Alternative Mapping Research Articles

Proximity-dependent biotin labeling in testicular germ cells identified TESMIN-associated proteins

Characterization of protein–protein interactions (PPI) is a key to understanding the functions of proteins of interest. Recently developed proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) has been actively investigated as an alternative PPI mapping method because of its usefulness in uncovering transient PPI. Here, as an example of proximity labeling proteomics application in the testis, we generated two transgenic mouse lines expressing two biotin ligases (BioID2 or TurboID) fused with TESMIN, which translocates from the cytosol to the nucleus during meiotic progression and is required for reproduction. The BioID2 transgene, albeit not the TurboID transgene, rescued fertility defects of the Tesmin KO male mice, indicating that the TESMIN-BioID2 fusion can physiologically replace TESMIN. Furthermore, biotinylated protein pull-down and affinity-purification followed by mass spectrometry using the TESMIN-BioID2 transgenic mice captured components of the MYBL1–MuvB complex that regulate cell-cycle gene expression. Thus, our study shows that proximity labeling proteomics can be applied in male germ cells, although the choice of biotin ligase needs to be carefully tested.

Value network mapping applied to the flat glass sector: constraints and leverage points for circularity.

Architectural flat glass is a fully recyclable material but continues to follow a linear, wasteful path from renovation and demolition sites into landfills or low-value recycling. To make the shift towards circularity, understanding the whole flat glass network is essential. Therefore, the present paper identifies constraints and leverage points for circularity from a systemic perspective. Departing from literature and in-person discussions with network actors, value network mapping is applied to conventional practices, a transition tool to define essential missing roles, relations, and transactions. First, the roles and general relations are mapped, and step-by-step the value transactions and flows are detailed. An alternative circular value network map was then developed in which systemic changes are suggested to improve reuse, repair, and recycling applications. Leverage points are identified, such as learning from best-practices, sharing knowledge between actors, creating awareness, and creating incentives for the actors. From these findings, specific interventions in the conventional value network of flat glass can be conceived and planned as a sustainable transitions experiment (e.g., in the context of a living lab project initiated by governmental or private forerunners), or as an enduring redefinition of some roles and relations in the construction sector with a systemic result.

Mapping Intimate Geographies of Grief and Loss

Cartography has been pivotal in making visible the number of people who die in the context of migration. In this article, the author explores the potential of mapping to study and develop another dimension of the geography of death within exile: the more intimate dimensions of post-mortem geographies as experienced by those who survive a loved one. Inspired by Avril Maddrell’s call for developing new cartographic representations to share difficult emotions and memories associated with death, the author mobilized two alternative mapping practices—inductive visualization and sensibility mapping—to chart the emotional and intimate geographies embedded in the stories of two migrants who lost a close friend with whom they lived while in exile. The mapping process that led the author to represent these intimate post-mortem geographies brought me to reflect on the importance of developing alternative cartographic forms of expression that focus on the experiential and the emotional, rather than on the factual and the measurable. By steering this cartographic shift away from the fact of death as the end of a journey to death as a lingering event in the life of those who survive, the author proposes a cartography of grief and mourning that aims to contribute to individual and collective remembering.

What is the Development Strategy for a Service-based Business?

This study aims to map out how to develop strategies for service-based businesses to take advantage of opportunities and maximize the role of resources by anticipating weaknesses and threats. This research was conducted on a service-based business. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with research subjects being business owners, employees, and some consumers in the laundry business in Watampone City. The analytical technique used in this research is SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Treatment) as an alternative mapping strategy that will be implemented in future business development. From the results of research using swot analysis in the laundry business in Watamponen City, implementing a laundry business development strategy has excellent prospects and opportunities, so the strategy that is considered suitable is based on the research results using a Growth-oriented strategy.

Rapid urban flood risk mapping for data-scarce environments using social sensing and region-stable deep neural network

Urban flooding is one of the most widespread natural hazards in modern cities. Risk mapping provides critical information for flood risk management to reduce life and economic loss. As a widely used approach to support flood risk mapping, physical-based modeling suffers from model accuracy and computation complexity. Empirical methods rely on availability of rich disaster data and are not normally transferable for fast flood prediction to different cities. Both methods require high-quality hazard data and disaster information for reliable prediction, which are not always available. This paper presents an alternative near real-time flood risk mapping method for data scarce environments developed using social sensing and region-stable deep neural network (RS-DNN). By extracting disaster information in near real-time using social sensing techniques and considering risk distribution factors rather than flood influencing factors, this new method enables flood risk mapping and analysis cross a large domain in minutes, with all input data openly available. The proposed method can be adapted to different disaster process and different case study cities through timely social sensing.

