Alternative Sources Of Information Research Articles

An innovation systems approach to understanding forage adoption intensity in the dairy systems of Kenya and Ethiopia

The adoption of cultivated forages in smallholder dairy systems offers a cost-effective way to increase the productivity of livestock. The Kenyan and Ethiopian governments have both stated an ambition to increase the use of forages in their dairy sectors; however, policies have failed to produce widespread results. Existing research tends to focus on local barriers to forage adoption and not the wider innovation environment. To fill this literature gap, this study uses a Tobit model to analyse village-level data from Kenya and Ethiopia in 2015. A potentially important relationship between milk buyers and forage intensity in Ethiopia, which has not previously been addressed in the literature, is identified. As the Ethiopian government dominates the forage sector, the results of this study indicate that private milk buyers may offer an alternative source of information. In the Kenyan context, this paper finds that informal institutions and farmer-to-farmer information transmission are important in adoption decisions and should be considered when designing extension strategies.

Information Inequality: How Race and Financial Access Reflect the Information Needs of Lower-Income Individuals

The media landscape is more expansive than ever and offers increasingly fast and cheap ways to consume information. However, many racially and economically marginalized communities live in information environments that fail to provide in-depth coverage of critical topics, such as day-to-day finance. I offer an overview of financial access and news deficits to argue that financial institutions and news providers have historically underserved racially and economically marginalized communities, contributing to information gaps in financial news and the need for alternate sources of information. I investigate how the placement of brick-and-mortar fringe economy financial providers, such as payday lenders, affects how people learn about and make sense of their financial options. I show that these sorts of concrete neighborhood characteristics influence how people participate in today’s economy and share information. Because economic participation is an essential element of citizenship, I propose that these kinds of disparities in neighborhood characteristics and financial access should influence the ways in which we conceive of and deliver information to marginalized groups.

Disruptions in the Cystic Fibrosis Community's Experiences and Concerns During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Topic Modeling and Time Series Analysis of Reddit Comments.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the needs and concerns of the cystic fibrosis community. Patients with cystic fibrosis were particularly vulnerable during the pandemic due to overlapping symptoms in addition to the challenges patients with rare diseases face, such as the need for constant medical aid and limited information regarding their disease or treatments. Even before the pandemic, patients vocalized these concerns on social media platforms like Reddit and formed communities and networks to share insight and information. This data can be used as a quick and efficient source of information about the experiences and concerns of patients with cystic fibrosis in contrast to traditional survey- or clinical-based methods. This study applies topic modeling and time series analysis to identify the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the cystic fibrosis community's experiences and concerns. This study illustrates the utility of social media data in gaining insight into the experiences and concerns of patients with rare diseases. We collected comments from the subreddit r/CysticFibrosis to represent the experiences and concerns of the cystic fibrosis community. The comments were preprocessed before being used to train the BERTopic model to assign each comment to a topic. The number of comments and active users for each data set was aggregated monthly per topic and then fitted with an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to study the trends in activity. To verify the disruption in trends during the COVID-19 pandemic, we assigned a dummy variable in the model where a value of "1" was assigned to months in 2020 and "0" otherwise and tested for its statistical significance. A total of 120,738 comments from 5827 users were collected from March 24, 2011, until August 31, 2022. We found 22 topics representing the cystic fibrosis community's experiences and concerns. Our time series analysis showed that for 9 topics, the COVID-19 pandemic was a statistically significant event that disrupted the trends in user activity. Of the 9 topics, only 1 showed significantly increased activity during this period, while the other 8 showed decreased activity. This mixture of increased and decreased activity for these topics indicates a shift in attention or focus on discussion topics during this period. There was a disruption in the experiences and concerns the cystic fibrosis community faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. By studying social media data, we were able to quickly and efficiently study the impact on the lived experiences and daily struggles of patients with cystic fibrosis. This study shows how social media data can be used as an alternative source of information to gain insight into the needs of patients with rare diseases and how external factors disrupt them.

