports of Aβ-peptide binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), formerly endoplasmic reticulum-associated Aβ-peptide binding protein (ERAB), for two decades so long as ABAD serves as the alternative term of 17β-HSD10.Objective:To determine whether those ABAD reports are true or false, even if they were published in prestigious journals.Methods:6xHis-tagged 17β-HSD10 was prepared and characterized by well-established experimental procedures.Results:The N-terminal 6xHis tag did not significantly interfere with the dehydrogenase activities of 17β-HSD10, but the kinetic constants of its 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity are drastically distinct from those of ABAD, and it was not involved in ketone body metabolism as previously reported for ABAD. Furthermore, it was impossible to measure its generalized alcohol dehydrogenase activities underlying the concept of ABAD because the experimental procedures described in ABAD reports violated basic chemical and/or biochemical principles. More incredibly, both authors and journals had not yet agreed to make any corrigenda of ABAD reports.Conclusion:Brain 17β-HSD10 plays a key role in neurosteroid metabolism and further studies in this area may lead to potential treatments of neurodegeneration including AD.

Constrained unsupervised anomaly segmentation.

Current unsupervised anomaly localization approaches rely on generative models to learn the distribution of normal images, which is later used to identify potential anomalous regions derived from errors on the reconstructed images. To address the limitations of residual-based anomaly localization, very recent literature has focused on attention maps, by integrating supervision on them in the form of homogenization constraints. In this work, we propose a novel formulation that addresses the problem in a more principled manner, leveraging well-known knowledge in constrained optimization. In particular, the equality constraint on the attention maps in prior work is replaced by an inequality constraint, which allows more flexibility. In addition, to address the limitations of penalty-based functions we employ an extension of the popular log-barrier methods to handle the constraint. Last, we propose an alternative regularization term that maximizes the Shannon entropy of the attention maps, reducing the amount of hyperparameters of the proposed model. Comprehensive experiments on two publicly available datasets on brain lesion segmentation demonstrate that the proposed approach substantially outperforms relevant literature, establishing new state-of-the-art results for unsupervised lesion segmentation.

Invasive and native woody plant encroachment: Definitions and debates

In this short opinion piece, we discuss the appropriate use of the term ‘invasion’ for woody plant expansion and refer to the various ways in which the term is being used in the literature. We point out the present confusion and make suggestions for the use of a more appropriate term (i.e., ‘woody plant encroachment’). We continue with an overview of the various definitions of ‘woody plant encroachment in the literature, we mention associated alternative terms, and we explain the circumstances in which each of these are used. With this piece, we hope to provide more clarity on the use of correct terminology related to woody plant expansion research.

Linguistic Study: Exploring its Philosophical Underpinnings

Linguistic is an alternate term that is frequently used in the language term. Linguistics is part of philosophy. Philosophy is the main core of all knowledge that human beings learn. Philosophy and language are inseparable units. The term ‘language philosophy’ refers to the study of philosophy concerning language or linguistics. This study discovers the language and linguistic issues under the frame of language philosophy. The qualitative approach is employed by conducting critical literature reviews on various relevant literature. In critical literature reviews, the writer analyzed the linguistic literature from the perspective of language philosophy.

Exploring dating as an occupation for young heterosexual women in Ireland

Purpose Dating is a meaningful occupation for many single people. The occupation of dating has transformed considerably in Ireland due to recent changes in Irish culture and the advent of online dating technology. The purpose of this study was to explore the complexities and intricacies of dating in an Irish context. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative research approach was used and data were collected using semi-structured interviews with ten heterosexual women (age 24‐34) living in urban areas of Ireland. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006). Findings Dating did not fully resonate with their experience, but they did not have an alternative term. The form of dating was influenced by cultural, temporal, physical and virtual contexts. Beliefs about dating, fluctuating emotions and feelings of mortification because of the stigma of online dating created meaning for participants and influenced their use of strategies to improve resilience. While dating was not a preferred occupation for participants because of its arduous nature and fluctuations in emotion, it was seen as essential to fulfil the function of finding a romantic partner or partner in occupation. Connections between participant experiences and occupational science are discussed to address the lexicon of dating and the form, function and meaning of dating. Originality/value This study contributes to occupational science knowledge by revealing the occupational understandings of dating as an emerging and dynamic occupation in a rapidly changing culture of Ireland.

