Alternative Raw Materials Research Articles

PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM MICROALGAE CULTIVATED WITH VINASSE

Purpose: The objective of this work was to carry out the cultivation of the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana with diluted vinasse, verifying its potential for remediation of nutrients and increase of its lipid fraction, to produce biodiesel according to the current regulation. Theoretical Framework: The quest to reduce fossil fuels, which are responsible for negative environmental impacts, has boosted the demand for biofuels in recent years. Biodiesel has been gaining prominence as a promising alternative to replace petroleum derivatives since it can be produced from various raw materials, such as microalgae. Design/Methodology/Approach: Different vinasse dilutions were studied for the cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana CTT 7727, being 5, 10 and 15% (v v-1) and N:P:K (20:5:20) 1% (v v-1) medium as a comparative standard. Biodiesel was produced by direct transesterification and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector, enabling the identification and quantification of the fatty acid profile. Findings: The results obtained indicated that vinasse 10% (v v-1) proved to be promising for application as a culture medium for this microalgae species, as it guaranteed a good cell growth rate, high biomass productivity and lipid yield. Considering the biodiesel produced, it fits the regulatory standards analyzed by the National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP). Research, Practical & Social Implications: The research demonstrates the feasibility of cultivating the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana with diluted vinasse, highlighting the 10% concentration as promising for optimizing cell growth and lipid yield. The results ensure compliance with ANP regulations for biodiesel production, indicating immediate and sustainable applicability on an industrial scale. Socially, it contributes to the pursuit of biofuels, reducing dependence on fossil sources and promoting more sustainable practices in the bioenergy industry. Originality/Value: The study's originality lies in the unique combination of Chlorella sorokiniana CTT 7727, diluted vinasse, and biodiesel production in accordance with ANP regulations. It stands out for identifying the optimal vinasse concentration (10%) for cultivation, presenting an economical and effective approach. The strategic value is in the use of an alternative raw material cultivated with an industrial residue, promoting the diversification of the energy matrix and mitigating environmental impacts associated with conventional fuels.

Response surface methodology optimization of sodium diclofenac adsorption using activated carbon derived from falcata tree sawdust

The presence of sodium diclofenac in water is a significant problem due to its adverse effects on terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Thus, this study investigated the Falcata tree sawdust as the precursor of activated carbon for the adsorption of diclofenac in an aqueous solution. The characterization of falcata tree sawdust-activated carbon (FTSAC) was evaluated by SEM and FTIR analysis. The activated falcata sawdust converted to activated carbon has a 30 % yield. The optimal values for the operating parameters, FTSAC dosage, initial sodium diclofenac concentration, reaction time and pH, were determined using the central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal removal efficiency suggested by CCD is 93.98 % with the optimum conditions of parameters of 0.80 g FTSAC dosage, 200 ppm initial sodium diclofenac concentration, 20 min reaction time, and pH 4. These optimal values of parameters were validated by an actual experiment, and the result (average removal efficiency: 92.08 %) is within a 95 % confidence interval. On the other hand, the pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.9991) kinetic model depicts the rate of absorption of FTSAC adsorbing SD. Moreover, the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm or Sips isotherm model (R2 = 0.9904) is the best-fit model that describes the heterogeneous adsorption dynamics of FTSAC surfaces. This study indicates that falcata sawdust can serve as a promising and viable alternative raw material to produce activated carbon.

Evaluating pumice as a sustainable raw material in porcelain tile production: impact on technical properties

AbstractPumice, a porous rock resulting from the rapid cooling of tuff fragments during volcanic activity, exhibits a spongy texture and light color due to its low density. Found predominantly in Central Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia, it has drawn interest for industrial applications. This study delved into utilizing micronized pumice within the porcelain tile manufacturing process. Comparative analyses were conducted between formulations incorporating micronized pumice and the standard ceramic tile recipe. In place of feldspar, micronized pumice was introduced at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7%, while clay was substituted with micronized pumice at concentrations of 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10% by weight. The prepared bodies were fired in an industrial kiln at 1210 °C for 54 min, and various physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. These included viscosity, sieve residue, green strength pre-firing, firing shrinkage, water absorption, firing strength, and firing color after-firing. The results indicated that the samples incorporating micronized pumice closely matched the physical and mechanical properties of the standard porcelain tile. Phase and microstructural analyses revealed the presence of mullite and quartz phases. Notably, micronized pumice demonstrated promise as a substitute for clay or feldspar, with the optimal usage rate determined to be 7% in the porcelain tile recipe. This indicates that pumice has the potential to be an alternative raw material in the production of porcelain tiles.