Local Voices for Cocoa Production: Experiences of Ghanaian Cocoa Farmers on Community Radio

Local radio has played a significant role in keeping local cocoa farmers informed about their farming activities. However, the experiences of these local farmers who should be the real owners of community radio have not been captured. It would be possible to increase cocoa production if the experiences of local cocoa farmers were given the attention needed. Using a quantitative research approach, the multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 385 respondents. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Results show that farmers were undecided about their reliance on community radio and the role it plays in disseminating agricultural information. However, they understood the agricultural-related information disseminated on community radio. They agreed that the content and presentation of community radio programs were suitable for them but were undecided on the transmission quality and community involvement. Interference from local leaders was the most severe challenge facing farmers’ use of community radio. In order to improve extension delivery there is a need for policymakers and agricultural extension stakeholders to implement programs that will encourage farmers to set up and rely on community radio as a great alternative source of information for their farming activities. This is also necessary to improve the currently low contact of extension agents with farmers, thus, reducing the extension farmer ratio.

Implementing Smart Statistics Toolkit in the Official Statistics

Important issues of Smart statistics are addressed. The Smart statistics toolkit is analyzed: big data, data of artificial intellect and Internet of things, social media, and administrative data. 
 The study involves conceptualization of the Smart statistics and identification of advantages and threats for the official statistics in using Smart statistics data. A set of principles for operating big data are proposed, with categorizing the sources of big data generation (in conformity with the economic activities), presently demanded by the official statistics and the society (agriculture, health protection, mining industry, mechanical engineering, education, power industry). A smart data system in smart cities is developed, containing the following components: smart house, smart environment, smart control, smart traffic, smart health, and smart citizen. It is determined that the system’s objective is to create the smart environment and simplify the way of life through saving time, energy and money. The components of personalized collection and dissemination of data are determined. 
 The artificial intelligence (AI) is considered as a component of the Smart statistics conception. In this article’s context, the authors observe that using AI causes ethical discourses on issues such as property right for data, transparence and accountability of data. These discourses need to accounted for, in order to assure that AI technologies are used by the official statistics in a responsible and ethical manner. 
 Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that now it is necessary to create logical and adequate approaches to elaborating a methodology for collection, processing, grouping and analysis of statistical data from alternative information sources. It is argued that in spite of the advantages of the smart statistics toolkit and potentially positive results of its implementation in the official statistics, present-day Ukraine is not ready to face the threats involved in it given the war conditions and lack of a regulatory framework for its use.
 Further studies on this theme have to focus on in-depth analysis of Smart statistics and search for optimal ways for implementing its toolkit in the official statistics of Ukraine.

Internet platforms as alternative sources of information during the Russian-Ukrainian war

The deployment of Russian military aggression in Ukraine actualized the search for additional sources of information about hostilities. The war has shown that the official pro-Kremlin media is spreading outright propaganda. So, the demand for independent and operational information about the situation at the front has led to the emergence of individual observers who use available platforms for their activities. The purpose of the article is to analyze Internet platforms as alternative sources of information about the Russian-Ukrainian war. The research used methods of analysis and synthesis, prognostic method, content analysis. The results trace the peculiarities of the use of digital platforms as sources of information about Russian aggression. The main attention is paid to the peculiarities of work in social networks Facebook and Twitter (we are talking about the channels Hromadske.ua, InformNapalm), messengers (Telegram pages of the Center for countering disinformation at the NSDC, InformNapalm, DeepState). Attention is also drawn to independent OSINT researchers, whose reports made it possible to detect war crimes committed by the Russian army during the occupation of certain areas of Ukrainian territory. The conclusions emphasize the importance of further research into this vector, as independent groups of analysts actively use Internet platforms for work.

ICTs, smallholder agriculture and farmers’ livelihood improvement in developing countries: Evidence from Tanzania

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are among the profound tools to help the poor and marginalized rural smallholder farmers make a difference in their lives. This paper seeks to understand how the recent development of ICTs helps increase agricultural productivity and improve smallholder farmers’ livelihoods in Tanzania. We employed a fuzzy sets Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) technique to select the most relevant 24 literature from 2163 literature and analyze the drivers ( conditions) that influence ICT use among the smallholder farmers, which in turn leads to increased agricultural productivity and improved farmers’ livelihoods ( outcomes). In addition, the authors conducted in-depth interviews with some local smallholder farmers in Tanzania's same regions, as shown in the reviewed literature, to understand how ICTs worked in the field. Findings revealed that ICTs had been increasingly used for and directly linked with agricultural transformation, increased agricultural productivity and improved rural livelihoods in Tanzania in the past two decades. Smallholder farmers rely on ICT tools, particularly mobile phones and radios, to access agricultural-related information, which helps them increase agricultural productivity. The limited number of public extension service agents forces most smallholder farmers to opt for ICTs as an alternative source of agricultural information. In this case, the agricultural extension department from the ministry of agriculture should work closely with telecom, broadcasting companies and other stakeholders to strengthen and initiate more appropriate ICT infrastructure and services targeting the smallholder farmers.