An Empirical Analysis of Alternative Gold Investment Strategies and Their Influence on India's Economic Growth

The contemporary international gold market is a kaleidoscope of change and expansion. The amount of gold purchased annually has nearly tripled since the early 1970s, and gold markets around the world have thrived. Gold has emotive, social, and monetary worth, and it is purchased for multiple and diverse reasons by individuals all over the world, typically affected by nationwide social and cultural fundamentals, home country market conditions, and macroeconomic causes. Different areas of the gold market develop at diverse periods all through the global financial cycle due to the multiple uses of gold – in technology, ornaments, by investors, and central banks as well. Gold's features as an asset for investment are bolstered by the diversity of gold demand in terms of the various alternatives within the gold investment. In India, gold is regarded as one of the most alluring, lucrative, and popular investment choices. Gold is an indispensable component of the socio-economic lives of both the affluent and the poor, and it is a chief source of savings for the low- and middle-income families in both rural and municipal areas. Not only does gold play a significant role in India's cultural zeitgeist, but it also plays a significant role in the economy. This profound relation with gold may be seen not just in terms of tradition, but also in terms of economics. In recent years, gold has become more significant than merely for socio-cultural reasons, and it has earned a position in global financial portfolios. Therefore, this paper discusses gold investment and the factors that influence gold investments in physical forms. Gold has a variety of economic effects, one of which is the influence of gold imports on the balance of payments' trade balance and current account. As a result, the main emphasis of this paper is on examining alternate ways of investing in gold and researching the motives for doing so. Lastly, the paper attempts to investigate the impact of alternative gold investment products (paper/digital gold) by discussing the 'Financialization of Gold', which involves investing in gold-backed financial products that are not held in physical form, resulting in the transformation of the gold market and ecosystem. This study puts forth an analysis of comparison gold alternatives (Gold ETF and Sovereign Gold Bonds) and physical gold by looking at the returns and pricing, requirement, and import quantities of physical gold Keywords: Gold investment, Gold Exchange Traded Fund (Gold ETF), gold mutual funds, Sovereign Gold Bond (SGB), digital/e-gold, bullion investment, Economic Growth.

Measuring College Campus Well-Being with Multidimensional Indices: Sustainability of Higher Education in Taiwan

Understanding students’ subjective perceptions of universities is one of the main issues that needs to be addressed in order to improve aspects such as student retention and achieve sustainable development. Considering subjective well-being as an alternative term for happiness and satisfaction in higher education for sustainability, this study is to develop a measure conceptually and operationally for college campus well-being (CWB) with multiple dimensions, including a psychological, physical, financial, and social dimension of well-being. Subjected to factorial validity and composite reliability, the CWB scale validated by 2793 undergraduate students in central Taiwan was administered. The research demonstrates the appropriate construct validity and suitable-fit indices of the CWB multidimensional scale when used for measuring university-oriented happiness and sustainability in this research context. Differential effects were found among the colleges and between genders. The implications and future research lines are discussed.

Міокардіальна дисфункція як складова поліорганної невідповідності при неонатальному сепсисі

The formation of myocardial dysfunction in neonatal sepsis remains a topical issue in current neonatal practice. Myocardial dysfunction with neonatal sepsis is found to promote a double increase of neonatal loss rate, and maintenance of an adequate cardiac output is very important predictor for survival of patients with neonatal sepsis. Purpose - to study clinico-paraclinical markers of myocardial dysfunction in case of an alternative term of neonatal sepsis debut for timely verification and rational correction of cardiovascular disorders. Materials and methods. Considering various terms of neonatal sepsis manifestation with its early and late variants, a comparative analysis of clinical-paraclinical markers of generalized infectious-inflammatory process was made in 26 neonates at the stage of obstetrical aid (retrospective analysis) and in the intensive care departments for neonates and their resuscitation (prospective follow-up). According to the results of the analysis of medical records of newborns, the diagnosis of early neonatal sepsis was established in 14 (53.8%) newborns who were included in the clinical group I of the study, and the diagnosis of late neonatal sepsis was established in 12 (46.2%) newborns who were included in the clinical group II. Results. After birth general condition of patients from the group I was assessed as of moderate severity - in 1 (7.1%) and severe - in 13 (92.9%) neonates; in the group II the 2 neonates (16.7%) were in the condition of moderate severity (р>0.05) and 10 (83.3%) neonates were in severe condition (р>0.05). Assessment of cardiovascular constituent in the neonatal groups of comparison according to the constellation scale nSOFA in the means values did not differ reliably, though it was indicative of a tendency to deeper disorders in case of late neonatal sepsis. Conclusions. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction is manifested by increase in the content of cardio-specific markers (creatine phosphokinase, МВ fraction, troponin I). An increased content of troponin I in the blood higher than that of the norm in case of late neonatal sepsis possesses a high inclination (83.3%) to the formation of myocardial dysfunction. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors. Keywords: neonates, neonatal sepsis, myocardial dysfunction.