Production of orthophoto map using mobile photogrammetry and comparative assessment of cost and accuracy with satellite imagery for corridor mapping: a case study in Manesar, Haryana, India

ABSTRACT The study aims to find a low-cost alternate technology to get imagery, using mobile platform, and produce digital orthophoto for corridor mapping, with a higher degree of accuracy and which can reduce the lag time of acquisition of data. The present study uses digital single-lens reflex cameras, mounted on a mobile vehicle, and acquisition of data in the video format rather than still photographs, as traditionally used in mobile mapping systems. The videos are used to create a set of images and orthophotos. A widespread ground control points were recorded in the study area, using the global navigation satellite system receiver, which measured the control points in real-time kinematic mode. Generation of digital orthophoto has been completed using the captured mobile imagery and ground control point. Furthermore, procurement of satellite imagery and aerial triangulation using ground control points have been done. While comparing the planimetric accuracy of orthophoto against satellite imagery using the ground control points, the achieved root mean square error value of produced orthophoto is 0.171 m in X axis and 0.205 m in Y axis. However, for Cartosat -1 satellite imagery, the RMSE value for X is 1.22 m and for Y is 1.98 m. This research proposes the alternate low-cost mobile mapping method to capture the imagery for orthophoto production. The cost of orthophoto production from mobile image was found 77% cheaper than the orthophoto cost from fresh/latest satellite imagery procurement, while the overall production was 70% cost-effective than the orthophoto maps made from archived imagery.

Multimarket Membership Mapping

Market structure maps spatially represent competitive relationships among brands and products. In these maps, each product is typically visualized in a single map location. Such visualization, however, does not adequately accommodate multimarket membership products (MMPs), which are products that compete in multiple submarkets that are each characterized by distinct competitors and consumer preferences. The author proposes a novel framework that accommodates MMPs by visualizing products in the local context of each submarket in which they compete. This framework is then used to study market structure in the digital camera market. Competitive relationships are inferred from consumers’ online searches using bootstrapped neural product embedding. The research shows that 8% of cameras are MMPs and that 50% of all submarkets are affected by MMPs. The map generated with the proposed framework uncovers mismatches between manufacturer positioning and consumer perception of several cameras. An extensive comparison of the proposed framework with alternative mapping methods reveals that (1) commonly used mapping methods misrepresent MMPs’ competitive positions in their maps and (2) ignoring MMPs can lead to distorted visualizations of the underlying market structure. Both problems compromise firms’ abilities to accurately assess products’ competitive positions and evaluate the effectiveness of their positioning strategies.

The Role of Extra-Operative Cortical Stimulation and Mapping in the Surgical Management of Intracranial Gliomas.

Aggressive resection without compromising the patient's neurological status remains a significant challenge in treating intracranial gliomas. Our current study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of extra-operative stimulation and mapping via implanted subdural electrodes with or without depth (EOCSM), offering an alternative approach when awake mapping is contraindicated. Fifty-one patients undergoing EOCSM for glioma resection in our institution formed the sample study of our current retrospective study. We assessed the effectiveness and safety of our approach by measuring the extent of resection and recording the periprocedural complications, respectively. The mean age of our participants was 58 years (±9.4 years). The lesion was usually located on the left side (80.4%) and affected the frontal lobe (51.0%). EOCSM was successful in 94.1% of patients. The stimulation and electrode implantation procedures lasted for a median of 2.0 h and 75 h, respectively. Stimulation-induced seizures and CSF leakage occurred in 13.7% and 5.9% of our cases. The mean extent of resection was 91.6%, whereas transient dysphasia occurred in 21.6% and transient hemiparesis in 5.9% of our patients, respectively. Extraoperative stimulation and mapping constitute a valid alternative mapping option in glioma patients who cannot undergo an awake craniotomy.

The Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sentinel Lymph Node Detection in Clinically Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Simple SummaryGenerally, the standard method of applying sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients is via a technetium-labeled nanocolloid (radiolabeled tracer) with or without blue dye. However, the radioactive agents may cause challenges both to hospitals and patients. Alternatively, a safer candidate method, such as SPIO, has been often introduced and validated in comparison with standard methods. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SPIO and its clinical impact on the management of breast cancer. Based on our study, SPIO could be considered as an alternative standard of care for sentinel lymph node detection. Compared with the standard method, SPIO exhibited equivalent or even superior detection capacities, while safety could be guaranteed. Lower SPIO doses would also not impair detection capacity compared with the standard method. The absence of radioactivity of SPIO is one of the most important advantages for clinical applications.Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO), an alternative mapping agent, can be used to identify sentinel lymph nodes in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer. However, its performance in comparison with the standard method, using a radioisotope (technetium-99 m, Tc) alone or in combination with blue dye, remains controversial. Hence, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of SPIO and its clinical impact in the management of breast cancer. The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were comprehensively searched from inception to 1 May 2022. Cohort studies regarding the comparison of SPIO with standard methods for sentinel lymph node identification were included. A total of 19 prospective cohort studies, which collectively included 2298 clinically node-negative breast cancer patients undergoing sentinel lymph node identification through both the standard method and SPIO, were identified. The detection rate for sentinel lymph nodes (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05–1.08; p < 0.001) was considerably higher in the SPIO cohorts than in the standard method cohorts, although this difference was not significant in detected patients, patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes, or positive sentinel lymph nodes. Compared with the standard method, the SPIO method could be considered as an alternative standard of care for sentinel lymph node detection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer.

Analytical Solution to the Seepage Field of Two Parallel Noncircular Tunnels in Permeable Anisotropic Ground

This paper provides an analytical solution and solving procedure for the seepage field around two noncircular tunnels in anisotropic permeable ground. The anisotropic problem is first made equivalent to an isotropic problem by coordinate transformation. Then, by using Schwartz alternate method and conformal mapping, a precise analytical solution is obtained based on the anisotropic problem of single tunnel with redundant hydraulic heads at tunnel boundary. The noncircular tunnel interaction and the permeable anisotropy are considered accurately. The iterative procedure is simple and efficient in its calculations, and achieves good convergence. The results of the analytical model are compared with the finite element results, and show good agreement. Finally, some parametric studies are present to research the influences of tunnel shapes and the anisotropic permeability ratio on the seepage field, and the effect of the location of the pilot tunnel on the seepage field of the primary tunnel is also investigated.

Optimising Photovoltaic Farm Location Using a Capabilities Matrix and GIS

Renewable energy sources provide an important solution in environmental protection activities and in the process of shaping sustainable development. The search for optimal locations enabling full exploitation of the energy intensity of real estate presents a significant challenge in terms of geoinformation analysis methods in a GIS environment. The aim of the study was to develop a capabilities matrix for the location of photovoltaic farms and, based on this, to compile a map of decision alternatives for these locations. The first stage involved the determination of the spatial features (stimulants and destimulants), which were significant in the context of photovoltaic (PV) farm location. During the analysis, the scope of the necessary data and their sources, which included topographic vector studies, aerial images, and the OpenStreetMap open data, were determined. The next stage was to determine the weights of the features which were significant in the context of photovoltaic (PV) farm location. To this end, the Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) method, including the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, was employed. For the verification of the results, the entropy measure was also used. Entropy was calculated based on the diversity of previously identified geospatial features that shape the optimum conditions for their location, based on the photovoltaic farms already existing in Poland. A total of 555 photovoltaic farms were analysed. The next stage assumed the performance of geoinformation analyses using GIS tools and the development of a capabilities matrix for the PV farm location for the selected commune in Poland. The final stage involved the compilation of a PV decision alternative map for the selected commune based on the capabilities matrix. As a result, as an example, a ranking of plots was developed as decision-making alternatives for the municipality of Czarnia located in the northeastern part of Poland. It shows which parcels of land primarily have the dimension of spatial features that are favourable for the location of PV. More than 6900 parcels were analysed, in which 176 presented the highest value of the index of optimal PV location generated using the AHP method. This method provides a basis for further work by identifying optimal locations taking into account existing spatial conditions. The analyses carried out can be an important document in the future for spatial management, in particular for the location of new PV farms. As a continuation of the research, the authors will work on expanding the scope of the analyses and automating the entire process.

A GLMM approach for combining multiple relative abundance surfaces

Abstract Spatio‐temporal maps of organismal density or relative abundance are fundamental to many applications in conservation and ecology. There are often a number of data sources to inform species maps, including citizen science monitoring programs, remote sensing, geolocation data from satellite‐tagged animals and formal scientific surveys. In these cases, it may be desirable to come up with a single map integrating all data sources. We introduce a novel two‐step method for combining inference about relative abundance maps using multiple data sources. Log‐scale relative abundance surfaces are first estimated from individual data sets, and resultant surfaces are then treated as ‘data’ within a generalized linear mixed model framework with a spatially autocorrelated mean process. We also introduce generalizations allowing data misalignment and predictive processes to decrease computational burden. Using simulation, we show that our approach frequently outperfoms other approaches, including basing inference on a single surface, or taking a simple arithmetic mean (although the arithmetic mean performs well when there are few surfaces). We then demonstrate our method using citizen science and satellite‐tracking data of Steller sea lions in Alaska. In this case, relative abundance surfaces consisted of an effort‐adjusted map developed from platform‐of‐opportunity sightings and a utilization distribution developed from geolocation records. The resulting combined surface represented a compromise between single‐data source predictions. Our approach should be useful for ecologists seeking to reconcile alternative species distribution maps, particularly when individual surfaces are prone to bias, when there is no obvious common currency (e.g. point process), or when computational demands preclude a fully integrated analysis.

