Alternative System Research Articles

Restorative Justice in Education: A Content Analysis of US State Legislation From 2010 to 2020

This study sought to understand how state-level policies inform and promote the implementation of restorative justice in education (RJE). A content analysis of 60 laws revealed that definitions, structures, and supports varied greatly, causing us to question whether policies support a systematic implementation of RJE and how policies can prevent the misuse of RJE as an alternative system of punishment. We recommend that laws clearly define the paradigm shift underlying RJE, and provide sustained support to promote a realignment of policies and practices with attention to incorporating measures of accountability to larger values surrounding equity and justice.

Dynamicity and nonlinearity in the association between different facets of financial development and macroeconomic volatility: evidence from the World Economy

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to explore dynamicity and nonlinearity in the association between financial development and macroeconomic volatility, considering different aspects of financial development. The data to this end comprises a panel of 98 countries from 1991 to 2016. This paper uses an objective trichotomous development taxonomy to classify the countries according to their overall financial development and income. Dynamic panel regressions ensure that the role of overall financial development in smoothing macroeconomic volatility dwindles as the level of overall financial development increases. Overall financial development begins to amplify volatility after a certain point. Other aspects of financial development also affect volatility in a similar fashion. Nonlinear estimation results show that most of the measures of financial development are associated with macroeconomic volatility in a U-shaped manner. On the contrary, we find an inverted U-shaped association between financial institution efficiency and macroeconomic volatility. The findings are found to be robust to an alternative country classification system based on income and an alternative measure of volatility. To minimise macroeconomic volatility, policymakers should try to increase financial institution efficiency beyond its threshold point and keep all other aspects of financial development at their optimal level.

Needle phobia among adult Jordanians: General awareness, prevalence; and exploring microneedles as a promising solution.

Needle phobia remains a major drawback of conventional injectable medications, leading to avoidance and low adherence among a reasonable portion of patients. Despite this, there is a limited number of studies investigating needle phobia prevalence and symptoms. In this survey, we studied the knowledge and prevalence of needle phobia and its manifestations among 1182 adult Jordanians. Moreover, we assessed the feasibility of microneedles delivery systems as an alternative approach to conventional injectable methods. The results revealed that 28.5% of the participants identified themselves with needle phobia, with a notably higher prevalence among females compared to males (p-value < 0.001). The overall prevalence of needle phobia based on its measured manifestations was found to be 27.4%. The survey also found that 68% of the population were unfamiliar with the concept of microneedles despite the reasonable proportion of the population who were aware of the disadvantages of conventional injectable medications. Furthermore, the survey identified four significant predictors of needle phobia through hierarchical linear regression analysis. Gender, occupation, and negative past experiences with needle injections accounted for 3%, 1%, and 1% of the variance in needle phobia, respectively. In addition, the participants' preference for microneedles over conventional injectables medications appeared as another significant predictor, contributing 5% of the variance. Overall, the model explained 10% of the variance in needle phobia. Collectively, this study provides an insight into needle phobia prevalence and manifestations in Jordan, while also exploring microneedles as an alternative drug delivery system for patients with needle phobia.

Study on the High Strength Cable Truss System Control of the Surrounding Coal Roadway Excavated in Regions Left Intensively Mining-Induced Stresses

In coal mine roadway support, the arrangement of roadways in areas with high-stress concentrations is a challenging issue. It is crucial to solve this problem in order to ensure the safety and productivity of the mine. In this study, we selected a typical roadway in Zhong Xing Coal Mine, Fen Xi, Shanxi Province, as our research focus. We analyzed the deformation and failure characteristics of the surrounding rock under field mining pressure during roadway excavation through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and on-site measurements. Using the Flac3D numerical simulation technique, we studied the stress distribution characteristics of the roadway in the stress concentration area. To address the significant deformation of the roadway, we proposed a high-pretensioned top beam high-strength dual-anchor truss support system (HSCTS) and carefully studied its control mechanism and structural characteristics. After simulating and comparing its support effectiveness with the original support scheme and conducting on-site industrial tests, we determined the HSCTS support system as the alternative support system for roadway 1409. The test results showed that the convergence of the rib plates and the roof was no more than 79 mm and 191 mm, respectively. The significant influence of the roadway on the control of the surrounding rock also indicated effective control of the surrounding rock’s deformation along the 1409 goaf. The support control technology system can provide specific reference values for roadways under similar geological production conditions.