Mutation Analysis of the SRY Gene in a Patient with Turner Syndrome

Testis-determining factor (TDF) is an alternative term for the sex-determining region (SRY) gene found on the Y chromosome. SRY gene mutations can cause a wide range of sex development issues. The single-exon SRY gene is a short and intronless sex-determining gene with a DNA-binding high mobility group (HMG) box that is highly conserved. We performed cytogenetic analysis on one patient with Turner syndrome having a 45,X/46,XY chromosomal composition. Further, we used polymerase chain reaction, single-stranded conformational polymorphism, and automated DNA sequencing to detect a substitution of C→A (missense mutation) at codon 139, which led to an amino acid shift from Proline to Glutamine (P139Q) outside but downstream of the HMG box in the SRY gene. No further alterations in the SRY gene were discovered in the patient. The absence of one X chromosome in 88% of the patient’s cells might have resulted in a wide variety of phenotypic complications.

Impartiality and Neutrality in Mediation

This paper explores the concepts of impartiality and neutrality in mediation. It draws on literature to define the terms and explores the impact they may have on the mediation process, the parties involved, and the challenge created for the mediator to implement these core principles in practice. It explores power imbalance in mediation and how the mediator risks their neutrality and impartiality by supporting a weaker party in the mediation process. It presents an alternative term from the literature, which describes the mediator as multi partial, as a possible alternative to address the lack of clarity currently experienced by mediators and bridge the gap between theory and practice.

Knitting: A restrictive narrative?

This article explores the narratives embedded in the public discourse that surrounds knitting in the United Kingdom today. Knitting, a process by which a fabric or 3D object is made, is a familiar concept to most. Using a single end of yarn, a four-way stretch fabric is created. Despite this versatility and the abundance of applications it brings, the general public’s understanding of knitting places it firmly in the domestic sphere. Through the analysis of discourse within articles featuring the term ‘knitting’ published in The Guardian in 2021, I analyse how and why particular representations of knitting still dominate and direct cultural attitudes towards the discipline. To provide further context, I will compare the language used in articles from the same source and timeframe featuring an alternative term: painting. This comparison provides a means through which narratives concerning both disciplines become more clearly visible. With applications spanning the medical, construction and automotive industries, knitting, a process that can be zero waste, is very well suited to tackling the environmental challenges we face today. This paper illustrates, however, that there remains a particular narrative that surrounds knitting in sections of the British media: one centred on the domestic, the female and increasingly, mental health. I suggest that this prevents knitting from being contextualized in more broadly innovative ways. This article aims to uncover the explicit and implicit ways in which language used in this identified section of the British media influences and shapes the public’s understanding of knitting.

Trans-Fat Labeling in Packaged Foods Sold in Brazil Before and After Changes in Regulatory Criteria for Trans-Fat-Free Claims on Food Labels.

Consumption of industrially produced trans-fat acids (TFA) is a public health concern. Therefore, it is important that information on TFA in packaged foods be clearly informed to consumers. This study aimed to assess the evolution of TFA information presented in packaged foods sold in Brazil in 2010 and 2013, before and after the introduction of stricter regulatory requirements for TFA-free claims on food labels. A repeated cross-sectional study was performed through food label censuses of all packaged foods available for sale in two stores from the same supermarket chain, totaling 2,327 foods products in 2010 and 3,176 in 2013. TFA-free claims and information indicating TFA in the ingredients list and nutrition facts label were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test. There was a 14% decrease in the use of ingredients containing or potentially containing industrially produced TFA (i-TFA), according to analysis of the ingredients list. However, when analyzing foods by groups, it was found that this decrease was significant only for group A (bakery goods, bread, cereals, and related products; from 59 to 35%, p < 0.001). By contrast, food group F (gravies, sauces, ready-made seasonings, broths, soups, and ready-to-eat dishes) showed a 5% increase in i-TFA. The use of specific terms for i-TFA decreased between 2010 and 2013, but there was an increase in the use of alternative terms, such as vegetable fat and margarine, which do not allow consumers to reliably identify whether a food product is a possible source of i-TFA. There was an 18% decrease in the use of TFA-free claims in products containing or potentially containing i-TFA. However, almost one-third of foods sold in 2013 were false negatives, that is, foods reported to contain 0 g of TFA in the nutrition facts label or with TFA-free claims but displaying specific or alternative terms for i-TFA in the ingredients list. The results indicate that adoption of stricter requirements for TFA-free claims on food labels in Brazil helped reduce the prevalence of such claims but was not sufficient to decrease i-TFA in industrialized foods sold in supermarkets.