The Effects of Animal Bone Ash on Asphalt Pavement Mixtures

This study focuses on alternative raw material sources to meet the demand for sustainable construction materials. Particularly, it is suggested that waste materials, such as animal by-products, could provide a solution for enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of asphalt concrete. The research aims to improve the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete by utilizing bone powder obtained from Category 3 animal by-products through a hydrolysis procedure. Experiments conducted showed that the addition of 5% bone powder increased maximum stability when used in conjunction with different percentages of bitumen. Overall, some positive developments were observed in the physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concrete containing animal bone ash, possibly due to strengthening the bond between aggregate particles and bitumen material. This study highlights the potential of animal bone ash in improving the mechanical properties of asphalt concrete and recommends a 5% bone powder addition for optimum stability and durability. However, further research and field tests are needed to better understand the long-term effects of animal bone ash and its performance under different road conditions.

Artificial lightweight aggregate made from alternative and waste raw materials, hardened using the hybrid method

Lightweight aggregates are a material used in many industries. A huge amount of this material is used in construction and architecture. For the most part, lightweight construction aggregates are obtained from natural resources such as clay raw materials that have the ability to swell at high temperatures. Resources of these clays are limited and not available everywhere. Therefore, opportunities are being sought to produce lightweight artificial aggregates that have interesting performance characteristics due to their properties. For example, special preparation techniques can reduce or increase the water absorption of such an aggregate depending on the needs and application. The production of artificial lightweight aggregate using various types of waste materials is environmentally friendly as it reduces the depletion of natural resources. Therefore, this article proposes a method of obtaining artificial lightweight aggregate consolidated using two methods: drum and dynamic granulation. Hardening was achieved using combined methods: sintering and hydration, trying to maintain the highest possible porosity. Waste materials were used, such as dust from construction rubble and residues from the processing of PET bottles, as well as clay from the Bełchatów mine as a raw material accompanying the lignite overburden. High open porosity of the aggregates was achieved, above 30%, low apparent density of 1.23 g/cm3, low leachability of approximately 250 µS. The produced lightweight aggregates could ultimately be used in green roofs.

Effectiveness of Tea Leaf (Camellia sinensis) Liquid Smoke as an Antiseptic

Microbes are often the cause of infectious diseases; one method of prevention is to use antiseptics. Excessive use of antisep- tics can cause mild to severe side effects, so an alternative antiseptic is needed. Liquid smoke is an alternative raw material to produce antiseptics because its main component can be used as an inhibitor of microbial growth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of tea-leaf liquid smoke as an antiseptic against microbial growth in vivo and in vitro. The method for producing liquid smoke via pyrolysis involves distilling grade 3 liquid smoke to generate grade 1 and grade 2 liquid smoke. The in vitro test uses a microbial growth inhibition test with grade 1 and 2 liquid smoke concentrations of 35%, 50%, and 75%. The microbes used were Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, and Aspergillus flavus ATCC 9643. The in vivo test uses the swab test method on the palm of the hand. The results of the invitro test showed that the largest inhibition zone of tea leaf liquid smoke was obtained using grade 2 liquid smoke with a concentration of 75%.The results of the in vivo test showed that the effectiveness of tea leaf liquid smoke was 80% against bacteria and 85% against fungi. Based onthe results of the study, it can be concluded that tea leaf liquid smoke (Camellia sinensis) has potential as an antiseptic.