Multi-Objective Decision-Making for an Island Microgrid in the Gulf of Maine

Microgrid implementation often lacks economic and environmental efficiencies due to sub-optimal configuration and operation. The current study aims to explore the optimal configuration and operational strategies for a microgrid system with maximum life cycle economic and environmental co-benefits. This study was inspired by a real microgrid optimization need for Shoals Marine Laboratory, a seasonal marine teaching and research field station on Appledore Island, Maine. A system dynamic model was developed to simulate the microgrid operation, and a multi-criteria analysis was performed based on diesel electricity generation, equivalent annual costs, and carbon footprint under various system sizing and operation scenarios. This study found that an effective battery capacity of 120–165 kWh (400–550 kWh actual with 30% depth of discharge) and a solar capacity of 85–105 kW can effectively minimize all three objectives under an average daily demand of 265 kWh during the study period. Additionally, implementing an alternative system operation strategy can lead to a 12% reduction in diesel electricity generation.

Investigation of alternative fuelled marine diesel engines and waste heat recovery system utilization on the oil tanker for upcoming regulations and carbon tax

Energy efficiency saving and harmful emission reduction applications on marine vessels are quite valuable to achieving sustainable development goals highlighted by the IMO. In line with this goal, alternative fuels, and the WHRS have been utilized on the oil tanker in eight different scenarios since the attained EEXI and CII values of the oil tanker equipped with conventional systems don't meet the current regulations. The best performance has been obtained from scenario VII having a methanol-fuelled main engine and LNG-fuelled auxiliary engines with WHRS using the ORC. The attained EEXI of 3.543 and CII of 3.858 values have met current requirements and have kept the CII rating of the oil tanker at levels B to C. Scenario VII has also ensured roundly 31% cost advantage under the highest futuristic assumption of the carbon tax, this rate corresponds to $21M for approximately 5.5 years. As a result, all scenarios have provided superiority over the existing system in terms of meeting regulations, fuel consumption, carbon emission, and carbon tax. On the other hand, the utilization of carbon-neutral fuels in the main and auxiliary engines with the WHRS needs to be considered to comply with upcoming regulations and to achieve net-zero emission targets.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir processed Zn-Mg biodegradable alloys

Magnesium, iron and zinc-based alloys are potential metallic biodegradable alloys for bioimplant applications. The issues of hydrogen evolution along magnesium’s surface and the release of bulky corroded products of iron alloys during its usage necessitated to look for an alternate alloy system for biodegradable implant applications. Zn-Mg alloy is one such alternate alloy that is widely explored by several researchers. The typical cast microstructure of Zn-Mg alloy contains pro-eutectic α-Zn and eutectic mixture of α-Zn and Mg2Zn11. The cast alloy exhibits poor ductility as the intermetallic Mg2Zn11 phase exists only in eutectic mixture. Therefore, the cast alloys were subsequently processed through hot rolling, hot extrusion and rarely through severe plastic deformation to enhance the mechanical properties. In the current study, probably for the first time, friction stir processing (FSP) has been used to refine the microstructure of Zn-Mg alloys with an intention to enhance the mechanical properties. Indeed, it was a challenge to friction stir process the Zn alloys through friction stir processing, as they have poor ductility (< 10 %) in as-cast condition. By choosing tool rotational speed that can impart significant heat input to the processed regime, this study demonstrated successful FSP of Zn and Zn-(0.5, 1.0 & 2.0) wt% Mg alloys. The pure-Zn and Zn-Mg alloys are FSPed using constant tool traverse speed of 20 mm/ min and variable rotational speeds of 560, 710 and 900 rpm. Hardness of as-cast Zn was 32 VHN whereas addition of 2 % Mg increased it to 105 VHN. Hardness of zinc increased to 39 VHN after FSP using 560 rpm; at the same time, further increase of rotational speed retained the hardness around 40 VHN. On the other hand, hardness of Zn-Mg alloys significantly improved after FSP. Interestingly, hardness of alloys increased with the rotational speed. Usually, increase of rotational speed increases heat input in to the processed regime thus assists the development of coarse microstructure results in hardness degradation. An opposite trend has been observed in the current study. The reasons for this notable observation are found to be refinement of microstructure and redistribution of Mg2Zn11 phase throughout α-Zn matrix that happened during FSP.