On citizens' right to information: Justification and analysis of the democratic right to be well informed

On citizens' right to information: Justification and analysis of the democratic right to be well informed

Mapping the use of Google Scholar in evaluative bibliometric or scientometric studies: A bibliometric review

Abstract Google Scholar (GS) has aroused a good deal of interest among the bibliometric and scientometric community, owing to its capacity for gathering publication data, tracking citations, and creating metrics. This has led to reflections on its potential value as a means of enhancing evaluative procedures. However, despite being a useful tool because of its wide coverage, it has been monitored by specialists. For this reason, we aimed to map out the publications in the areas of Information Science & Library Science and/or Computer Science that make use of GS through a bibliometric review. Comprising data retrieved from the WoS and Dimensions, the results drew the attention of the bibliometric and scientometric community to the range of research problems in studies using GS. They also made it possible to identify the most prolific countries and authors and their preferred sources for publication. The presence of non-Anglophone countries and those from Latin America highlights the importance of alternative information sources to bibliometric and scientometric studies.

Outside the library: Early career researchers and use of alternative information sources in pandemic times

AbstractPresents findings from a study into the attitudes and practices of pandemic‐era early career researchers (ECRs) in regard to obtaining access to the formally published scholarly literature, which focused on alternative providers, notably ResearchGate and Sci‐Hub. The study is a part of the Harbingers project that has been exploring the work lives and scholarly communication practices of ECRs in pre‐pandemic times and during the pandemic, and utilizes data from two rounds of interviews with around 170 ECRs from the sciences and social sciences in eight countries. Findings show that alternative providers, as represented by ResearchGate and Sci‐Hub, have become established and appear to be gaining ground. However, there are considerable country‐ and discipline‐associated differences. ECRs' country‐specific level of usage of the alternative providers is partly traceable to the adequacy of library provisions, although there are other factors at play in shaping ECRs' attitudes and practices, most notably convenience and time saving, as well as the fact that these platforms have become embedded in the scholarly dashboard. There is a dearth of evidence of the impact of the pandemic on ECRs' ways of obtaining scholarly papers.

Violeta Miqueli's Direct Action against State Violence

Violeta Miqueli Mayoz de González (Key West 1891- New Jersey 1972) was an educator and an executive member of ethnic and anarchist groups. She actively participated in their direct action and wrote for their periodicals in Key West, Tampa, New York, Mexico D.F., Buenos Aires, and Barcelona. Miqueli identified the systemic violence that the state exercised against workers like her: difficult access to education and healthcare, prosecution of dissenters, and disadvantaged defense of the poor. Miqueli, like other anarcha-feminists of her time, developed strategies of care and political participation with direct action to protect the people when the state did not. Through the alternative press, Miqueli provided alternative sources of information that denounced the systematic state oppression. Her organization participation provided workers with education and distributed solidarity among state prisoners, while mutual aid dignified their health care. This essay and accompanying digital exhibit explore Miqueli's direct action to show how anarcha-feminists disseminated alternative visions of society while utilizing the freedom of association and the press to organize under the state's structural top-down violence.

Почему критика выдохлась? От фактов к вопросам, вызывающим озабоченность

This article proposes a revision of the notion of critique developed in the social sciences at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Bruno Latour suggests that criticism has largely lost its explanatory potential and has become an obstacle to responding to new challenges and threats. He suggests a radical revision of both the instruments and targets of critical analysis while observing the emergence of the “instant revisionism” phenomenon with its pseudo-critical analysis that challenges the facts established by science or jurisprudence, thus imitating the procedures of the sociology of science that Latour, himself, extensively used in his work of the eighties and nineties. He equally signalizes the transformation of critical procedures from an attribute of elitist academic culture to a key element of the conspiracy theories that have proliferated with the advent of social media and alternative information sources. Latour emphasizes that conspiracy theories and “instant revisionism” have become instruments in the hands of political forces challenging the established scientific consensus on the key role of anthropogenic factors in climate change. Simultaneously, he disapproves of returning to the pre-critical realism that does not consider the complex procedure of the “production” of facts, which does not amount to so-called “social constructivism.” To overcome this crisis, Latour proposes a gradual transition from the outdated notion of “facts” to a new concept, “matters of concern.” This new approach will account for the complex procedure of producing new entities and the interactions of human and non-human actors. Meanwhile, it will enable the recognition of the irrelevance of objections to already established states of affairs and adopt an authentic realist attitude that combines the virtues of critical methodology and the new pragmatism.