Sustainable valorization of mining waste: Phosphate sludge repurposing for advanced ceramic production

Managing the vast quantities of waste constantly generated by mining activities is one of the major environmental and economic problems facing mankind today. Fluorapatite is separated from the associated gangue minerals by a series of crushing and screening, washing, and flotation processes. These processes produce a significant amount of phosphate sludge, which is stored on the mine site in drift rock and large surface ponds. One possible environmental option is to reuse it as an alternative raw material in ceramics and building materials. Consequently, two phosphate sludges from two different Moroccan towns, Youssoufia and Khouribga, were studied. Due to the complexity of these raw materials resulting from long geological processes, in-depth physical, chemical, mineralogical, and thermal characterization is required. Dry compressed powder pellets were sintered at 900 °C, 1000 °C, and 1100 °C for 2 h. The study focuses on the effect of sintering temperature on mineralogical transformations and ceramic properties such as apparent porosity, water absorption, and mechanical strength. At 1100 °C, a slight increase in density was observed for both phosphate sludges. Water absorption was reduced by 2.51 % in both sludges for pellets sintered at 1100 °C compared to those sintered at 900 °C. Mechanical strength improved significantly, with an increase of about 60 % for samples sintered at 1100 °C, recording 227 N for Youssoufia sludge and 247 N for Khouribga sludge. This work has provided new data on the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and thermal changes in ceramics as the sintering temperature increases. These data will be useful for the manufacture of high-value ceramics.

A new nanocomposite membrane based on sulfonated polysulfone boron nitride for proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Its fabrication and characterization

Sulfonated polysulfone (SPSf) polymer is an alternative raw material in producing commercially used proton exchange membranes. On the other hand, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is one of the additives of interest for nanocomposite PEMs. In this study, nanocomposite membranes is fabricated and characterized with SPSf and hBN nanoparticles. The degree of sulfonation of the sulfonated polysulfone is determined by titration, and sulfonic acid bonds are investigated by Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) analysis. SPSf is dissolved with dichloromethane, and hBN nanoparticles are added. After homogenizing the prepared solution with magnetic and ultrasonic stirrers, membranes are formed using Dr. Blade. 1H NMR, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) analysis are examined the morphological, thermal, and organic compound structures of the membranes. Water uptake capacity, swelling ratio, proton conductivity, oxidative resistance, and mechanical properties of the membranes are determined. The highest water uptake capacity is obtained as 40.08 % in the membrane named SPSf-3 %hBN. Using hBN additive improved swelling ratio and thermal and mechanical strength properties. The proton conductivity values of polysulfone (PSf), SPSf, SPSf-1 %hBN, SPSf-2 %hBN, and SPSf-3 %hBN membranes are determined as 2.89, 6.84, 3.57, 10.8 and 5.12 mS cm−1, respectively. As a result of the analysis, it is observed that the nanocomposite membrane structure has both amorphous and crystalline homogeneous structure.

Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Limbah Organik dari Buah-buahan dan Sayuran Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Eco Enzyme

People have a significant need to consume fruits in daily life. Overall, the pulp of the fruit is the only part that is utilized; thus far, fruit rind is rarely utilized and is merely wasted. Similarly, whenever it relates to vegetables, only the desirable sections are picked; the tougher sections, such as the stems, are usually eliminated. Potential raw materials for the production of eco enzyme (which can be used as liquid organic fertilizer) abounds in the profusion of fruit and vegetable waste. Typically, organic waste is neglected, resulting in an offensive odor that affects the environment's cleanliness and may pose health risks. In an attempt to mitigate the adverse effects caused by organic waste, alternative raw materials for the production of liquid organic fertilizer and eco-enzymes may be derived from fruit and vegetable peel waste. The production process of eco enzyme commences with the segregation of organic waste, which will serve as its main material. Subsequently, blend the components in the suggested proportions (1 part sugar/molasses to 3 parts organic matter to 10 parts water). Three months after the mixture is complete, eco-enzymes may be harvested. The collaborators of this community service endeavor consist of housewives, beverage vendors, and organic waste-focused community organizations. Encouraging economic and social autonomy in the community is the objective of this Community Service Program activity, to educate and raise awareness among the general public regarding the proper disposal of organic garbage in order to create a more sanitary and habitable environment and a greener planet, enhance both soft and physical skills while fostering greater social harmony and comfort.