Building Information Modeling Applications in Energy-Efficient Refurbishment of Existing Building Stock: A Case Study

The built environment contributes to 35% of the global energy consumption and 38% of energy-related carbon emissions. The exponential population growth, coupled with the inability of the existing building stock to meet demands or reach the end of its lifespan, has precipitated the proliferation of new constructions worldwide. However, it has been proven well that retrofitting existing buildings might impact the environment less, save resources, and reduce the carbon footprint while extending their lifecycle. Various techniques are available to assess the performance of existing buildings and quantify the energy-saving potential of renovation measures. Building information modeling (BIM) technology serves as a virtual laboratory for buildings and can be used to model building stocks and measure how building performance changes with alternative envelope and system proposals. This research study explores the potential of BIM-based energy modeling to evaluate the effectiveness of refurbishment scenarios on a residential building. A total of 192 alternative scenarios were developed by considering six variables (wall, roofing, insulation, glazing, lighting power density, and photovoltaic panels). The results were analyzed across annual energy consumption (fuel and electric), annual/lifecycle energy costs, energy use intensity, annual CO2 emissions, and initial investment costs. The optimum alternative scenario decreased the annual fuel and electricity consumption of the sample building by 61% and 64%, respectively. The payback period was calculated as 12 years. This study demonstrates the impact of BIM in enhancing the energy efficiency of the existing building stock, presenting results within the context of a residential building.

Formulation of Silymarin-β Cyclodextrin-TPGS Inclusion Complex: Physicochemical Characterization, Molecular Docking, and Cell Viability Assessment against Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Silymarin (SIL) is a poorly water-soluble flavonoid reported for different pharmacological properties. Its therapeutic applications are limited due to poor water solubility. In this study, the solubility of silymarin has been enhanced by preparing freeze-dried binary and ternary complexes using beta cyclodextrin (βCD) and d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS). The stoichiometry of the drug and the carrier was selected from the phase solubility study. The dissolution study was performed to assess the effect of complexation on the release pattern of SIL. The formation of inclusion complexes was confirmed by different physicochemical studies. Finally, a cell viability assay (MCF 7; breast cancer cell line) was performed to compare the activity with free SIL. The phase solubilization results revealed the formation of a stable complex (binary) with a stability constant and complexation efficiency (CE) value of 288 mol L-1 and 0.045%. The ternary sample depicted a significantly enhanced stability constant and CE value (890 mol L-1 and 0.14%). The release study results showed a marked increase in the release pattern after addition of βCD (alone) in the binary mixture (49.4 ± 3.1%) as well as inclusion complex (66.2 ± 3.2%) compared to free SIL (32.7 ± 1.85%). Furthermore, with the addition of TPGS in SIL-βCD (ternary), the SIL release was found to be significantly enhanced from the SIL ternary mixture (79.2 ± 2.13%) in 120 min. However, fast SIL release was achieved with 99.2 ± 1.7% in 45 min for the SIL ternary complex. IR and NMR spectral analysis results revealed the formation of a stable complex with no drug-polymer interaction. The formation of complexes was also confirmed by the molecular docking study (docking scores of 4.1 and -6.4 kcal/mol). The in vitro cell viability result showed a concentration-dependent activity. The IC50 value of the SIL ternary complex was found to be significantly lower than that of free SIL. The findings of the study concluded that the prepared SIL inclusion complex can be used as an alternative oral delivery system to enhance solubility, dissolution, and biological activity against the tested cancer cell line.

Role of Hundi in Border Trade Payment of Northern Thailand- Myanmar Before and After 2021 Military Coup

Myanmar considers border trade more important than international trade. Due to the economic sanctions imposed by the West since the military government took power in 1996 up until the latest one in 2021, Thailand -Myanmar border trade has been characterized by more informal trade than previously. Border trade has developed despite being subjected to long-standing international trade barriers. This study aims to convey an understanding of how the informal border payment, “Hundi”, works as the border-trade -payment between Myanmar and Northern Thailand. Even though hundi is an informal transfer system it is widely used as an alternative banking system. Especially, hundi is used in the financing of legitimate businesses, to prevent exacerbating the problems of access to credit of different states. This study draws on available literature and open-source reporting, as well as extensive field research by interviewing trusted sources for more than 30 informants (i.e., border-trader, money changer, money transfer operators, business leaders, hundi operators, immigrant labors, government officials, commercial banking staffs) in the northern part of Thailand with the border city in Shan state, Myanmar during 2017-2022. This study found that hundi plays a significant role as both a substitute and complement to cross-border trade and payment across the border of Myanmar-Thailand. After the recent political instability, and expansion from a formal banking sector to a mobile money services, in the short term, we are unlikely to see an elimination of the hundi system completely.