FORMATION OF STUDENTS' CREATIVE PERSONALITY IN ENGLISH CLASSES BY INTRODUCING INNOVATIVE METHODS

The article deals with the innovation of the educational process. Interactive methods of working in English classes as a means of forming a creative personality are described. The article presents the formation of communicative competence through the introduction of innovative methods.
 Innovative methods of teaching English are analyzed and the expediency of their use in higher educational institutions is justified. The process of teaching English in higher educational institutions has certain features associated with different initial levels of language training of students.
 The main goal of a foreign language teaching in higher educational institutions is to form students' communicative competence, which is based on communicative approaches formed on the basis of language knowledge and skills. Moreover, without the introduction of innovative teaching methods, the proper result cannot be achieved. It is necessary to reorient the educational process to partnership, that is, to the cooperation of all participants in the educational process. Learning English should be more active, not informative, because students learn languages more successfully through actions – speech and non-speech and their integration. For students, training in the form of practical activities forms the basis of their true knowledge.
 High-quality foreign language training of students is possible subject to the introduction of modern educational methods, such as: professionally oriented training, project method, intensive and distance learning methods, information and telecommunications technologies, working with computer programs in foreign languages, creating presentations, training systems of education. It is possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of the lesson if the content of the discipline "foreign language" in higher educational institutions is professionally oriented. The use of interactive teaching methods involves turning to communicative and constructivist approaches to teaching English. The use of innovative methods for teaching English and multimedia teaching tools allows students to increase motivation to learn English, provide access to new, alternative sources of information, develop independent mental activity, form communication skills, intercultural and professional competence.
 The communicative approach is largely aimed at the student. Its purpose is to interest them in learning the language by accumulating and expanding their knowledge and experience. It is necessary to develop knowledge and skills on the methodology of teaching foreign languages, reveal the essence of the methods, principles and practice of the communicative approach of teaching English, and improve the practice of foreign language proficiency.
 To achieve these goals, it is important to use active forms of work and innovative methods. The use of interactive methods in English classes will increase students' motivation to learn English.

Enhancing the Professionalism of Muslim Journalists in Handling Disinformation and Hoaxes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The term alternative media refers to media that serves as alternative sources of information in lieu of mainstream media. In contrast to social media, alternative media are mass media entities that carry out journalistic functions even though they are affiliated with community organizations. Thus, alternative media are expected to provide authentic news just like mainstream media in Muslim countries. Islamic alternative media are also required to produce quality news, and this was especially seen during the COVID-19 pandemic, when a flood of information resulted in confusion among the community. In response, training that aimed to enhance journalistic professionalism for practitioners of Islamic alternative journalism from four alternative media entities was conducted during the pandemic. Entitled Enhancing Professionalism of Muslim Journalists, the training was carried out in a measurable manner using the Assets-Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, which consists of five steps, namely discovery, dream, design, define, and destiny. With these five steps, the training resulted in significant changes in how journalist carried out their jobs. These include improvements in their understanding of professional ethics, news writing, and the use of journalistic language. This training also provided an overview of the pattern of reporting in Islamic alternative media, which are platforms that can provide news from a religious perspective.

Adverse Outcome Pathway 'Footprinting': A Novel Approach to the Integration of 21st Century Toxicology Information into Chemical Mixtures Risk Assessment.