How educational systems respond to diversity, inclusion and social justice: Disability, power, discipline, territoriality and deterritorialization.

This paper presents a critical examination of a vexed issue relating to how educational systems respond to diversity, inclusion, and social justice. Whilst there are unique factors specific to the various educational sectors; that is, to early years, schools, colleges, higher education and to the life‐long learning sector, this paper explores education and diversity in its broadest sense and recognizes that issues are as much cross‐sector as they are within‐sector. Further still, this paper shifts across disciplinary epistemic boundaries making use of Foucault's tools and the work of Deleuze and Guattari. Given this broader context, this paper primarily traverses the borders of schooling and higher education. It utilizes the notion of scales of justice and draws upon the work of Fraser and explores how this can offer insights into issues not only in relation to redistribution and recognition, but also to representation. It intentionally, draws upon (critical) disability studies literature; and the often‐forgotten discrimination known as disability. It acknowledges the various paradigms and terminological descriptors associated with disabled people, how these are intentionally, I argue, produced and re‐produced, subject to a process of misframing, misrecognition and maldistribution through various territorialized and often segregated educational spaces. In response, this paper offers a reading of dis/ability which moves through theoretical and conceptual understandings and advances the notion of deterritorialization in order to escape, engage and identify larger patterns of inequality. It offers different insights, provides an alternative mapping that can raise different critical questions about disability, also to issues of diversity, inclusion, and social justice.

Frequency Mapping of a Precurved Electrode Array in the Internal Auditory Canal for a Pediatric Cochlear Implant Recipient.

Review the effectiveness of an alternative mapping procedure of a precurved electrode array in the internal auditory canal (IAC). A 7-year-old bilateral cochlear implant (CI) recipient of precurved arrays transferred to the study site and demonstrated no speech recognition with the left CI. Imaging revealed bilateral incomplete partition type III malformations. For the left CI, four contacts were observed in the basal cochlear turn and 18 contacts were coiled in the IAC. The family decided against revision surgery. Pitch ranking was completed to map the contacts in the IAC that were perceptually discrete and tonotopically organized. For the left CI, PB-K word recognition improved from no recognition to 32% after 1 month and to 52% after 3 months. In the bilateral CI condition, performance improved from 56 to 72% after 1 month and 80% after 3 months. A precurved array in the IAC creates difficult management decisions. Direct stimulation of the auditory nerve resulted in better monaural and bilateral speech recognition, likely due to better spectral representation of the speech signal. Individualizing the map using imaging and behavioral findings may improve performance for malpositioned arrays when revision surgery is not pursued.

High Spatial Resolution Thermal Mapping of Volatile Switching in NbOx-Based Memristor Using In Situ Scanning Thermal Microscopy.

Temperature mapping by in situ thermoreflectance thermal imaging (TRTI) or midwave infrared spectroscopy has played an important role in understanding the origins of threshold switching and the effect of insulator-metal transitions in oxide-based memrsitive devices. In this study, we use scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) as an alternative thermal mapping technique that offers high spatial resolution imaging (∼100 nm) and is independent of material. Specifically, SThM is used to map the temperature distribution in NbOx-based cross-bar and nanovia devices with Pt top electrodes. The measurements on cross-bar devices reproduce the current redistribution and confinement processes previously observed by TRTI but without the need to coat the electrodes with a material of high thermo-reflectance coefficient (e.g., Au), while those on the nanovia devices highlight the spatial resolution of the technique. The measured temperature distributions are compared with those obtained from physics-based finite-element simulations and suggest that thermal boundary resistance plays an important role in heat transfer between the active device volume and the top electrode.