Application of GIS and fuzzy sets to small-scale site suitability assessment for extensive brackish water aquaculture

ABSTRACT The rapid expansion of extensive brackish water aquaculture (BA) in Indonesia has created an urgent need to develop effective and reliable methods to evaluate and select sites suitable for aquaculture development. The lack of supporting spatial data at appropriate scales has limited the application of GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation methods (MCEs) in Indonesia. This study presents alternative fuzzy-based Geographic Information System (GIS) methods to evaluate and select sites suitable for extensive brackish water aquaculture. This study successfully produced fuzzy set maps from a water availability sub-model, a land conversion sub-model and a green belt buffer zone sub-model. With grades of membership, the fuzzy set maps provide smooth class boundary representation, which creates more options for decision-making than a map classified with crisp logic. Combining these sub-models produced an overall site suitability map at the scale of 1:50,000 for the study region. This final suitability map effectively excluded more than 95% of the unsuitable area for BA. This broad-scale site suitability assessment approach is a helpful planning tool to promote Indonesia’s sustainable development of extensive brackish water aquaculture. It identifies possible conflicts in land uses and considers conservation issues early in the planning process. The output can be used to scope research areas for more detailed investigations in countries where BA is a vital livelihood.

INFORMATION SYSTEM OF COMMUNITY SERVICES IN THE LAND OFFICE OF CENTRAL LAMPUNG REGENCY

Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Lampung Tengah City (BPN) is a government organization specializing in land certificates services for general public. With The system currently operated is not working optimally. That can be seen from the delay in processing data. This is because BPN Kabupaten Lampung Tengah doesn’t use database in its system. Besides,without the use of database can causing Double land certificate problem thats been happening in the past. Therefore, it needs a solution in its system that can overcome the problem, facilitate BPN Kabupaten Lampung Tengah in accomplishing its duties by using application program that can accelerate certificate processing services. The writer uses Science based research method on available theory and the research design in study type, whereas data collection methods were interview, observation, and literature study related to the investigated problem. The system development model used was waterfall and by structural approach method with aids such as flowmap, DFD, etc. The writer tried to propose a solution where improvement was conducted on database that facilitates BPN Kabupaten Lampung Tengah conducting land certificates processing services. This approach was in conformity with necessity in building or designing an alternative land certificate information system Using Web and localhost server for application program. The finding of this research was alternative Land Certificate proccessing system that could overcome the mentioned problem by using database so that data searching process becomes easier and quicker. The data base system could also minimize user errors, and report preparation becomes more efficient and can be accessed at any time. The weakness of this research was that not online, whereas its advantage was the achievement of all stated goals and limitations.

How Institutional Investors’ Alternative Funding and Investment Opportunity Impact Education System? The Case of Saudi Arabia

How Institutional Investors’ Alternative Funding and Investment Opportunity Impact Education System? The Case of Saudi Arabia