For over a decade, New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) such as structure-activity/read-across, -omics technologies, and Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP), have been considered within regulatory communities as alternative sources of chemical and biological information potentially relevant to human health risk assessment. Integration of NAMs into applications such as chemical mixtures risk assessment has been limited due to the lack of validation of qualitative and quantitative application to adverse health outcomes in vivo, and acceptance by risk assessors. However, leveraging existent hazard and dose-response information, including NAM-based data, for mixture component chemicals across one or more levels of biological organization using novel approaches such as AOP 'footprinting' proposed herein, may significantly advance mixtures risk assessment. AOP footprinting entails the systematic stepwise profiling and comparison of all known or suspected AOPs involved in a toxicological effect at the level of key event (KE). The goal is to identify key event(s) most proximal to an adverse outcome within each AOP suspected of contributing to a given health outcome at which similarity between mixture chemicals can be confidently determined. These key events are identified as the 'footprint' for a given AOP. This work presents the general concept, and a hypothetical example application, of AOP footprinting as a key methodology for the integration of NAM data into mixtures risk assessment.

Evaluation of WRF model rainfall forecast using citizen science in a data-scarce urban catchment: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Study regionThe Akaki catchment is found in the Upper Awash River Basin in Ethiopia. Study focusUnderstanding the accuracy of rainfall forecasts in the data-scarce urban catchment has a multitude of benefits given the increased urban flood risk caused by climate change and urbanization. In this study, accuracy of the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model rainfall forecast was evaluated using citizen science data. Categorical and continuous accuracy evaluation metrics were used beside gauge representativeness effect. New hydrological insights for the regionThe rainfall forecasts performance accuracy is high for 1–3-days lead-time but deteriorates for 4–5-days lead-time. The WRF model captured the temporal dynamics and the rainfall amount according to the estimated KGE values. The model has relatively higher detection performance for no rain and light rain events (< 6 mm/day), but it has lower performance for moderate and heavy rain events (> 6 mm/day). Use of data from a single rain gauge misrepresents the accuracy level of the rainfall forecast in the study area. The gauge representativeness error contributed a variance of 28.08–83.33 % to the variance of WRF-gauge rainfall difference. Thus, the use of citizen science rainfall monitoring program is an essential alternative source of information where in-situ rainfall monitoring is limited that can be used to understand the “true” accuracy of WRF rainfall forecasts.

How do emergency medicine applicants evaluate residency programs in the post-COVID-19 era?

Pandemic disruptions to interviews and away rotations led applicants to rely on alternative sources of information about residency programs. We sought to compare program characteristics important to emergency medicine (EM)-bound applicants from before and after the pandemic. We also investigated the sources of information pandemic impacted applicants used during residency recruitment. This was a multi-institutional, cross-sectional survey of applicants to EM residency programs. We asked applicants about important factors in choosing a program and compared their response to results from 2019 National Residency Match Program. We also asked about alternative information sources used during this time of restricted access to programs of interest. We surveyed 414 applicants from 40 medical schools and attained a response rate of 38.4%. Compared to 2019 applicants, our respondents identified morale of residents and quality of faculty as important factors in choosing a residency. Our subjects cited websites of the program and hospital affiliate, current residents, faculty/mentor advice, Reddit, and Doximity as sources of program information. Compared to 2019, our EM-bound applicants who, because of the pandemic, were unable to visit programs of interest valued resident morale and faculty quality as factors in choosing a residency program. Without in-person visits, our subjects also had to use both virtual resources (e.g., websites) and traditional sources (e.g., mentor advice) to investigate a program's culture, reputation, and diversity and inclusion. Residency programs should monitor their online presence now that this has become an alternative source of information for applicants during curtailment of in-person visits.

Help Me #DebunkThis: Unpacking Individual and Community's Collaborative Work in Information Credibility Assessment

The wide spread of misinformation contributes to information consumers' excessed distrust of online information. To cope, information consumers are often actively involved in checking the credibility of information through self-researching or seeking help and opinions from experts and peers. While previous studies investigated the factors that affect people's perceptions of information credibility and how laypeople's judgements compare to experts, little is known about how the information credibility assessment work is performed and cooperated by individuals and communities in real-life, natural online environments. Through a qualitative study of an online community, r/DebunkThis, which is dedicated to information debunking, we found that online information debunking rarely followed a linear and straightforward path. Rather, community members, including the debunkers and the original posters, constantly negotiated, and interacted with each other to determine what to debunk and how to debunk. Individuals adopted various strategies to debunk information, such as questioning the credibility of the information source and citing authoritative external information. Community members supplemented with details and explanations, corrected others, requested clarifications, summarized high-level knowledge and skills, and interacted socially based on individuals' debunking explanations. Our study results broaden the understanding of debunking not only as an outcome but also as a learning and social process for community members to learn high-level debunking skills and form and enforce community rules. We provide implications for designing community and crowd-based information debunking systems which should recognize the complex, cooperative, and socially situated work of community and crowd debunkers. The design of such systems should therefore support not only labeling information as correct or not or simply sharing alternative information sources, but also community interactions and learning processes, as well as recognizing the labor of community debunkers.