Challenges and prospects for implementing halal principles in the jamu industry in Indonesia

The traditional herbal medicine (jamu) industry in Indonesia faces challenges in applying halal principles due to the common use of non-halal ingredients in jamu production. Jamu is in high demand in Indonesia, a largely Muslim country with a thriving halal economy. This article reviews the challenges and prospects of implementing halal principles in Indonesia's jamu industry. The research methods employed include literature review and analysis of relevant regulations and industry practices in jamu production. The research findings indicate that the presence of non-halal ingredients in some jamu products poses obstacles to meeting halal requirements. The discussion proposes strategies and potential avenues to enhance the implementation of halal principles in the jamu industry, such as developing alternative raw materials and obtaining halal certification. The conclusion drawn from this article is that implementing halal principles in the jamu industry holds promising prospects but requires close collaboration between the government, producers, and other stakeholders.

POTENSI LIPID MIKROALGA AURANTIOCHYTRIUM DARI HUTAN BAKAU INDONESIA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PRODUKSI BIOFUEL

Microalgae's high lipid content makes them an alternative raw material for the generation of biofuel. This research examines the potential of Aurantiochytrium microalgae sourced from mangrove forests. The capacity to create omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such DHA, which have a high economic value, is one benefit of Aurantiochytrium microalgae and makes integrated production with biofuel production feasible. The possible biofuel products from Aurantiochytrium microalgae, including biodiesel and bioviation fuel, are reviewed in this research. These microalgae go through multiple steps in the biofuel production process, including isolation, cultivation, lipid extraction, and hydroprocessing and transesterification to turn the algae into biodiesel or biojet fuel. The first steps toward producing biofuel from Aurantiochytrium microalgae obtained from Indonesian mangrove forests are expected to be laid by this research.

Fisheries and aquaculture by-products: Case studies in Norway, United States, and Vietnam

Fishmeal and fish oil (FMFO) have historically come from capture fisheries, although supply from capture fisheries is constrained and demand for FMFO is increasing. Fish production losses and by-products are an alternative raw material for FMFO, however, there is little systematic data collected on the use of these raw materials and limited knowledge about barriers to their use in FMFO production. This study collected data on production losses and by-products from seven fisheries and aquaculture sectors that are important in supplying the US seafood market. From 2019–2021, quantitative surveys (n=47 businesses), semi-structured qualitative interviews (n=31 businesses), and secondary data were collected for the study period of 2014–2018. There was significant variation in utilization of production losses and by-products across sectors (range: 37–99 %), and overall, the aggregate utilization rate was 72 %. Scale appeared to be the most important factor leading to use of production losses and by-products. Aquaculture industries in this study had a large and relatively steady supply of by-products year-round, which made investments in FMFO plants worthwhile and led to moderate to high rates of by-product utilization. Wild-caught fisheries in this study had lower rendering rates due to short fishing seasons, smaller scales, operations in remote locations, and regulations that allow dumping of by-products. There were several examples of companies that invested in rendering plants because it was profitable to sell the rendered waste, while other sectors and industries require better coordination and policy supports to make use of this valuable resource.

Investigate the Processability of Biobased Thermoplastics Used in Nonwoven Fabrics.

The Covid-19 pandemic increased enormously the manufacturing and usage of face masks and other personal protective equipment (PPE), resulting in accumulation of plastic waste and, thus, causing universal environmental concerns. In addressing the issue of waste reduction and finding alternatives for fossil-based products, investigation of different biobased and biodegradable polymers plays a crucial role. This study examines the processability characteristics of three commonly used biobased polymers available in the market: biobased poly(lactic acid) (PLA), partly biobased and biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), and biobased high-density poly(ethylene) (BioHDPE). The investigation combines substantial polymer analysis with subsequent processability trials in two different spunmelt processes, namely, meltblow (MB) and the Nanoval technology, aiming to reveal the differences and difficulties in the processing behavior and pointing out advantages and/or disadvantages of the respective polymer/technology combination. In general, the observed processability behavior and outcomes indicate that within the used processes PLA exhibits superior processability compared to PBS and BioHDPE. Both the meltblow and Nanoval processing of PLA demonstrated a consistent production of fibers and efficient uptake without any compromise on the throughput. In contrast, the processing of PBS using Nanoval required the utilization of significantly elevated temperatures, as indicated by a rheological study. Furthermore, the rheological evaluation revealed that the viscosity of BioHDPE was excessively elevated, rendering it unsuitable for effective processing by the Nanoval method. The microfibers in the PLA-based meltblown fabric had a higher surface area, explaining why the PLA fibers were able to function as a barrier and, thus, contribute to the mitigation of air permeability adjustable between 500 and 1000 l·s-1·m-2 and thus competitive or even superior to PP nonwovens of the same fiber diameter and base weight (1480 l·s-1·m-2). Overall, these results showed that PLA can be an alternative raw material for fossil-based nonwovens of PPE applying, especially, the meltblown technique.