We Are Here

Problem, research strategy, and findings With diversifying metropolises, American cities are being called upon to democratize heritage and recognize under-represented groups. Planners need strategies for fostering inclusive places of belonging that also build a cohesive civic polity. Our research project focused on the case of Los Angeles (CA), whose city council has evolved and managed “community naming” and other culture signage projects outside the purview of established heritage conservation programs. We created a database of 266 ethnic culture naming projects, mapped them, and interviewed the citizens and public servants involved in these projects to understand what needs this alternative cultural recognition process fills as well as the operational issues and lessons learned. We found that ethnic groups have sought official recognition of their presence and places of belonging that are not necessarily based on architectural excellence, property ownership, or historic significance. The city needed to formalize the processes for city-approved place naming and signage to promote transparency and cooperation between different groups. However, the current process involved mapping and managing symbolic space like physical property, which unnecessarily exacerbated competition and conflict. Instead, contemporary ethnic urbanism patterns have called for an alternative spatial concept and mapping that does not emphasize borders, but rather the centers of cultural gravity, and acknowledges the reality of physically interwoven communities. Takeaway for practice City leaders can help foster civic participation as well as multicultural cooperation by creating transparent, simple processes for ethnic groups to request symbolic cultural spaces that are officially recognized by the city through signage and maps. Planners could contribute by innovating new ways to map cultural spaces as centers of community that overlap and intersperse with other cultures rather than as exclusive territories to distribute.

A Nonlinear Dynamic Model of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems Based on Alternative Concept of Back Propagation Neural Networks

Abstract The flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is a closely coupled electric-magnetic-mechanical multiphysics system. It has complex nonlinear characteristics, which is difficult to be described in conventional models of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and active magnetic bearings (AMB). A novel nonlinear dynamic model is developed based on the alternative concept. Using back propagation (BP) neural network as a bridge, alternative mapping functions can be built from parametric calculation data of the finite element method (FEM) models. These functions are implemented in a system level simulation of the FESS. As a serial of linear equations, the alternative mapping function can precisely reproduce the electric-magnetic-mechanical characteristics in a satisfied speed and robust. Study of the cogging torque in the PMSM shows a good coincidence with the theory prediction. The current and displacement stiffness coefficients of the AMB are not constants as conventional linear models but change in different winding current and rotor positions. The influence parameters to the critical speed frequency and vibration amplitude are comprehensively studied, including the rotor mass, moment of inertial, eccentric distance, and the mass centroid offset. An operation boundary of the FESS is summarized to describe the feasible power load in different rotor rotation speed and PMSM winding current.

Crossing Bar Lines: The Politics and Practices of Black Musical Space

Crossing Bar Lines: The Politics and Practices of Black Musical Space

Multiaspect Examinations of Possible Alternative Mappings of Identified Variant Peptides: A Case Study on the HEK293 Cell Line.

Adopting proteogenomics approach to validate single nucleotide variation events by identifying corresponding single amino acid variant peptides from mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics data facilitates translational and clinical research. Although variant peptides are usually identified from MS data with a stringent false discovery rate (FDR), FDR control could fail to eliminate dubious results caused by several issues; thus, postexamination to eliminate dubious results is required. However, comprehensive postexaminations of identification results are still lacking. Therefore, we propose a framework of three bottom-up levels, peptide–spectrum match, peptide, and variant event levels, that consists of rigorous 11-aspect examinations from the MS perspective to further confirm the reliability of variant events. As a proof of concept and showing feasibility, we demonstrate 11 examinations on the identified variant peptides from an HEK293 cell line data set, where various database search strategies were applied to maximize the number of identified variant PSMs with an FDR <1% for postexaminations. The results showed that only FDR criterion is insufficient to validate identified variant peptides and the 11 postexaminations can reveal low-confidence variant events detected by shotgun proteomics experiments. Therefore, we suggest that postexaminations of identified variant events based on the proposed framework are necessary for proteogenomics studies.

Robust Bayesian fusion of continuous segmentation maps.

The fusion of probability maps is required when trying to analyse a collection of image labels or probability maps produced by several segmentation algorithms or human raters. The challenge is to weight the combination of maps correctly, in order to reflect the agreement among raters, the presence of outliers and the spatial uncertainty in the consensus. In this paper, we address several shortcomings of prior work in continuous label fusion. We introduce a novel approach to jointly estimate a reliable consensus map and to assess the presence of outliers and the confidence in each rater. Our robust approach is based on heavy-tailed distributions allowing local estimates of raters performances. In particular, we investigate the Laplace, the Student's t and the generalized double Pareto distributions, and compare them with respect to the classical Gaussian likelihood used in prior works. We unify these distributions into a common tractable inference scheme based on variational calculus and scale mixture representations. Moreover, the introduction of bias and spatial priors leads to proper rater bias estimates and control over the smoothness of the consensus map. Finally, we propose an approach that clusters raters based on variational boosting, and thus may produce several alternative consensus maps. Our approach was successfully tested on MR prostate delineations and on lung nodule segmentations from the LIDC-IDRI dataset.