Variations in Definitions of Evidence-Based Interventions for Behavioral Health in Eight Selected U.S. States.

U.S. state legislatures fill a vital role in supporting the use of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) through statutes and regulations (mandates). The study determined the terms used by selected states to describe EBIs and how those terms are defined in mandates. The mandates of eight purposely selected states were accessed and coded using the Westlaw Legal Research Database. Considerable variation was found in the terms used by states to describe EBIs. Although "evidence-based" was the most frequently utilized term (60% of mandates), an additional 29 alternative terms appeared with varying frequencies. Most terms were simply mentioned, with no further definition or elaboration. When terms were further defined or elaborated, the majority were defined using numerous and different types of external sources or references. Three approaches were found in the mandates defining EBIs: "single definition," "hierarchies of evidence levels," and "best available evidence"; the states differed considerably in the approaches used in their mandates. The variations in EBI-related terminology across states and within states, coupled with a lack of elaboration on the meaning of important terms and the predominant use of external rather than internal guidelines, may be a source of confusion for behavioral health provider agencies that seek direction about what constitutes an EBI. Prior studies indicate that many agencies may lack staff with the technical ability to adequately evaluate what constitutes an EBI. Thus, lack of clear guidance from official state government mandates may impede the implementation of EBIs within states.

The WS2/AlN heterostructure band alignment by semi-local functional and its optical properties by the Bethe-Salpeter approximation on top of GW calculations

In this study, the electronic properties and band alignment of the heterostructures of WS2/AlN at three different separation distances of d1 = 2.77, d2 = 4.34, and d3 = 6.37 Å, were investigated by GGA approximation. The calculation of energy changes in terms of volume alternations revealed that the heterostructure at d2 = 4.34 Å is the most energetically favored configuration. The WS2/AlN showed the band gap of 1.68, 1.52, and 1.69 eV by GGA at separation distances of d1, d2, and d3, respectively showing the band alignment of type II. Since the accuracy of the optical properties and detecting the excitonic states relies on the accuracy of the band structure, the quasi-particle calculation based on the G0W0 approximation was performed on the most energetically favored WS2/AlN. The G0W0 calculations revealed that the heterostructure of WS2/AlN at d2 having a bandgap of 3 eV. The Bethe-Salpeter equation on top of G0W0 calculations showed that the exciton state having the binding energy of 0.64 eV.

Complex Persistent Opioid Dependence-an Opioid-induced Chronic Pain Syndrome.

Long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) for chronic cancer and non-cancer pain is commonly ineffective in providing its stated goal of improving function through good control of pain. Opioid tapering (slow dose reduction and/or discontinuation), the logical solution, also appears to be ineffective among many patients on LTOT as it often leads to even worse pain control and function, leaving the patients and providers managing LTOT in a clinical conundrum with little treatment choices. Complex persistent opioid dependence (CPOD) was recently offered as a heuristic to explain this clinical conundrum exemplified by the ineffectiveness of both LTOT and opioid tapering. This manuscript provides a detailed description of the neurobehavioral underpinnings of CPOD, explaining how long-term opioid use can lead to more pain even while experiencing relief with each opioid dose. CPOD is characterized by the allostatic opponent mechanisms of neuroadaptations related to the progression of opioid dependence and tolerance involving nociceptive/anti-nociceptive brain systems causing opioid-induced hyperalgesia and reward/anti-reward systems causing hyperkatefia or suffering that induces pain experience through the cognitive/emotional component of pain mechanisms. "Opioid Induced Chronic Pain syndrome" (OICP) is offered as an alternate clinical diagnostic term instead of CPOD that has several limitations as a diagnosis term including poor patient acceptance due to stigma towards addiction and clinical confounding with opioid use disorder, a related but separate clinical entity. OICP with LTOT is conceptualized as a recoverable iatrogenic problem that can be managed by pain providers. Broad guidance on management of OICP is also provided.

Classification of colorectal carcinoma subtypes based on ferroptosis-associated molecular markers