ESG investment for post-war rebuilding of Ukrainian economy

With the onset of the coronavirus crisis, there was a transformation of priorities in the field of finance and investments at the global level in terms of intensifying support for sustainable development initiatives. In particular, international financial, management and business experts emphasize the need to implement projects that meet ESG criteria, namely support the effectiveness of environmental, social and corporate management. In Ukraine, there is a need to start post-war rebuilding process, based on new technologies, alternative raw materials and with the formation of new chains of interaction. Accordingly, there is a need to assess the possibilities of integrating ESG principles into programs for the reconstruction of the national economy, strategies for making investment decisions. In particular, it is important to take into account the potential of financing programs and individual reconstruction projects due to the combination of resources attracted from different sources.

Use of Agave Angustifolia Haw Bagasse Pulp as An Additive Powder For Baking Flour

Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the conditions under which the pulp of Agave Angustifolia Haw bagasse fibers should be processed to obtain a good quality bread in terms of texture, emulsion, and crumb formation. Theoretical Framework: Agro-industrial residues have become in recent years alternative raw materials for different production processes, however, they must present conditions that allow food fortification, as is the case of agave residues whose nutrient content has evidence in the literature. Method: The methodology used in this study is experimental and applied in stages, 10 kg of agave bagasse were collected and processed; different proportions of agave flour were established in bread recipes to test the ideal fermentation for baking. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that the fine residues obtained from the process of solar drying and grounding of agave bagasse pulp increase high-water absorption capacity, therefore this property favors the hydration of bakery products. Implications of the research: It is concluded that these residues in a lower concentration combined with flour can be used for the elaboration of bakery products with nutritional value. Originality/value: This study contributes to reduce agro-industrial waste contamination by transforming them into functional food, which represents a contribution to food security programs and social impact.

Sustainability Evaluation of a Paper and Pulp Industrial Waste Incorporation in Bituminous Pavements

The valorization of wastes as an alternative or secondary raw material in various products and processes has been a solution for the implementation of sustainability, a safer environment, and the concept of circular economy in the efficient use and management of natural resources. To promote sustainability through a circular economy approach, this work tries to demonstrate the environmental gains that are obtained by bringing together, in an industrial symbiosis action, two large industrial sectors (the pulp and paper and the road pavement sectors) responsible for generating large amounts of wastes. A sustainability assessment, based on a life cycle and circular economy approach, is presented here, and discussed using a simple case study carried out on a real scale. Two wastes (dregs and grits) from the pulp and paper industry (PPI) were used to partially replace natural fine aggregates in the production of bituminous mixtures used on the top surface of road pavements. The impacts at a technical, environmental, economic, and social level were assessed and it was shown that this simple waste valorization action is not only positive for the final product from a technical point of view, but also for the environment, causing positive impacts on the different sustainability dimensions that were evaluated.

Upcycling of cellulosic textile waste with bacterial cellulose via Ioncell® technology

Currently the textile industry relies strongly on synthetic fibres and cotton, which contribute to many environmental problems. Man-made cellulosic fibres (MMCF) can offer sustainable alternatives. Herein, the development of Lyocell-type MMCF using bacterial cellulose (BC) as alternative raw material in the Ioncell® spinning process was investigated. BC, known for its high degree of polymerization (DP), crystallinity and strength was successfully dissolved in the ionic liquid (IL) 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate [DBNH][OAc] to produce solutions with excellent spinnability. BC staple fibres displayed good mechanical properties and crystallinity (CI) and were spun into a yarn which was knitted into garments, demonstrating the potential of BC as suitable cellulose source for textile production. BC is also a valuable additive when recycling waste cellulose textiles (viscose fibres). The high DP and Cl of BC enhanced the spinnability in a viscose/BC blend, consequently improving the mechanical performance of the resulting fibres, as compared to neat viscose fibres.