Vaping-induced acute epiglottitis: a case report

BackgroundE-cigarette use, or vaping, is an alternative nicotine delivery system that is becoming increasingly prevalent in adolescents and young adults. There is currently a lack of comprehensive research on the adverse effects of vaping on the upper airway.Acute epiglottitis is a potentially life-threatening condition that can lead to airway obstruction. It is commonly caused by bacterial infections such as streptococci, staphylococcus, and Moraxella. Adult patients with acute epiglottitis mainly present with odynophagia, dysphagia, and respiratory difficulties. The diagnosis of epiglottitis is made by direct laryngoscopy, and the mainstay of treatment is antibiotics.Bozella et al. (2020) reported a case of subacute non-infectious epiglottitis associated with e-cigarette use in a pediatric patient (Pediatrics 145(3), 2020). Here we present a case of acute epiglottitis in a healthy young adult after vaping, with a negative infectious workup. To our knowledge, there has been no such reported case of epiglottitis associated with e-cigarette use in an adult patient.Case descriptionA previously healthy 29-year-old male with daily e-cigarette use presented to the emergency department with a severe sore throat, dysphagia, mild hoarseness, and shortness of breath, especially when lying supine. A lateral neck soft tissue radiograph revealed a thickened epiglottis with a thumb sign. Direct bedside laryngoscopy showed a swollen epiglottis, partially obstructing the supraglottic region confirming the diagnosis of acute epiglottitis. Throat and nasal swabs were negative for streptococcus and COVID-19 infection, respectively. The patient’s condition improved significantly after receiving intravenous Dexamethasone and antibiotics for 2 days. Repeat laryngoscopy showed the resolution of epiglottis swelling, and subjective symptoms had resolved entirely 2 weeks following the start of the treatment.ConclusionsAlthough bacterial infections usually cause acute epiglottitis, this case presents the second report of this condition associated with vaping with negative microbiological investigations. Therefore, we recommend that physicians consider non-infectious causes such as vaping in their differential diagnosis for patients with acute and subacute epiglottitis. More research is warranted on the utility of antibiotics in treating vaping-induced epiglottitis.

SELECTION OF THE BEST B-SPLINE REGRESSION MODEL FOR ESTIMATING BITCOIN PRICE INCREASES BASED ON ORDER AND OPTIMAL KNOT POINT

The cryptographic virtual currency, bitcoin, is considered the main originator of cryptocurrencies that emerged due United States financial crisis in 2008. The idea was sparked by Nakamoto by introducing an alternative currency system that really refers to the strength of supply and demand. Based on INDODAX data, the bitcoin exchange rate during October 2020 to February 2021 is a condition of a large increase in a short time with a percentage increase of 450%. The increase in bitcoin prices can be modelled using the b-spline nonparametric regression method based on order and optimal knot points based on the smallest Generalized Cross Validation value. The resulting b-spline 4 degree and the number of knots points 5 as the best model with each bases described recursively.

Purine DNA Constructs Designed to Expand the Genetic Code: Functionalization, Impact of Ionic Forms, and Molecular Recognition of 7-Deazaxanthine-7-Deazapurine-2,6-diamine Base Pairs and Their Purine Counterparts.

Purine DNA represents an alternative pairing system formed by two purines in the base pair with the recognition elements of Watson-Crick DNA. Base functionalization of 7-deaza-2'-deoxyxanthosine with ethynyl and octadiynyl residues led to clickable side chain derivatives with short and long linker arms. As complementary bases, purine-2,6-diamine or 7-deazapurine-2,6-diamine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides were used. 7-Deaza-7-iodo-2'-deoxyxanthosine served as a starting material for Sonogashira cross-coupling and the p-nitrophenylethyl group for base protection. Phosphoramidite building blocks for DNA synthesis were prepared. Oligonucleotides containing single modifications or runs of three purine base pairs embedded in 12-mer Watson-Crick DNA were synthesized and hybridized with complementary strands with purine- or 7-deazapurine-2,6-diamine located opposite to the xanthine derivatives. The stability of base pairs was evaluated in a comparative study on the basis of DNA melting experiments and Tm values. As 7-deazaxanthine and xanthine nucleosides form anionic forms at neutral pH, duplex stability became pK-dependent, and the system with 7-deazapurine displayed a significant higher stability as that containing xanthine. Alkynyl side chains are well accommodated in the purine-purine helix. Click adducts with pyrene showed that short linker arms destabilize duplexes, whereas long linkers increase duplex stability. CD and fluorescence measurements provide further insights into purine-purine base pairing.

Societal benefits and environmental performance of Chinese aquaculture

Aquaculture has emerged as an alternative food production system, but it comes with both benefits and costs that need to be balanced. To evaluate the sustainable status of Chinese aquaculture, we quantify the benefits and costs of aquaculture in each province in China. We obtained the data on aquaculture production from the China Fisheries Statistical Yearbooks (2021) and used nine indicators to represent aquaculture benefits (nutrient, economy, and employment) and aquaculture costs (freshwater, energy, and land use, greenhouse gas, nitrogen, and phosphorus emissions). We found that the nine indicators varied among the 30 provinces in this study. The Southwest and South regions showed the highest benefits (SBS = 30.65) and costs (EPS = 38.55) at the regional level in composite aquaculture (freshwater and mariculture) respectively. At the provincial level, Tibet and Hainan had the largest score for aquaculture benefits (SBS = 82.90) and costs (EPS = 61.37) in composite aquaculture, respectively. Tibet province performed the best in freshwater and composite aquaculture (6.09 and 4.86 respectively), while Jiangsu province performed the best in mariculture according to benefits-to-costs ratio (2.71). More sustainable species production and use cleaner energy (such as hydro energy and nuclear energy etc) and reduce the feed conversion ratio are the direction of more sustainable aquaculture. This study provides the first analysis of Chinese aquaculture sustainability by benefits and costs, and more accurate data and more indicators through weighting could be included in this framework to achieve greater aquaculture assessment in the future.