BackgroundFerroptosis is associated with the development of many cancers; the molecular features of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) based on ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) remain unknown. Herein, we aimed to identify ferroptosis-associated molecular subtypes of CRC based on the expression profiles of FRGs.MethodsTo explore ferroptosis-associated subtypes of CRC, the gene expression data and clinical information of 682 patients were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. We performed consensus clustering to identify robust clusters of patients. Then the distribution of the subtypes in terms of prognosis significance, transcriptome features, immune microenvironment, drug sensitivity, gene mutations, and copy number alternations (CNAs) were evaluated respectively. In addition, we analyzed the correlation of these ferroptosis-associated molecular subtypes with the distribution of conventional clinical indicators in CRC.ResultsFour subtypes of CRC (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were identified in which the prognosis, immune cell infiltration, immune score, stromal score, and tumor purity were significantly different between the four subtypes. The C3 subtype had a higher infiltration of B cells, M2 macrophages, resting mast cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, plasma cells, and CD8 T cells. The C3 subtype had the highest immune and stromal scores and the lowest tumor purity. In contrast, the C4 subtype demonstrated the lowest immune and stromal scores and the highest tumor purity. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint protein, was differentially expressed in the four subtypes (P < 2e–16) and was significantly correlated with the expression of several FRGs in all subtypes. Significant differences in stem cell indices (P < 0.01) and drug sensitivity (P < 0.01) were observed in the four subtypes. Additionally, gene mutations analysis showed that FRGs such as TP53 had a high frequency of mutation in the four subtypes (49%, 62%, 61%, and 71%, respectively), and the CNAs showed significant difference among all subtypes (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn summary, the ferroptosis-associated subtypes could serve as an independent biomarker for estimating oncological outcomes in patients with CRC. Our results demonstrated that the high level of heterogeneity in the expression of FRGs might be useful for the stratification of patients with CRC and the implementation of individualized therapeutic strategies.

Functional neurological disorder: Extending the diagnosis to other disorders, and proposing an alternate disease term-Attentionally-modifiable disorder.

The term "functional neurological disorder," or "FND," applies to disorders whose occurrence of neurological symptoms fluctuate with the patient's attention to them. However, many other disorders that are not called "FND" nonetheless can also follow this pattern. Consequently, guidelines are unclear for diagnosing "FND." To review the neurological conditions that follow this pattern, but which have not so far been termed "FND," to understand their overlap with conditions that have been termed "FND," and to discuss the rationale for why FND has not been diagnosed for them. A systematic review of the PubMed literature registry using the terms "fluctuation," "inconsistency," or "attention" did not yield much in the way of these candidate disorders. Consequently, this review instead relied on the author's personal library of peer-reviewed studies of disorders that have resembled FND but which were not termed this way, due to his longstanding interest in this problem. Consequently, this approach was not systematic and was subjective regarding disease inclusion. This review identified numerous, diverse conditions that generally involve fluctuating neurological symptoms that can vary with the person's attention to them, but which have not been called "FND." The literature was unclear for reasons for not referring to "FND" in these instances. Most likely because of historical biases, the use of the term "FND" has been unnecessarily restricted. Because at its core FND is an attentionally-influenced disorder that can respond well to behavioral treatments, the field of neurological rehabilitation could benefit by extending the range of conditions that could be considered as "FND" and referred for similar behavioral treatments. Because the term "FND" has been viewed unfavorably by some patients and clinical practitioners and whose treatment is not implied, the alternative term attentionally-modifiable disorder is proposed.

Adaptive Rank-Based Selection of Geological Realizations for Optimum Field Development Planning

SummaryUncertainties are present in many decision-making processes. In field development planning, these uncertainties, typically represented by a set of geological realizations, need to be propagated in response to any proposed alternative (solution). Incorporation of the full set of realizations results in the oil and gas field development optimization problem—where either an algorithm iteratively tries to find the best solution from all the possible alternatives or the best solution must be selected from a set of predefined engineering judgment-driven development scenarios (i.e., set of either well control or well placement settings)—becoming computationally demanding. As such, realization subset selection techniques are required to reduce the computational overhead. We first introduce a reformulation of the subset selection problem to one that aims at ensuring consistent ranking of alternatives between those obtained by the full set and the selected subset. We argue that this should be the ultimate goal of any subset selection technique in such problems. In addition, we also propose a technique which selects a subset that minimizes the difference between the rankings obtained by the full set and subset, for a small batch of alternatives. The key idea, which we investigate thoroughly, is that there is a positive association between the goodness (in terms of ranking alternatives) of the subset selected using a small batch of alternatives and its fidelity in ranking other alternatives. Unlike previous methods, this technique does not depend on selecting subjective (static) properties to perform the subset selection nor does it rely only on flow-response vectors of a base-case scenario. In this work, the proposed technique is assessed using well placement and well control development alternatives to determine the applicability within field development planning. Additionally, the proposed subset selection technique is implemented in an adaptive scheme to solve a well placement optimization problem. The results are promising as the proposed technique consistently selects subsets that are able to rank development alternatives in a similar manner to the full set regardless of the type of development strategy (well control settings or well placement). Furthermore, the implementation of the proposed technique in an adaptive scheme is able to reduce the computational costs, on average, by a factor close to 9 without compromising the solution found for well placement optimization.