A Preliminary Evaluation of Alternative Raw Materials for Pellet Production

The study focuses on alternative raw materials available in Latvia and their possible use in pellet production. Laboratory testing to determine the main quality parameters – the moisture content, the ash content, the calorific value and ash melting temperature – was carried out for 13 alternative biomass sources: pine mix pellets (PMP); pellets of wood shavings, synthetic and textile waste mix (SSK); hogweed (Heracleum sosnowsky, HW); the full plant of Solidago canadensis L. (SC); the full plant of Solidago canadensis L. outgrown (SCO); mowed grass from the municipality (MGM); mowed grass from the garden (MGG); chamomile full plant without stems (CF); hemp without roots (Cannabis sativa L., HWR); hemp stems (Cannabis sativa L., HS); hemp leaves with seeds (Cannabis sativa L., HLS); spent grain (SG); damaged spent grain (DSG). The testing and determination of results were carried out according to the methodology set out in ISO standards regarding solid biofuels. The obtained results were compared to the quality parameters defined in ENplus certification for B-class wood pellets in requirements for producers. Additional analysis of chemical composition was carried out using XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) for the ash of two selected materials - SC and HLS - to gain an insight into possible combustion issues that can occur during the use of these materials. The main issue highlighted by the results is the ash content of alternative materials, which ranges from 1.34% to 11.27%. The other significant issue is the necessity to improve the ash deformation temperature, which was below 1100°C for 5 of the studied materials. Considering this, an algorithm was developed to determine the optimal proportion of alternative material and wood in pellets to achieve a quality comparable to at least B-class wood pellets. The study offers a direction for further research to successfully develop new pellets that could be later used in existing boiler systems, reducing the dependence on wood in pellet production. A discussion on the use, quality and development of alternative material pellets is offered to promote the significance of the topic.

Instrumental and sensory tools to evaluate the production potential of a new type of sparkling wine from umbu (Spondias tuberosa)

Umbu is a native fruit from the Brazilian Caatinga Biome, which is a source of income for families involved in extractivism. This fruit is highly perishable and production losses have been experienced. The production of sparkling wine can be a strategy for better use and to add value to this fruit. Furthermore, consumers have been attracted to innovative beverages, produced with alternative raw materials and with an exotic and pleasant aroma. The potential for producing sparkling wine from umbu was evaluated through physical-chemical, instrumental (gas chromatography with detection by mass spectrometry and olfactometry) and sensory analyses (acceptance test, Just-about-right (JAR) scale, and penalty analysis). Both the base wine and the sparkling wine meet all regulatory physicochemical parameters. The volatile profile of umbu pulp contains mainly terpenes (55%), while esters predominated in the base and sparkling wines (32 and 33%, respectively). In sparkling wines, hexanoic acid (3114 mg L−1) and linalool (1266 mg L−1) were the major compounds. Among the 26 odor-active compounds of sparkling wines are mainly ethyl esters with fruity aroma (acetate, decanoate, and 2-phenylacetate; OSME area: 4.8, 4.8, and 5.0%, respectively), and terpenes with floral notes (p-cymene, geranic oxide and linalool; OSME area: 8.5, 7.4, and 6.9%, respectively). The acceptance and purchase intention tests endorsed the commercialization expectation, although JAR scale and penalty analysis showed that the umbu aroma and sweetness may be improved. The potential of umbu for the production of sparkling wines has been proven, which satisfies the current market demand for innovative beverages.

Analyzing the Implementation of Green Industries Practice at PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Tuban Plant towards Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

This research examines the implementation of green industry practices at PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Tuban Plant and its contribution to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As a state-owned multinational corporation in the cement industry, PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Tuban Plant plays a significant role in integrating environmental sustainability into its business operations. Through a qualitative exploratory approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation study. The analysis revealed that the company has implemented various green industry practices across its operations, including the adoption of Alternative Fuel and Raw Material (AFR), Waste Heat Recovery Power Generation (WHRPG) technology, and community development programs. These practices align with several SDGs, particularly SDGs 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15, focusing on clean energy, innovation, sustainable cities, responsible consumption and production, climate action, life below water, and life on land. The research highlights PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Tuban Plant as a pioneering entity in environmental management and community empowerment within the cement industry, contributing significantly to sustainable development efforts.