Thermal-induced-stable high internal phase emulsion for lycopene encapsulation and delivery: Pre-heat treatment mediated facilitation on the isomerization, stabilization, and release of lycopene

Lycopene possesses many beneficial physiological effects, especially the Z-isomer, but the hydrophobic property, poor stability, lower percentage of Z-isomer and bioaccessibility highly limited its practical applications. Herein, the purpose of this study is to provide an alternative delivery system for lycopene isomerization and delivery by using thermal-induced-stable high internal phase emulsion (TIS-HIPE). The results shows that encapsulation of lycopene in TIS-HIPE significantly improved its storage stability, and pre-heat treatment on the lycopene-loaded TIS-HIPE can enhance the protective effect of lycopene against temperature and UV exposures. After storage at 40 °C for 14 days, the retention rate of lycopene increased from 40% to 86%. More importantly, pre-heat treatment promoted the conformational conversion of lycopene into more absorbable Z-isomers. Meanwhile, the protective effect of TIS-HIPE effectively inhibited the degradation of converted Z-isomers during storage. Besides, the pre-heated TIS-HIPE is more stable in the gastrointestinal tract and is more prone to form micelle phase. Moreover, as compared to lycopene in oil, the bioaccessibility in TIS-HIPE increased almost 2 times, and pre-heat treatment can further improve its bioaccessibility. Therefore, the TIS-HIPE could serve as excellent vehicles for lycopene delivery, and pre-heat treatment can facilitate the stability improvement, Z-isomerization, release and absorption of lycopene.

Notions of Non-Mainstream Educational Provision: Understanding the Indonesia Equivalency Programs Among Established Alternative Education Throughout the World

This article presents the overview of literature regarding the notions of non-mainstream education provision. The main purpose is to provide an overview of how the Indonesia Equivalency Program as an alternative education links to similar systems of education provision around the world. The literature shows variations in the terminology of non-mainstream education for out-of-school youth used interchangeably among countries. The notions of non-formal education, alternative education and second change education are often used and relevant in order to established well-defined axes along which to situate thinking about Indonesia Equivalency Programs. Through alternative education that offers democratic educational experience, the Indonesia Equivalency Programs is an alternative education system, based on the belief that people can make their own choice regarding mainstream or alternative schooling. The Equivalency Programs fits with the notion as a second chance education to caters students who failed in their first attempt. The aims of participating can be varying, from seeking remedial support to help in getting employment, or pursuing lifelong learning.

Effect of Inorganic Fertilizers and Organic Manures on Physical Properties of Soil: A Review

Deterioration of physical properties of soil and there after depletion the soil fertility are the main constrains in food and environment security of any country. This review paper summarizes the current knowledge and information on the effect of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures on soil physical properties. The use of inorganic fertilizer or organic fertilizer alone has both positive and negative effects on soil properties, plant growth and nutrient availability. Most of earlier investigators confirmed that combined application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures improved the physical properties and available nutrient status in soils. Organic manures improve physical properties of soil but they are comparatively low in nutrient content, addition of larger quantity of manures is required for successful plant growth. However, inorganic fertilizers is contain all the essential nutrients which are early accessible for plants. Due to continuous use of inorganic fertilizers alone causes soil organic matter degradation, soil acidity or alkalization, soil deterioration and environmental pollution, so integrated or mixed inorganic and organic nutrient management system is an alternative system for the sustainable and cost effective management of soil and the result is improve in soil properties and raising soil fertility without affecting environment. The objective of the review is to assess the effect of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure on physical properties of soil. The study revealed that appropriate application of inorganic fertilizers with organic manures improves soil physical properties and increases the productivity without negative effect on soil health than the values obtained by organic or inorganic fertilizers separately.