The Experience of Health Professionals With Misinformation and Its Impact on Their Job Practice: Qualitative Interview Study.

Misinformation is often disseminated through social media, where information is spread rapidly and easily. Misinformation affects many patients' decisions to follow a treatment prescribed by health professionals (HPs). For example, chronic patients (eg, those with diabetes) may not follow their prescribed treatment plans. During the recent pandemic, misinformed people rejected COVID-19 vaccines and public health measures, such as masking and physical distancing, and used unproven treatments. This study investigated the impact of health-threatening misinformation on the practices of health care professionals in the United Kingdom, especially during the outbreaks of diseases where a great amount of health-threatening misinformation is produced and released. The study examined the misinformation surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak to determine how it may have impacted practitioners' perceptions of misinformation and how that may have influenced their practice. In particular, this study explored the answers to the following questions: How do HPs react when they learn that a patient has been misinformed? What misinformation do they believe has the greatest impact on medical practice? What aspects of change and intervention in HPs' practice are in response to misinformation? This research followed a qualitative approach to collect rich data from a smaller subset of health care practitioners working in the United Kingdom. Data were collected through 1-to-1 online interviews with 13 health practitioners, including junior and senior physicians and nurses in the United Kingdom. Research findings indicated that HPs view misinformation in different ways according to the scenario in which it occurs. Some HPs consider it to be an acute incident exacerbated by the pandemic, while others see it as an ongoing phenomenon (always present) and address it as part of their daily work. HPs are developing pathways for dealing with misinformation. Two main pathways were identified: first, to educate the patient through coaching, advising, or patronizing and, second, to devote resources, such as time and effort, to facilitate 2-way communication between the patient and the health care provider through listening and talking to them. HPs do not receive the confidence they deserve from patients. The lack of trust in health care practitioners has been attributed to several factors, including (1) trusting alternative sources of information (eg, social media) (2) patients' doubts about HPs' experience (eg, a junior doctor with limited experience), and (3) limited time and availability for patients, especially during the pandemic. There are 2 dimensions of trust: patient-HP trust and patient-information trust. There are 2 necessary actions to address the issue of lack of trust in these dimensions: (1) building trust and (2) maintaining trust. The main recommendations of the HPs are to listen to patients, give them more time, and seek evidence-based resources.

PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDIA EDUCATION IN UKRAINE AND POLAND IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

Peculiarities of the formation of media education in Ukraine and Poland in the context of European integration have been clarified in the article. The meaning of the concept of "media education" and the necessity of its introduction have been reflected. The comparative aspect is used to analye the main characteristics of formation of media education in Ukraine and Poland and the current state of media education of the studied countries. The development of media education in Ukraine is mainly characterized by three groups of socio-political and socio-economic changes: firstly, increasing changes in the global and national economy; secondly, international compulsory standards for formation of Ukrainian educational system; thirdly, an urgent prevention of information violence. In Poland we have divided the development of media education in Poland into several stages: the first stage - 90s of the XX century – 1995; the third stage – 2008 - 2019; the fourth stage - 2019 – until now. The conducted content analysis has shown the main aspects of the development of media education in Poland in percentages selection and analysis of a large number of information sources; the right choice of information source;analysing the alternative source of information; awareness that information can be true and false; questioning the truth of received information; review the truth of certain information, that is, an attempt to be critical to information. The education system should have the main place in the development of young generation of Ukrainian identity, patriotism preventing the external disinformation The modern achievements of Polish educational institutions such as basic training courses, forms and methods of teaching are revealed. The achievements of Ukrainian pedagogical science in the field of media education are highlighted. It is proved the importance of providing the system of media education with educational resources and institutional support. A comparative analysis has been used to compare the state of media education development in Ukraine and Poland.